• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.211-217
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• 2014

A new needle-based device for headspace wire coated in-needle microextraction (HS-WC-INME) was fabricated using a nichrome wire coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mixture. The proposed needle device was applied for the determination of volatile compounds in lavender and lavandin essential oils by gas chromatography. Fundamental parameters such as needle design, conditions of extraction and desorption were optimized along with the validation of the extraction and desorption efficiency. The optimal conditions were 30 min extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ and 2 min desorption at $240^{\circ}C$. The calibration curves showed good linearity with the suitable values of the coefficients of determination ($r^2$) greater than 0.99. The limits of detection for linalyl acetate, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, linalool and (+)-limonene were 7.15, 9.04, 10.79 and 22.26 ng, respectively. Analytical recoveries were acceptable in the test samples, varying from 86.7% to 108.0%. The values of relative standard deviations for run to run showed range less than 0.9% while 3.9% through 7.2% for needle to needle. The proposed PEG-PDMS coating could be more suitable than PDMS coating to extract particular polar groups such as alcohols.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect on oxidative stress induced PC12 cells, and volatile flavor composition of essential oils derived from medicinal plant seeds- Gossypium hirsutum L. (G. hirsutum), Coix lachryma-jobi (C. lachryma-jobi) and Oenothera biennis (O. biennis). The essential oils were obtained by the solvent (hexane) extraction method from the seeds. The essential oils of the seeds were analyzed by the solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The major compounds of G. hirsutum, C. lachryma-jobi and O. biennis were cyclonexanol (16.65%), β-asarone (14.29%) and ylangene (50.01%). The DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀) was the highest value of 8.52 mg/mL in the O. biennis. Additionally, IC₅₀ values of G. hirsutum and C. lachryma-jobi were 26.76 mg/mL and 36.81 mg/mL. For the oxidative stress on PC12 cells, we treated with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The pretreatment of oxidative stress induced PC12 cells with all the essential oils preserved or increased their cell viability and G. hirsutum and O. biennis attenuated the ROS generation (by 68.75% and 56.25% vs. H₂O₂ control). The results of this study suggest that the essential oils derived from medicinal plant seeds could be used as valuable back data as a natural essential oil material to prevent neurodegenerative diseases by protecting neuro-cells.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.513-517
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• 1999

Theessential oils of anise darkopal lettuce and sweet basils cultivated in Korea were extracted by simulatneous steam distillation and extraction method and were analyzed by GC/MSD. Total 41 com-ponents were identified in essential oils including 11 alcohols, 6 carbonyls 19 hydrocarbons and 5 esters components. The major components were 1,8-cineole linalool $\alpha$-bergamotene $\beta$-elemene methyl chavicol, $\beta$-cubebene methyl cinnamate and eugenol. Darkopal lettuce and sweet basils were rich in linalool(30.1-36.5%) methyl chavicol(8.1-25.5%) and relatively poor in methyl cinnamate(0-2.71%) Anise basil was rich in linalool(28.5%) and methyl cinnamate(23.1%) However methyl chavicol which was known as one of the main components of bisil was not detected.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2001

The volatile components of umbelliferous herbs having a characteristic spicy aroma were investigated. The essential oils of herbs were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction and the volatile components were identified by capillary GC and GC/MS. Forty-nine volatile compounds were identified from the herbs. The major compounds of chervil (Anthricus cerefolium) leaf oil were methyl chavicol, 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxy benzene, and of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf oil were ${\beta}$-sesquiphellan drene, germacrene B, nerolidol, selinene-4-ol, and of coriander seed oil were linalool, decanal, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, $\rho$-cymene.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.291-302
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• 2011

The study was to investigate whitening and antioxidation effects by determining the tyrosinase inhibition activity, DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase like activity of essential oils from Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. The aim of the present study was to suggest preliminary data for research whitening and anti-oxidant effects material of C. japonica and C. obtusa essential oils and confirm supplementary worth of natural volatile organic compounds (nVOCs). Essential oils of C. japonica and C. obtusa leaves were extracted by steam distillation method of clevenger type, and nVOCs were extracted by high-temperature reactor for utilizing nVOCs condensates released during drying of C. japonica and C. obtusa at 80, 100, and $120^{\circ}C$ temperature conditions, respectively. In the activity of whitening and antioxidation, C. japonica oil was more effective than C. obtusa oil. nVOCs of C. japonica and C. obtusa showed highly activity of tyrosinase inhibitory at higher temperature. Antioxidation activity only shown on nVOCs of C. japonica produced at $120^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2006

Ninety six crossbred pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were used to determine the effects of essential oils (Fresta F $Conc^{(R)}$) supplementation on growth performance, immune response and fecal noxious gas of weaned pigs. Treatments were 1) NC (negative control; basal diet without antibiotics), 2) PC [positive control; basal diet+CSP (CTC+Sulfathiazole+Penicillin) 0.1%], 3) NCF (basal diet+Fresta F $Conc^{(R)}$ 0.03%) and 4) PCF [basal diet+CSP (CTC+Sulfathiazole+Penicillin) 0.1%+Fresta F $Conc^{(R)}$ 0.02%]. From d 0 to 14, ADFI was increased in pigs fed PCF diet (p<0.05). From d 14 to 28, pigs fed PCF diet had greater ADG and ADFI than pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05). From d 28 to 49, ADG and ADFI in pigs fed PCF diet were higher than in pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05). Through the entire experimental period, ADG and ADFI in pigs fed PCF diet were the highest compared to pigs fed NC and PC diets (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in fecal consistency score among the treatments (p>0.05). No statistical differences (p>0.05) were found in red blood cells (RBC) counts, white blood cells (WBC) counts, lymphocyte counts, total protein and albumin. Serum IgG concentration of PCF treatment was greater than that of other treatments (p<0.05). From d 0 to 14, there was no significant difference in digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen among the treatments (p>0.05). From d 14 to 28, digestibility of dry matter in pigs fed PC, NCF and PCF diets was higher than that of pigs fed NC diet (p<0.05) and treatments with added essential oils were higher than other diets on digestibility of nitrogen (p<0.05). Also, from d 28 to 49, digestibility of nitrogen in pigs fed PCF diet was the highest among others (p<0.05). On d 14 and 28, no statistical differences (p>0.05) were found in volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) concentrations among treatments. On d 49, there was no significant difference in VFA concentration among the treatments (p>0.05). $NH_3$-N concentration in pigs fed PCF diet was lower than in pigs fed other diets (p<0.05). $H_2S$ concentration in pigs fed diets with added essential oils was lower than others. In conclusion, the results suggest that the dietary addition of essential oils and antibiotics into diets for weanling pigs improved growth performance, IgG concentration and nitrogen digestibility and decreased noxious gas concentration. Essential oils can be used to partly replace antibiotics in diets for weaned pigs without negative affects on growth performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.433-438
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• 2006

Compositional changes In essential oil of Zanthoxylum piperitum A.P. DC. were investigated under six different storage conditions for 3 months. Essential oil from Zanthoxylum piperitum was collected by steam distillation method and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD). Forty-one volatile compounds, consisting of 12 hydrocarbons, 11 alcohols, 8 aldehydes, 3 oxides, 3 esters, 3 ketones and 1 acid were identified from the fresh essential oil of Zanthoxylum piperitum. In essential oils, compositional changes occurred in particularly monoterpene hydrocarbons. Total levels of ketones, esters, oxides and alcohols increased during storage. Moreover, aerobic condition caused decrease in a few constituents duringstorage even at low temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.438-443
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• 2006

Antibacterial effects of six volatile essential oils against Vibrio sp. were evaluated. Volatile components of essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Ginger oil treatment inhibited growth of V. parahaemolyticus by 22.5-85.7%. Main volatile compounds of ginger oil were ${\beta}-bisabolene$ (35.19%, peak area) and ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$ (12.22%). V. parahaemolyticus was completely inhibited at 1,000 ppm by treatment with mustard oil. Tolerances of V. vulnificus 01 and 02 were twice higher than that of V. parahaemolyticus. Main volatile compound of mustard oil was allyl isothiocyanate (92.55%). Garlic oil treatment of 1,000 ppm inhibited growths of V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus 01, and V. vulnificus 02 by 22.8, 14.6, and 32.9%, respectively. Main volatile compounds of garlic oil were dimethyl sulfide (49.39%) and methyl 2-propenyl disulfide (10.09%). Growth of V. vulnificus 02 was inhibited by 60.6-80.3% via treatment with bud, leaf, and whole oil of clove. Antibacterial activity of whole clove oil on V. vulnificus 02 was stronger than those of ginger, mustard, and garlic oil. Main volatile compounds were eugenol (83.33%) and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (7.47%) in clove bud, eugenol (87.46%) and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (10.03%) in clove leaf, and eugenol (86.04%) and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (9.71%) in whole clove. These results revealed essential oils from spices could be used as potential agents to inhibit Vibrio sp.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2013

The essential oils of stems, roots, fruits and leaves of Lindera obtusiloba BL. were collected in the winter and summer extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In present study, 58 kinds of volatile components in the winter stems (WS), 70 in the winter roots (WR), 77 in the summer stems (SS), 78 in the summer roots (SR), 70 in the summer fruits (SF) and 76 in the summer leaves (SL) were identified. The results showed that, the major components were monoterpenes including ${\alpha}$-thujene (1.22~13.80%) camphene (1.56~18.40%), ${\beta}$-mycrene (1.75~9.27%), limonene (5.57~12.83%), ${\beta}$-phellandrene (3.03~7.72%), linalyl acetate (2.29~12.55%), dihydromycrene (0~11.15%), germacrene B (0~7.54%) of which the contents had major fluctuations in different seasons and parts. In general, monoterpenes were the major constituent of SF in L. obtusiloba BL. that have presented possibilities for industrial applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.10-16
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• 2003

Natural resource plants have been useful and helpful materials for human to against diseases and Prevention since ancient Egyptian and Roman times. However, according to recent survey, its habitat and indigenous are continuously decreased and almost extinct some valuable species, as Adonis vernalis, Digitalis lanata etc., especially in Eastern Europe and east Asian countries due to radical political and social reforms. ESCOP and FAO have already initiated to protect the endangered species for conservation, protection and propagation technology but it is not easy tasks without global concerning. Most natural resource plants have volatile components in essential oils and its consumption and demanding is increased every year, which contained certain compounds have no side effects and good properties for biological activities. Essential oils of natural resource plants are also well known for medical purposes, such as Central Nervous System (CNS, linalool), anticancer (d-limonene, perillyl alcohol, etc.), microbial and fungicidal activities (menthol, borneol, etc). Essential oil also used for natural therapy to prevent and increase immune systems instead of chemical synthesis drugs. With this, researchers of natural resource plants are ultimately faced to develop and optimal technology for increasing the Korean farmer's income by high added-value herbal products in present and future.