• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Background and Objectives: Quality of voice may be deteriorated after thyroidectomy without any injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve. While there have been several studies showing the change of acoustic parameters after thyroidectomy, factors related to deteriorated voice quality have been rarely studies. In this study, we sought to analyze the factors associated to deteriorated voice quality after thyroidectomy. Materials and Methods: We made a retrospective review of 35 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Voice analysis including acoustic analysis, voice handicap index 10 (VHI-10), and GRBAS score was conducted before and 3 months after surgery. Patients were grouped according to the amount of increase in VHI-10 after surgery ; group A (${\Delta}VHI<7$) and group B (${\Delta}VHI{\geq}7$). Clinicopathologic factors associated to patients of group B were analyzed and changes of parameters from acoustic analysis in each group were evaluated. Results : Patients of group B were associated with age ${\geq}45$ years (p=0.025) and showed borderline association to total thyroidectomy (p=0.075) and tumor size ${\geq}1cm$ (p=0.086). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that those with age ${\geq}45$ years were independently associated to deteriorated quality of voice (p=0.014, HR=18.38). Patients of group B were also associated to significant deterioration of high pitch (p<0.001) and Grade score with borderline significance (p=0.054). Conclusion: Patients older than 45 years may have higher risk of deterioration of quality of voice after thyroidectomy based on increase of VHI-10 score (${\Delta}VHI{\geq}7$). Association with deterioration of high pitch should also be considered in these patients.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.609-615
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• 2013

본 논문은 ITU-T 표준 코덱인 G.711.1 광대역 코덱을 적용한 HD 보이스 스마트폰 어플리케이션의 개발 내용을 설명한다. 개발 내용에는 G.711.1 광대역 코덱을 적용한 HD 보이스 스마트폰 어플리케이션의 구조와 개발된 HD보이스 어플리케이션의 음성 품질 결과를 포함하고 있으며, ITU-T의 다른 표준 코덱인 G.722 코덱을 적용한 어플리케이션 보다 음성 품질이 MOS값 - 0.5(패킷 손실 환경 포함)로 향상된 결과가 나왔다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of voice disorders and the Korean voice handicap index in the elderly. For this study, 169 elderly performed two types of questionnaires and vowel /a/ prolongation. Self-reported voice symptoms and the Korean voice handicap index were analyzed and acoustic voice evaluation was performed by MDVP. The results showed that the prevalence of voice disorders in the elderly are significantly higher than that of adults in self-reports. In acoustic evaluation, 32.2% of the male elderly and 40.9% of the female elderly exceeded the thresholds of Jitter (%), Shimmer (%) and NHR. In addition, Korean voice handicap index scores of the female elderly are significantly higher than those of female adults. These findings indicate the high frequency of voice disorders in the elderly and the need to focus on this group. Additional studies on the voice related quality of life for the elderly are needed.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2004

인터넷의 발달은 통신 기술에 커다란 변화를 요구하고 있다. 특히 공중전화망(PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network)은 장기적으로 인터넷으로 흡수 통합되고, 현재는 이들간의 연동이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 이처럼 인터넷에서의 전화 서비스는 인터넷 응용 서비스 중 가장 활용 가치가 높고, 기대를 모으고 있는 서비스이다. 그러나 높은 기대와 적은 서비스 이용료에도 불구하고 인터넷 전화 서비스의 보급이 부진한 이유는 낮은 서비스 품질에 있다. 지금까지 VoIP(Voice over IP) 서비스 품질 평가를 위해 송수신되는 음성에 기반 한 다수의 통화 품질 측정 알고리즘들이 사용되어 왔지만, 이러한 알고리즘들은 음성 샘플에 따라 그 결과가 다르고, 일부 알고리즘은 음성 전송 경로의 네트워크 환경 요소를 반영하지 못하는 단점이 있다. E-모델은 이러한 알고리즘들의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 VoIP 단말의 통화 품질은 물론, 음성 전송 경로의 네트워크 품질 손실 요소들을 체계적으로 분석할 수 있는 E-모델의 다양한 분석을 통해 인터넷 전화 사업자나 망 운용자의 VoIP 계획(planing)에 대한 가이드라인과 통화 품질 평가 방법 및 결과를 제시하고자 한다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2004

Purpose This study is to find the characteristics of voice quality based on the classifying the sound characteristics and B.M.I. by Sasang Constitution. Methods To make the notion of the consensus of Sasang Constitution's Voice, classification into 4 categories was made: clear/hoarse, high/low, powerful/powerless, fast/slow. Result The voice quality of Soyangin group was classified as powerful and fast, and that of Taeumin group was classified as powerful and hoarse and low, and that of Soeumin group was classified as powerless and clear. The mean B.M.I. of Soeumin group was classified as 21.4, and that of Taeumin group was classified as 26.3. Conclusion 1. Taeumin was significantly high compared with Soeumin in B.M.I. 2. It can be classified as Taeumin when B.M.I. is high(26.3). 3. It can be classified as Soeumin when B.M.I. is low(21.4). 4. The voice quality of Soyangin group was classified as clear and fast, or strong and clear, and that of Taeumin group as powerful and hoarse, and that of Soeumin group as powerless and low.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2010

This study investigated the closed quotient and other voice quality parameters using electroglottography (EGG) in sustaining the vowel /a/ and reading a sentence at the comfortable pitch and loudness in healthy Korean adults. Seventy two healthy adults (36 men, 36 women) aged 20~40 years were included in the study. The tasks were recorded and analyzed using Lx Speech Studio. In vowel sustaining task, closed quotient (Qx), fundamental frequency (Fx), sound pressure level (SPL), Jitter, and Shimmer were measured. In sentence reading task, closed quotient (DQx), fundamental frequency (DFx), and sound pressure level (DAx) were measured. The sex effects were observed on Qx, Fx, Shimmer, DQx, and DFx. Men had significantly higher Qx and DQx than women, but had significantly lower Shimmer than women. However, there was no sex effect on Jitter. The task effects on Qx and SPL as well as DQx and DAx were also assessed. Qx and SPL were significantly higher than DQx and DAx in both gender. This study showed that the closed quotients in both vowel sustaining and sentence reading tasks were significantly related to other voice quality parameters. Therefore, clinicians and researchers should describe the voice quality parameters like fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, Jitter, Shimmer, and so on when reporting closed quotients using EGG.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

최근 콜센터 등에서는 고객을 음성 미디어를 통하여 서비스하고 있다. 이런 콜 센터에서 제공하는 다양한 서비스의 품질 측정 방법 중 음성 대화 속 화자의 감정에 따른 측정 방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 화자의 음성을 이용하여 그 사람의 감정을 알아내고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 음성 신호로부터 여러 가지 파라미터를 추출하고 분석함으로써 인간의 감정을 분류하였다. 사람의 감정은 크게 기쁨, 슬픔, 흥분, 보통 등 4가지 상태로 나눌 수 있다. 대부분의 음성 서비스 품질은 흥분 또는 분노의 상태가 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 감정을 Pitch와 Amplitude를 기초로 한 5가지 요소를 통하여 효율적으로 대화자간의 문제가 되는 대화를 선별해 내는 방법을 연구 하였다.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Sea Dong-Il's technique on voice quality in patients with vocal nodules and phonasthenia (vocal fatigue). Ten patients (4 nodules and 6 vocal fatigue) participated in the study. Each subject was assessed acoustically (Fo, Jitter, Shimmer, NNE) in the first and last session. Dr. Speech (version 3.4, Tiger-DRS) was used to compare acoustic parameters of pre-and post-treatment. Sea Dong-Il's technique consisted of breathing exercise, relaxation exercise, and phonation exercise. The results were as follows: First, Sea Dong- Il's technique tended to be effective on improving voice quality in patients with phonasthenia and vocal nodules. Second, the nature of improvements were as follows: there was a significant difference between pre-and post-treatment in shimmer (p < .01) and NNE (p < .001), while there was no significant difference between pre-and post-treatment in Fo and Jitter. Finally, given the fact that the number of subjects was only 10, the jitter might have shown a significant difference if more subjects participated in the experiment.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2011

In this paper, details of the design and implementation of a voice source simulator using Simulink and Matlab are discussed. This simulator is an implementation by model-based design concept. Voice sources can be analyzed and manipulated through various factors by choosing options from GUI input and selecting pre-defined blocks or user created ones. This kind of simulation tool can simplify the procedure of analyzing speech signals for various purposes such as voice quality analysis, pathological voice analysis, and speech coding. Also, basic analysis functions are supported to compare the original signal and the manipulated ones.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of the management program known as vocal function exercise (VFE) on voice quality. Typical VFE was modified and applied to patients with vocal nodules by controlling intensity of voice and relieving the vocal fold to solve hyperfunctional problems in VFE. Eight female subjects aged between 28 and 54 who had been diagnosed with vocal nodules took part in the study. The patients performed VFEs once a week for eight weeks. Vocal function exercises consist of voice hygiene, respiratory training, phonation training, and glide training. The subjects' voices were analyzed pre and post therapy on the aspects of acoustics, maximum phonation time (MPT), GRBAS, and voice handicap index (VHI). As a result, it was found that fundamental frequency ($F_o$) was significant increased, shimmer decreased remarkably and that noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) lowered obviously in the acoustic parameter. In addition, MPT was increased significantly. The scale of GRBAS indicated significant improvement in grade, roughness, and strained voice. VHI indicated significant improvement in an emotional part. In conclusion, VFE was effective in improving voice quality for patients with vocal nodules.