• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2001

On the assumption that the voices of the cows are produced by the linear prediction filter, we characterized the cows’voices. The order of this filter was determined by examining the voice characteristics both in time and frequency domains. The proposed order of the linear prediction filter is 15 for modeling voice production of the cow. The characteristics of the amplitude envelope of the voice signal was investigated by analyzing the sequence of the short time variance both in time and frequency domains, and the new parameters were defined. One of the coefficients o the linear prediction filter generating the voice signal, the fundamental frequency, the slope of the straight line regressed from the log-log spectra of the short time variance and the coefficients of the linear prediction filter generating the sequence of the short time variance of the voice signal can differentiate the two cows.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.1034-1036
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• 2004

The most basic form of a direct-drive linear motor is the voice coil motor(VCM). The voice coil motor employs a stationary permanent magnet field assembly in conjunction with a moving coil winding assembly to produce a force proportional to the current applied to the coil. Voice coil motor provide motion capable of extremely fine position sensitivity, limited only by the feedback sensor used to close the control loop. This paper presents dual-servo voice coil motor for improvement of driving range and position resolution. The voice coil motor is a cylindrical shape to improve reliability of a nanoindenter.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.59-63
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• 2019

VoIP technology is a technology for exchanging voice or video data through IP network. Various protocols are used for this technique, in particular, RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) protocol is used to exchange voice data. In recent years, with the development of communication technology, there has been an increasing tendency of services such as "Kakao Voice Talk" to exchange voice and video data through IP network. Most of these services provide a service with security guarantee by a user authentication process and an encryption process. However, RTP protocol does not require encryption when transmitting data. Therefore, there is an exposition risk in the voice data using RTP protocol. We will present the risk of the situation where packets are sniffed in VoIP(Voice over IP) communication using RTP protocol. To this end, we configured a VoIP telephone network, applied our own sniffing tool, and analyzed the sniffed packets to show the risk that users' data could be exposed unprotected.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.91-97
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• 2020

Use of voice-based interfaces that can interact with users is increasing as AI technology develops. To date, however, most of the research on voice-based interfaces has been technical in nature, focused on areas such as improving the accuracy of speech recognition. Thus, the voice of most voice-based interfaces is uniform and does not provide users with differentiated sensibilities. The purpose of this study is to add a emotional factor suitable for the AI interface. To this end, we have derived emotional factors that should be considered in designing voice interface. In addition, we looked at voice trends that differed from country to country. For this study, we conducted interviews with voice industry experts from Finland and Norway, countries that use their own independent languages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2019

Background and Objectives : The goal of this study is to present a strategy for improving the self-regulation (SR) ability and facilitating the change of vocal behavior by applying voice therapy using the SR concept to the patients with vocal cord nodule and muscle tension dysphonia. Materials and Method : The subjects were 80 patients and 80 patients who were diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia and vocal nodules. As a control group, the results were compared among patients with the same dysphonia without using SR strategies. The concept of SR before voice therapy was explained to the patients, and the treatment was divided into three stages according to the goal of voice therapy. The treatment stages consist of 1) skill acquisition, 2) habit formation, and 3) habit changes. voice therapy was performed by applying SR strategies such as goal implementation intentions and a less routine behavior. Patient's dropout rates were measured to compare the adherence of voice therapy. Results : Significant improvement was seen in all groups receiving voice therapy. However, in the group using the SR strategy, the voice analysis results showed a relatively low dropout rate of voice therapy. In the generalization confirmation stage, patients who applied SR concept showed better results. SR strategy did no longer be necessary to maintain newly adopted vocal behavior. Conclusion : The results of this study show that SR is one of the cognitive factors that can have a significant impact on the outcome of voice therapy, and also has a positive impact on the acquisition and generalization of new skills. A better understanding of SR and the development of therapeutic strategies using it will play an important role in solving voice problems in clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

Background and Objectives:The objective of this study was to investigate the features of post-thyroidectomy subjective voice disorder by Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Voice Symptom Scale (VOISS) through aerodynamic analysis and to investigate the appropriate voice therapy intervention. Materials and Methods:Twenty post-thyroidectomy patients who had no recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis through laryngeal stroboscopy were enrolled for this study. Acoustic and aerodynamic evaluations were performed before operation, 2 weeks and 3 months after operation. Subjective voice evaluation was performed by VHI and VOISS. Aerodynamic evaluation was compared and analysed by maximum phonation time(MPT), phonation threshold pressure(PTP), mean air flow rate(MFR), etc. Subjective voice evaluation was surveyed through VHI and VOISS. To evaluate patients' symptoms related to functional voice disorder, scores on physical domain in VHI and VOISS were selected to be compared for each session. Results: The 10 out of 20 participants who complained of voice symptoms had no significant difference with pre-operation in acoustic evaluation, but all showed higher scores on 2 weeks and 3 months after operation compared to pre-operation, in VHI-physical domain and selected questionnaires in VOISS. They reduced MPT and increased PTP value simultaneously. Laryngeal massage and breathing training were simultaneously treated to them, 5 participants resulting in improvement in MPT and PTP compared to pre-treatment. Conclusion:Patients who complained voice change with no organic damage after thyroidectomy were all shown to have reduced MPT and increased PTP in some by aerodynamic evaluations. Reduced MPT may imply some problem in air flow beneath glottis. Increased PTP suggests much more effort in vocalization mechanism than pre-operation. Comparing aerodynamic evaluations in post-thyroidectomy may provide information on behavioral interventions. Additionally, study on laryngeal massage and breathing training simultaneously treated to patients with such voice disorder is needed to be conducted with larger number of participants.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 1992

In this paper, we study the performance eualuations of the FDDI Network, by mathmeticlal analysis and simulation, in which the Integrated Voice/Data transmission system with voice traffic in synchronous mode and data traffic inasynchronous mode.For the mean waiting times of Voice/Data packet, we use two-state of Marcov models for voice traffic with talkspurt and silenci state, and the data traffic would traffic would transmit at the silence state of voice traffic. By the mean wating times, we analyze the relations between synchronous and asynchronous mode. As a result, using Sync/Async mode with voice and data, voice was not under influnece of data traffic. and in the same time,data can be tanaxmitted in a short waiting time, too.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of voice improvement when vocal training, which relaxes the vocal contact, is applied to children with vocal nodules. Subjects included 20 5- to 12-year-old boys with vocal nodules in Otolaryngology and for whom voice therapy had been advised. The vocal therapy was conducted for 40 minutes per a week for a total of eight times. Results were evaluated by videostroboscopy, auditory-perceptual evaluation of GRBAS Scale, aerodynamic test, and acoustic analysis before and after therapy. As a result, first, the size of vocal nodules was reduced and the unstable pattern of vocal contact was improved. Glottic closure was increased and Phase symmetry was decreased during vocal vibration. Mucosal wave was increased and muscle tension of the larynx was reduced. Second, auditory-perceptual evaluation showed that subjects' overall quality of voice improved. GRBAS Scale Evaluation showed that the characteristics of the subjects' voice which were rough, breathy, and strained and breathy were reduced after therapy. Third, the measurements of acoustic parameters showed a statistically significant improvement. The fundamental frequency of the subejects' voice was increased and values of Jitter and Shimmer, NHR, [H1-H2] decreased. Fourth, the maximum phonation time of children was increased. These results imply that vocal relaxation training conducted in this study has a very positive effect to improve the voice of children with vocal nodules.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.458-466
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• 2001

This paper is addressed to a design and implementation of Korean voice web browser using voice technologies for controling web browser and selecting contents in the web document, and converting them to voice after HTML analysis. Main feature of this web browser is universal design which considers both of normal person and visual disabled, allows multi-modal interface. As voice interface for visual disabled, it supports tree structure which allows to recognize web document structure easily by only voice guidance regardless of frame usage, can handle all elements described as tag in the web document, identify them as predefined different voice property according to element property. This method gets rid of additional guidance voice for element property without audio style sheet or additional programming effort.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.134-137
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• 2007

Background and Objectives: The goals of laryngeal reconstruction have been prevention of aspiration, production of a functional voice, and maintenance of an adequate airway for decannulation. It is generally believed that the reconstruction of the glottic region after vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) can improve laryngeal function. The objective of this study is to evaluate of voice function after VPL with mucosal flap and fat graft reconstruction. Materials and Methods: From 1994 to 2006, 13 patients, who had been treated with VPL with mucosal flap and fat graft reconstruction. The voice characteristics, acoustic, aerodynamic parameter were measured in 13 patients after vertical partial laryngectomy with mucosal flap and fat graft reconstruction. Acoustic analysis was carried out using Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) and aerodynamic analysis were carried out using Aerophon II,3 months and 12 months after surgery. Results: The GRBAS scale, jitter, shimmer, NHR were improved as time goes on after surgery. But, maximum phonation time was shortened after surgery and there is no significant differences between before and after surgery in mean flow rate. Conclusion: The voice function of the mucosal flap and fat graft reconstruction after VPL were satisfactory. This can be an excellent reconstruction method after vertical partial laryngectomy.