• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2011

본 연구는 성악과 기악 배경음악이 단어 암기 과제에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 30명의 대학생과 대학원생이 참여하여 두 그룹으로 무작위로 나뉘어 졌다. 단어 암기 과제를 하는 동안 배경음악이 삽입 되었다. 그룹 A에 있는 참가자들은 성악곡을 감상했고 그룹 B에 있는 참가자들은 동일 음악이지만 첼로로 연주되는 기악 음악을 감상 했다. 모든 참가들은 배경 음악이 있는 단어 암기 과제 후 암기력을 측정하기 위해 사후 검사가 실시되었다. T test를 통해 두 그룹의 차이를 보고자 하였다. 그룹 A의 평균(8.93)이 그룹 B(7.46) 보다 높았지만 두 그룹간의 유의미한 차이는 없었다(t(28) = 1.38, p < .05). 이는 가사가 단어 암기 과제에 방해되지 않는다는 것을 제시하였으며 배경음악이 인지 능력에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 시사한다.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2008

This study was to investigate diadochokinetic (DDK) rate, regularity and mean flow rate of articulation valves in dysarthria. DDK rate, mean airflow rate (MFR) and regularity of DDK syllable repetitions of vocal function /ihi/, tongue function /ta/, velopharyngeal function /bm/, and labial function /pa/ in 24 normal and dysarthric speakers were measured. Aerophone Ⅱ and Motor Speech Profile were used for data recording and analysis. The results of the findings were as follows: First, there were significant differences between the dysarthria and the normal group in DDK rate. DDK rates in ataxic dysarthria were the lowest and spastic, flaccid, and hypokinetic dysarthria followed in sequence. Second, there was a significant difference between the dysarthria and the normal group in DDK regularity. Third, there was a significant difference between dysarthria groups and normal group in DDK MFR. Finally, there was a significant difference between the 4 groups of dysarthria and the normal group in DDK air flow tracking. The results of this study can be guidelines for normal DDK rate, regularity and flow rate in dysarthria groups. In addition, their differential diagnoses and descriptions are important to make a decision on medical and behavioral management of the individuals with disorders according to DDK characteristics.

• 센서학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2013

This study was aimed to implement the electroglottography (EGG) system for analyzing fundamental frequency of the phonation. EGG was recorded from the conductance between ring electrodes attached to the neck skin area near thyroid cartilage with high frequency carrier electric signals during vocalization, and voice signal was recorded with microphone simultaneously. EGG and voice signals were transmitted to the audio port in PC and recorded with stereo sound recording program. From the digitized data, several parameters such as pitch, jitter, shimmer, CQ and SQ were analyzed from the vowel sounds. For the voice training, sound fundamental frequency was displayed during the vocalization and singing a song using pitches analyzed from the EGG. The system implemented in this study could be used for vocal exercise.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제19권3E호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

The main question addressed in this research was whether an adaptation of a standard exercise Physiology Procedure would be sensitive enough to record excess oxygen uptake associated with speech activity. Oxygen consumption was recorded for a single subject during 7-minute rest periods and an automatic speech task, also 7-minutes long and performed at three different vocal efforts. The data show measurable and systematic speech-induced modifications of breathing and oxygen uptake patterns. The subject was found to use less power for normal than for soft and loud speech. This result is similar to findings reported by experimental biologists on the energetics of locomotion. However, more comprehensive feasibility studies need to be undertaken on a larger population before solid and detailed conclusions about speech energy costs are possible. However, it appears clear that, for experimental tasks like the present one, i.e., variations in vocal effort, standard exercise physiology methods may indeed offer a viable approach to recording excess oxygen uptake associated with speech movements.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2016

실용음악의 가창 및 악기에 대한 도제식 교육방식은 국내에 실용음악 교육이 도입된 이후부터 지금까지 큰 변화 없이 수용되어 왔다. '1대1 개인 레슨'이나 배정된 '전공지도 교수자에 의한 도제식 교육법' 이외의 다른 교수법에 대한 논의나 제안이 제기된 사례가 많지 않다. 1980년대 후반, 실용음악 교육이 국내에 소개된 이후 지금까지 실용음악 교육을 위한 CAI(Computer Aided Instruction) 코스웨어 개발은 실용음악 이외의 분야에서처럼 활발하게 이루어지지 않았다. 물론, 실용음악 분야에서도 컴퓨터를 활용한 음악 프로듀싱이나 영상 음악 분야의 비약적인 발전이 있었다. 하지만 발전된 컴퓨터 프로그램이 실용음악 교육에 적극적으로 적용되지 않고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 음악 제작 소프트웨어의 발전된 기능들을 활용하여 실용음악 가창 분야에서 전통적인 도제식 교육을 개선하기 위한 학습 방법에 대해 연구하고자 한다. 특히 본 논문에서는 음원의 음정 보정을 위해 개발된 피치 쉬프트(Pitch Shift)기술인 오토 튠(auto tune)을 활용한다. 이것을 통해 음정에 관한 실시간 피드백이나 녹음 후 모니터를 시각적으로 제공하여 가창 훈련 시 음정 정확성 향상을 유도할 수 있는 학습 방법을 제시하고자한다. 물론 가창력을 판단할 때 음정 정확도만 평가 되는 것은 아니며 음정 정확도 역시 발성, 발음 등의 복잡한 신체 능력에 영향을 받는다. 하지만 이 연구로 컴퓨터를 활용하는 교육이 실용음악 보컬 학습자들에게 시간적, 공간적 제한을 극복하여 더 효율적인 가창 훈련을 할 수 있는 방법 중 하나를 제시 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : High-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV) is the only technique that captures the true intra-cycle vibratory behavior of the vocal folds by capturing full images of the vocal folds. However, it has problems of no immediate feedback during examination, considerable waiting time for digital kymography (DKG), recording duration limited to a few seconds, and extreme demands for storage space. Herein, we demonstrate a new post-processing method that converts HSV images to two-dimensional digital kymography (2D-DKG) images, which adopts the algorithm of 2D videokymography (2D VKG). Materials and Methods : HSV system was used to capture images of vocal folds. HSV images were post-processed in Kay image-process software (KIPS), and conventional DKG images were retrieved. Custom-made post-processing system was used to convert HSV images to 2D-DKG images. The quantitative parameters of the post-processed 2D-DKG images was validated by comparing these parameters with those of the DKG images. Results : Serial HSV images for all phases of vocal fold vibratory movement are included. The images were converted by the scanning method using U-medical image-process software. Similar to conventional DKG, post-processed 2D DKG image from the HSV image can provide quantitative information on vocal fold mucosa vibration, including the various vibratory phases. Differences in amplitude symmetry index, phase symmetry index, open quotient, and close quotient between 2D-DKG and DKG were analyzed. There were no statistical differences between the quantitative parameters of vocal fold vibratory movement in 2D-DKG and DKG. Conclusion : The post-processing method of converting HSV images to 2D DKG images could provide clinical information and storage economy.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2004

Purpose : To assess perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measure of voice quality in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis before and after type I thyroplasty. Methods : The clinical records of patients operated type I thyroplasty in the Departement of otorhinoalryngolgy, Yongdong Severance hospital from November 2001 to November 2003 were reviewed. All patients uderwent a vocal function evaluation including perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measures of voice preoperative and on $60^{th}$ postoperative day. The perceptual and acoustic measures were obtained from recording of patients' reading a 'Sanchak' passage. The perceptual evaluation was performed by 2 speech pathologist using a 4-point rating scale. Acoustic parameters(voice range profile low(RAL), voice range profile high(RAH), average fundamental frequency(AFX), closed quotient, harmonic to noise ratio, jitter and shimmer) were investigated by Lx speech studio. Mean flow rate(MFR), subglottic pressure(Psub) and intensity were measured using the Phonatory function analyzer. The maximum phonation time was also measured. The data were statistically analyzed. A paired t-test (p<0.1) was used to compare preoperative and postoperative results. And multiple regression test was used to find which parameter was most correlated to improvement of postoperative voice quality. Results : Among aerodynamic parameters, Psub $(88.11mmH_2O{\rightarrow}58.7mmH_2O)$, MPT(7.87sec${\rightarrow}$12.53sec), MFR (359.8ml/sec${\rightarrow}$161.06ml/sec) were statistically improved. AFx(205.5Hz${\rightarrow}$163.27Hz), AQx(23.9%${\rightarrow}$48.3%), RAL, RAH. Jotter and shimmer were improved. In multiple regression test, AFx and AQx was noted as the two meost correlated parameters to improvement of postoperative breathiness. But general grade of voice quality was more correlated to Psub and shimmer. Conclusion : Vocal fold medialization procedures effectively reduce glottic gap. Increasing of contact area of both vocal folds induced improvement in aerodynamic parameters and leaded stabilizing of vocal fold vibration. That effect results in improvement in acoustic parameters (shimmer, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, voice range profile) and voice quality.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.149-151
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate fast ab/adduction rate of articulation valves in normal adults. The measurement of fast ab/aduction rate has traditionally been used for assessment, diagnosis and therapy in patients who suffered from dysarthria, functional articulation disorders or apraxia of speech. Fast ab/adduction rate shows the documented structural and physiological changes in the central nervous system and the peripheral components of oral and speech production mechanism. Fast ab/adduction rates were obtained from 20 normal subjects by producing the repetition of vocal function (/ihi/), tongue function (/t${\wedge}$/), velopharyngeal function (/m/), and labial function (/p${\wedge}$/). The Aerophone II was used for data recording. The results of finding as follows: average fast ab/adduction rates were vocal function(6.21cps), tongue function(7.42cps), velopharyngeal function(5.23cps), labial function (6.93cps). The results of this study are guidelines of normal diadochokinetic rates. In addition, they can indicate the severity of diseases and evaluation of treatment.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1993년도 제27차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.72-72
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• 1993

음성질환의 진단을 위하여 사용하는 검사법은 여러가지가 있으며 음성발생의 기전에 근거하여 공기역학적 검사로부터 어음청취검사에 이르기까지 다양하게 시도되고 있다. 이중 성대점막의 진동양상은 간접후두경 만으로는 정확히 관찰하기 어려우므로 후두스트로보스코피, 초고속촬영법, 광전, 전기, 초음파등을 이용한 글로토그라피 및 카이모그라피 등이 사용되고 있는데 임상적으로는 후두스트로보스코피가 가장 널리 사용되어지고 있다. 저자들은 1992년 4월 부터 1993년 3월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 음성언어의학연구소에서 음성검사를 시행하였던 환자들을 대상으로 질환별 스트로보스코피소견의 특징을 파악함으로써 후두질환의 진단 및 치료에 도움을 얻고자 하였다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

Background and Objectives : High-speed imaging can be useful in studies of linguistic and artistic singing styles, and laryngeal examination of patients with voice disorders, particularly in irregular vocal fold vibrations. In this study, we introduce new laryngeal imaging systems which are commercially available high speed cameras connected with a laryngoscope. Materials and Method : The laryngeal images were captured from three different types of cameras. First, the adapter was made to connect with laryngoscope and Casio EX-F1 to capture the images using $2{\times}150$ Watt Halogen light source (EndoSTROB) at speeds of 1,200 tps (frame per second)($336{\times}96$). Second, Phantom Miro ex4 was used to capture the digital laryngeal images using Xenon Nova light source 175 Watt (STORZ) at speeds of 1,920 fps ($512{\times}384$). Finally, laryngeal images were captured using MotionXtra N-4 with 250 Watt halogen lamp (Olympus CLH-250) light source at speeds of 2,000tps ($384{\times}400$) by connecting with laryngoscope. All images were transformed into the Kymograph using KIPS (Kay's image processing Software) of Kay Pentex Inc. Results: Casio EX-F1 was too small to adjust the focus and screen size was diminished once the images were captured despite of high resolution images. High quality of color images could be obtained with Phantom Miro ex4 whereas good black and white images from Motion Xtra N-4 Despite of some limitations of illumination problems, limited recording time capacity, and time consuming procedures in Phantom Miro ex4 and Motion Xtra N-4, those portable devices provided high resolution images. Conclusion : All those high speed cameras could capture the laryngeal images by connecting with laryngoscope. High resolution images were able to be captured at the fixed position under the good lightness. Accordingly, these techniques could be applicable to observe the vocal fold vibration properties in the clinical practice.