• 농업과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1993

포도 및 미국자리공의 세포현탁배양계에서 세포생장 및 색소축적에 미치는 배지내 무기 염농도의 효과를 알아 보았다. 포도의 세포 증식은 control구에서만 정상적인 대수증식기를 보였고, 희석배지에서는 4일째에서 6일째까지 완만한 대수증식기를 나타냈다. Anthocyanin은 모든 처리구에서 배양후 12일째에 최대로 축적이 되었다. 미국자리공에 있어서는 모든 처리구에서 세포증식과 동조적으로 betacyanin이 축적되어, 배양 8일 이후에 최대축척을 나타냈다. 포도의 세포배양에서는 sucrose 87.6mM까지는 세포증식이 증가하였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 증식이 급격히 떨어졌다. Anthocyanin은 146mM에서 최대로 축적되었으며 그 이상의 농도에서도 다량의 anthocyanin이 축적되었다. 미국자리공에서는 sucrose농도가 높아질수록 세포증식 및 색소축적이 증가하는 경향을 보여, 포도의 배양세포와 대조적 인 결과를 보였다. 이상의 결과로써 포도의 anthocyanin과 미국자리공의 betacyanin이 같은 적색색소이지만, 배양세포내에서의 생성기작 및 그 축적과정이 서로 상이하다는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.467-477
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• 2009

꽃매미의 식물에 대한 선호도을 조사한 결과, 가죽나무와 포도나무를 가장 선호하였으며, 사과나무, 배나무, 무궁화나무, 소나무와 복숭아 나무는 선호하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 7종 식물에 대하여 꽃매미 약충과 성충은 가죽나무와 포도나무에서 가장 오래 생존하였고, 다른 식물에서는 생존기간이 짧았다. 과수열매에서는 거의 생존하지 못하였다. 꽃매미의 섭식행동 분석결과, 약충과 성충 모두 가죽나무와 포도나무에서 섭식하지 않는 시간(non-probing time)은 가장 짧았고, 체관부 섭식시간(phloem-feeding time)은 가장 길었다. 이를 제외한 나머지 식물과 열매에서는 체관부 섭식시간이 0분으로 섭식을 하지 못하였다. 5종 식물을 당 분석한 결과, 가죽나무는 sucrose 함량이 가장 높았고 fructose > glucose순으로, 포도나무에는 glucose > fructose > maltose > sucrose > rhamnose순이고, 사과나무는 glucose > fructose, 배나무는 glucose > unknown > fructose, 무궁화나무는 sucrose > glucose 순으로 당 성분이 존재하였다. Parafilm membrane 검정법으로 생존기간을 조사한 결과, 약충과 성충 모두 sucrose 5%용액에서 가장 생존기간이 길었으며, fructose 5%용액이 그 다음이었다. 이를 제외한 나머지 성분에서는 짧은 수명을 나타내었다. 분석된 당 성분의 조합에 의한 검정에서도 약충과 성충 모두 가죽나무와 포도나무의 당 성분조합에서 다른 당 성분조합과 비교하여 긴 수명을 보였다. 당 성분이 꽃매미가 기주를 선택하고 섭식하는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

The main goal of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among 36 grape cultivars grown in Palestine by using ISSR-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprints. Among the tested primers, 17 produced reasonable amplification products with high intensity and pattern stability. A total of 57 DNA fragments (loci) separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels were detected and they ranged in size, from 150 to 900 bp. Out of these fragments, 55 (88%) were polymorphic and 2 (3.5%) monomorphic. Our results also revealed an average of 3.1 loci per primer. A minimum of 1 and maximum of 10 DNA fragments were obtained (S-17, #820 and #841) and (S-31) primers, respectively. Therefore, the later primer (S-31) is considered to be the most powerful primer among the tested ones. The genetic distance matrix showed an average distance range of between 0.05 and 0.76. The maximum genetic distance value of 0.76 (24% similarity) was exhibited between the (Shami and Marawi.Hamadani.Adi) as well as (Bairuti and Marawi.Hamadani.Adi) genotypes. On the other hand, the lowest genetic distance of 0.05 (95% similarity) was exhibited between (Jandali.Tawel.Mofarad and Jandali. Kurawi.Mlzlz) along with (Shami.Aswad and Shami.mtartash. mlwn) genotypes. Furthermore, the UPGMA dendrogram generally clusters the grape cultivars into eight major clusters in addition to an isolated genotype. Based on these figures, the cultivars tested in this study could be characterized by large divergence at the DNA level. This is taking the assumption that our region has a very rich and varied clonal grape genetic structure.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.973-981
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• 2022

'Shine Muscat' (Vitis labruscana Bailey x Vitis vinifera L.) grapes recently have been greatly favored in Korea, and as of 2022, account for 38.6% of the total grape market in Korea. However, there is a lack of research on post-harvest quality control appropriate to the unique characteristics of 'Shine Muscat'. In order to continuously increase domestic demand and exports in the future, it is essential to establish proper postharvest techniques. Essential oils have remarkable potential as biologically active and environmentally friendly antiseptics for the fruit industry. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of essential oils and aroma constituent treatment on fruit quality attributes of 'Shine Muscat' grapes in order to extend fruit quality during a simulated export period. A cluster of 'Shine Muscat' grapes was placed in a newly developed paper box container, and treated with rosemary essential oil, thyme essential oil, and linalool, along with an untreated control. The results showed no significant effect on fruit quality indices, such as cluster weight loss, berry firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, sugar acid ratio, and color change, but showed a positive effect on the alleviation of berry shatter compared to the untreated control. In addition, rosemary oil treatment reduced the proportion of unhealthy berries. Therefore, the results indicated that the newly developed packaging container along with certain essential oil treatment could be applied as a promising packaging material for table grape export.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-obesity effects of grape seed extract (GSE) supplement in C57BL/6J mice. Thirty mice were divided into three groups; normal diet control group (ND), high fat diet control group (HD) and high fat diet plus grape seed extract supplemented group (HD+GSE). Results were as follows: 1. GSE supplement reduced the weight gain in mice fed high fat diets; epididymal and back fat weights, were lower compared to non-supplemented HD group. 2. Blood lipid concentrations were lower in the HD+GSE group than in the HD group. Serum HDL-C concentrations were higher in the HD+GSE group compared with the other groups. 3. The concentrations of acid-insoluble acylcarnitines, (AIAC) in serum and liver were higher in the HD+GSE group than in the HD group. 4. GSE supplementation increased mRNA levels of lipolytic genes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-l (CPT-1) and decreased mRNA levels of lipogenic genes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). These findings suggest that grape seed extract supplements in high fat diet might normalize body weight, epididymal and back fat weights, lipid concentrations, and carnitine levels through controlling lipid metabolism.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

Several postharvest diseases of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) occur during storage, and gray mold rot is a particularly severe disease because the causal agent, Botrytis cinerea, grows at temperatures as low as $0^{\circ}C$. Other postharvest diseases, such as those caused by Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp., also often lead to deterioration in the quality of table grapes after harvest. The use of plant essential oils such as thymol and linalool, to reduce postharvest diseases in several kinds of fruits, including table grapes and oranges, has received much attention in European countries. However, to the best of our knowledge there has been no report of the use of thymol fumigation to control gray mold in table grapes in Korea. Thymol ($30{\mu}g/mL$) and linalool ($120{\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of B. cinerea. The occurrence rate of gray mold rot of B. cinerea and other unknown fungi was significantly reduced by fumigation with $30{\mu}g/mL$ thymol in several table grape cultivars, such as Campbell early, Muscat Bailey A, Sheridan, and Geobong. In this study, fumigation with $30{\mu}g/mL$ thymol, had no influence on the sugar content and hardness of grapes, but reduced fungal infection significantly. This suggests that $30{\mu}g/mL$ thymol could be utilized to reduce deterioration of grapes due to gray mold and other fungal infections during long-term storage.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2017

We report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure optimized for 'Kyoho' that is a major table grapevine cultivar in Korea, and its transgenic plants with antifreeze protein gene of carrot (DcAFP). The full length of DcAFP coding region in accordance with the previous report was isolated from young leaves of carrot and recombined into a plant transformation vector. Ethylene inhibitors such as silver nitrate and aminoethoxyvinylglycin (AVG) supplemented in a co-cultivation medium distinctly increased frequency of shoot regeneration when explants were sub-cultured in a selection medium: particularly ten-fold higher in treatment with 0.1 mg/L AVG than one without ethylene inhibitor. Among various antibiotics and their concentrations, the combination of 150 mg/L cefotaxime plus 150 mg/L $Clavamox^{TM}$ was selected for elimination of Agrobacterium cells in addition to minimization of adverse effect on shoot regeneration, while 50 mg/L kanamycin monosulfate effectively suppressed regeneration of non-transgenic shoots. Applying the elucidated culture condition, we finally obtained a total of 5 transgenic 'Kyoho' plantlets with DcAFP, of which integration with the grapevine genome and transcription was confirmed by nucleic acid analyses.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2010

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase(DFR)는 flavonoid 생합성 경로의 가장 중심부에 작용하는 효소로 2R,3R-trans-dihydroflavonols로부터 leucoanthocyanidins 으로의 변환을 촉매한다. 본 연구에서는 색소유전자의 전이를 통하여 새로운 색소발현체계를 가진 품종을 육종하기 위한 기초연구로 안개초 (Gypsophila paniculata L.)의 꽃봉오리로부터 cDNAlibrary를 합성하였고 카네이션의 DFR 유전자를 probe로 사용하여 anthocyanin 합성경로의 중요 효소의 하나인 DFR 유전자를 분리하였다. 염기서열분석을 수행하여 분리유전자의 크기가 1279 bp이며 이 중 coding region은 1063 bp임을 확인하였다. 이미 밝혀진 다른 식물체의 DFR 유전자와 서로 염기서열의 일치성을 비교해 본 결과 Cheddar pink, 카네이션, 양배추, 개나리, 페튜니아, cup flower, 장미, 과꽃 및 거베라에서 각각 62% 이상을 나타내었다. 분리유전자의 발현을 확인하기 위하여 Northern blot 분석 및 인위적으로 기내에서의 transcription과 translation을 수행하였고, 분리한 유전자의 효소활성을 측정해 본 결과 leucopelargonidin의 작은 peak를 확인하였다. Southern blot 분석 결과 안개초의 DFR 유전자는 다른 대부분의 식물체와 유사하게 한 개가 존재함을 확인하였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2013

포도 4배체 'Fujiminori'에 3배체 'Summer Black'을 인공교배하여 얻은 미숙배의 발아 및 식물체 분화를 목적으로 MS 배지에 $GA_3$와 Coconut water(CW)를 농도별로 첨가하여 배배양을 실시하였다. 'Fujiminori'에 'Summer Black'을 교배하여 64.3%의 미숙배를 얻을 수 있었고, 미숙배를 기내 배양한 결과 $GA_3$ 모든 처리구(0.01, 0.05, 0.25, $1.25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)에서는 95% 이상의 발아율을 나타내었으나, 15.8-31.6%만이 정상적인 식물체로 생장하였다. 또한 $GA_3$의 농도가 높아질수록 하배축은 신장되었고, 비대생장은 억제되었다. CW 모든 처리구(5, 10, 15, 20%) 중에 CW 10%와 CW 15% 처리구에서는 각각 68.4%와 66.7%로 많은 식물체를 획득할 수 있었다. 또한 줄기의 길이생장, 마디수, 발근수는 CW 10% 처리구에서, 뿌리길이는 CW 15% 처리구에서 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 포도 4배체 'Fujiminori'와 3배체 'Summer Black'의 인공교배를 통해 얻어진 미숙배의 발아 및 생장을 위해서는 CW 10-15%를 첨가한 MS 배지를 이용한 배배양이 효과적이다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2007

To investigate whether phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) plays a role in adaptive response of post-harvest fruit to environment, a PLD gene was firstly cloned from grape berry (Vitis Vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay) using RT-PCR and 3'- and 5'-RACE. The deduced amino acid sequence (809 residues) showed 84.7% identity with that of PLD from Ricinus communis. The secondary structures of this protein showed the characteristic C2 domain and two active sites of a phospholipid-metabolizing enzyme. The PLD activity and its expression in response to heat acclimation were then assayed. The results indicated PLD was significantly activated at enzyme activity, as well as accumulation of PLD mRNA and synthesis of new PLD protein during the early of heat acclimation, primary suggesting that the grape berry PLD may be involved in the heat response in post-harvest grape berry. This work offers an important basis for further investigating the mechanism of post-harvest fruit adaptation to environmental stresses.