• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2003

Although flounder is one of the most important marine fish for aquaculture in Korea, feeding the flounder in commercial farms depends mainly on moist pellet in which over 70% frozen fishes (e.g. frozen horse mackerel) are incorporated in its formulation. Therefore, for further expansion of flounder farming, it is essential to employ practical formulated feeds that can support reasonable growth. Development of nutritionally balanced and cost-effective feeds is dependant on the information about nutritional requirement and feed utilization of the species. Nutrient and energy source in feed are needed for the growth and maintenance of fish. Protein is probably the most important nutrient affecting fish growth and feed cost. Therefore, it is essential to determine the optimum dietary protein level for the growth of fish, both its high proportion in the feed and because it is the main factor in determining feed cost. Dietary energy level is also critical because protein source in the feed is utilized as an energy source when the feed deficient in energy is fed to fish, whereas when the feed excess in energy is fed to fish, feed consumption decreased and resulted in growth reduction due to lack of other necessary nutrients for normal growth. Improper dietary protein, energy levels and/or their ratio will lead to an increase of fish production cost and deterioration of water quality resulting from wasted feed; thus, they are important in formulating commercial feed. Dietary lipids play important roles in providing energy and essential fatty acid for normal growth and survival of fish. Although carbohydrates are not essential nutrients for carnivorous fish, these compounds play important roles as a low-cost energy source for protein sparing and also as a feed binder. Nutrition researches for flounder have identified its requirements of protein, lipid and essential fatty acid, vitamin, and minerals for normal growth. Other studies have also been carried out to investigate the utilization of the protein, lipid and carbohydrate sources. Based on these nutritional information obtained, practical feed formulations have been studied for improve aquaculture production of flounder. The results of the researches on utilization of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate by flounder are discussed in this review.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the association of dietary behaviors, serum lipid profiles according to the progression of angiographically evaluated atherosclerosis. The subjects were 32 male patients aged 59-80 yrs living in the Daegu area who underwent initial angiography for their lower extremities. We classified the subjects into two groups according to the seriousness of iliac lesions based on angiographic results : Group I (lower lesion group) and Group II (higher lesion group). Dietary habits were evaluated by 10-item questionnaires. Daily food intake of each subject was assessed by the 24-hour recall method. There were no significant differences in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels between the two groups. The food habit score of Group II was significantly lower than that of Group I (P<0.001). Group II showed significantly lower dietary habit scores in the consumption of fish and bean product (P<0.001), seaweed product (P<0.01), and salt use (P<0.001) than those of Group I. Dietary intake of vitamin C was significantly lower in Group II (P<0.01). Our results indicate that the more serious of atherosclerotic lesions the patients had, the poorer dietary habits they exhibited. Therefore, medical nutrition therapy for atherosclerotic patients should emphasize maintaining a balanced diet by consuming more fishes, beans, and seaweed as well as by reducing salt intake.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.763-772
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• 2011

This study evaluated the antioxidative activity and quality characteristics of Sulgidduk (traditional rice cakes) prepared with ramie leaf powder, in order to measure the antioxidative activity of ramie leaves, which are a potentially useful antioxidant food. Antioxidant activities were measured by total phenolic contents, the scavenging activities of DPPH radicals and ABTS+ radicals, and the reducing power. The total phenolic content of freeze dried ramie leaves was estimated at $58.70{\pm}11.42mg$ GAE/g. The $IC_{50}$ values for DPPH radicals and the ABTS+ radical scavenging activity of the ramie leaves were $23.76{\pm}1.41ug/mL$ and $174.82{\pm}6.4ug/mL$, respectively. The leaves also showed a high reducing power of $1.1057{\pm}0.03$ (O.D). To increase the utilizability of ramie leaf, we made Sulgidduk with added ramie leaf powder. Re-grading the quality characteristics of the altered Sulgidduk, the 3% and 5% addition levels most satisfied texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation. The antioxidative effect of the Sulgidduk significantly increased as the addition level increased, compared to the original Sulgidduk. In term of DPPH radical scavenging activity, the 5% or more addition level Sulgidduk showed an antioxdative effect increase of more than 50%. At the 3% or higher addition level, there was higher antioxidant activity than in the positive control group, which included vitamin C and BHT additions. We thus concluded that Sulgidduk with added ramie leaf power can be manufactured as a food that can satisfy sensory preferences as well as boosting antioxidant activity, at both the 3% and 5% addition level.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2014

This study investigated factors affecting the bone mineral density (BMD) of Korean young adult women (20~30 yrs) living in Seoul, according to the state of employment. Data on BMD and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) (2010~2011). BMD of the working group (WG) was generally higher than that of the non-working group (NWG). The prevalence of osteopenia, and osteoporosis between the groups was 29.0/31.5%, and 12.9/18.5% from 20~29 yrs as well as 25.5/24.1%, and 20.2/20.5% from 30~39 yrs, respectively. From 20~29 yrs, prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the WG was lower than that of the NWG. Alkaline phosphatase activity of the WG was lower than that of the NWG. In the WG, from 20~29 yrs, total femur BMD showed significant positive correlations with waist circumstance and BMI. In the NWG, from 20~29 yrs, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMDs showed significant positive correlations with weight and fat mass, whereas they showed significant negative correlations with vitamin D. In the WG, from 30~39 yrs, total femur and femoral neck BMDs showed significant positive correlations with weight and free fat mass. The results of this study show that BMD of young adult women is insufficient regardless of their employment status. Therefore, practical and systematic programs are required to improve the BMD of young adult women as well as to maintain healthy bone levels.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of osteoarthritis as well as assess the risk factors associated with osteoarthritis in Koreans over 65 years using data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2012. Of the participants from KNHANES V, a total of 3,479 subjects were analyzed using SPSS statistics complex samples (Windows ver. 21.0). Osteoarthritis was more frequently found in female (32.5%) or rural (26.8%) groups than male (9.3%) or urban (20.3%) groups. Mean age of the osteoarthritis group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. Mean values of BMI and waist circumference were significantly higher in the osteoarthritis group than in the normal group, whereas height, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were not. Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) was significantly higher in the normal group than in the osteoarthritis group. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that obesity and vitamin A/riboflavin intakes were significantly related to the prevalence of osteoarthritis, whereas smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, anemia, and diabetes were not. This study suggests that obesity and nutrient intakes were associated with osteoarthritis, whereas chronic diseases such as hyper-lipidemia, anemia, and diabetes as well as health habits were not. Prospective research of long-term control is needed to establish the effects of those factors on the osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2018

We evaluated the antioxidant activity and neuronal cell-protective effect of fucoidan extract from Ecklonia cava (FEC) on hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced cytotoxicity in PC-12 and MC-IXC cells to assess its protective effect against oxidative stress. Antioxidant activities were examined using the ABTS radical scavenging activity and malondialdehyde-inhibitory effect, and the results showed that FEC had significant antioxidant activity. Intracellular ROS contents and neuronal cell viability were investigated using the DCF-DA assay and MTT reduction assay. FEC also showed remarkable neuronal cell-protective effect compared with vitamin C as a positive control for both $H_2O_2$-treated PC-12 and MC-IXC cells. Based on the neuronal cell-protective effects, mitochondrial function was analyzed in PC-12 cells, and FEC significantly restored mitochondrial damage by increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$) and ATP levels and regulating mitochondrial-mediated proteins (p-AMPK and BAX). Finally, the inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is a critical hydrolyzing enzyme of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cholinergic system, were investigated ($IC_{50}$ value = 1.3 mg/ml) and showed a mixed (competitive and noncompetitive) pattern of inhibition. Our findings suggest that FEC may be used as a potential material for alleviating oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage by regulating mitochondrial function and AChE inhibition.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

The present study was aimed at evaluating whether white rice consumption has any association with selected measures of dietary intake and nutrients, including various variables of energy intake, major vitamin, mineral intakes, and the risk of health characteristics for over 60 years older. A total of 1,433 subjects (658 male and 775 females) 60 years or older from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey(KNHANES) 2010 participated and the Food Commodity Intake Database were used in this study. Levels of percent energy intake from rice were classified into 4 groups (R1, R2, R3, R4 groups: 25% of each) between male and female elderly using data from KNHANES. One of the interesting findings was that the higher rice consumers had a significantly sufficient intakes of a range of nutrients such as total energy intake, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, mineral, sodium, potassium, and niacin in female elderly, but not much in male. Other finding was that as the higher intake of rice group, prevalence of hypertension (53.5%, 63.4%, 50.3%, 46.3%, p=0.035), dyslipidemia (16.6%, 18.0%, 14.5%, 11.1%, p=0.008), sarcopenia (46.1%, 46.1%, 40.2%, 28.8%, p=0.012), sarcopenic obesity (25.4%, 31.5%, 23.7%, 15.5%, p=0.008) were significantly less than other groups in female, but not much in male. In conclusion, we obtained valuable basic information on recommended rice-centered diet could give us good nutritional status and eventually bring the prevention of some chronic diseases in elderly, especially in female.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2007

To evaluate the seasonal differences of nutrient intake and serum biochemical indices (total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL- cholesterol, TG, MDA : malondialdehyde, TAS : total antioxidant status, folate) in Korean college women with a mean age of 20.15y, this study was conducted twice: once in winter and a second time in summer. Anthropometric assessment was also measured in the two seasons. As a result body fat mass (p<0.05), body fat% (p<0.05), and abdominal fat% (p < 0.01) in the summer were significantly lower than those in winter. Intake of fat (p < 0.05), polyunsaturated fatty acid (p < 0.01), zinc (p < 0.05), and vitamin E (p < 0.05) were at significantly higher levels in the summer period compared with the winter period. In addition, nutrients with an intake level less than 75% RI of KDRIs were folate in winter and calcium, and folate in the summer. Total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol in summer, according to lipid profiles, were significantly lower than those in winter. Although MDA, one of the products of lipid peroxidation, remained unchanged, TAS was significantly higher in summer than in winter. The level of folate in summer showed significantly lower than that in winter. The present study suggests that nutrient intake of college women women differs according to the seasons and anthropometric indices and serum biochemical indexes were associated with seasons. Thus nutritional education programs on the basis of season are needed for college women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.194-206
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• 1999

This study inrestigated the dietary behavior, nutritional intake, and health status of industrial workers. Two hundred seventy workers(165 men and 105 women) in Masan, who were provided food services were selected as survey subjects. They were given questionnaires on nutrition knowledge, food frequency questionnaires, and blood analysis were conducted through an annual health examination from May to August 1998. The average age of the subjects was $35.7\pm{11.8}$ years, and 80% the of women were in their teens and 20's and 80% of men were in their 30's and 40's. The nutrition knowledge score was higher in women than in men, while food habit score was higher in men than in women. As age increase, the degree of life stress became lower and food habit score was higher in men than in women. As age increases, the degree of life stress became lower and food habit was improved. In women, all nutrient intakes were avove the recommended dietary allowances(RDA), and in men intakes of only vitamin E and calcium were under RDA. Levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose, blood pressure, body mass index were positively related to age. The number of subjects suspected of having chronic disease was the highest for those in their 40's. The results indicate that nutritional status of industrial workers in the present study was fairly good probably due to food services, but their health status should be supervised as their age increases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between iron deficiency without anemia and physical performance in healthy women aged 20-21 yrs. Ten subjects with normal iron stores (serum ferritin $\geq$ 12$\mu\textrm{g}$/L: iron-sufficient group) and 11 subjects with iron depletion without anemia (serum ferritin < 12 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L and serum hemoglobin > 120 g/L: iron-depleted group) were chosen from a group of 50 women and were given physical-performance tests, including determinations of maximum oxygen consumption (VO$_2$ max) and ventilatory threshold. Iron status assessment included determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, seam ferritin, total iron-binding rapacity, serum iron and transferrin saturation values. Dietary iron intake was assessed based on seven-day food intake records written by the subjects. Physical activity level was estimated by frequency questionnaires and two-week physical activity records were compiled daily by the subjects. Blood ferritin concentration was significantly lower in the iron-depleted group than in the iron-sufficient group (p < 0.05). However, other variables showing iron status was not different between the groups. There were no significant differences in body size, body composition and physical activity levels between the groups. Daily dietary iron, total protein and animal protein intakes of the iron-sufficient group were significantly higher than those of the iron depleted group. However, no differences were found in the amount of dietary vitamin C and fiber between the groups. The values for VO$_2$max and VO$_2$max corrected with weight or fat-free mass were not different between the groups. However, the ventilatory threshold was significantly higher in the iron sufficient group than in the iron-depleted group. The lower ventilatory threshold in the iron-depleted group suggests that iron depletion without anemia could diminish aerobic physical performance in young women. In addition, a significant correlation of physical performance to serum fferritin level was shown only in the iron depleted group.