• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.507-516
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on the iron contents and oxidative stress of the rats. Rats were fed 18g ascorbic acid and 300IU $\alpha$-tocopherol/kg diet, respectively. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 month of age. The blood, liver and brain were selected for the quantitation of iron and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents, glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx), superoxided dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activity. Iron and MDA contents and GSHPx activities were increased with aging. Vitamin C and Vitamin E supplementation increased iron contents of the plasma. Vitamin C raised iron contents, but vitamin E decreased iron contents of the liver. In the brain vitamin C and vitamin E did not affect the iron level. MDA levels were decreased with vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation in the erythrocyte and liver, and vitamin C supplementation elevated MDA levels in the brain. GSHPx activity was increased with vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation. SOD activities of erythroucyte and brain were not affected with age, but in the liver, SOD activity was raised with age and vitamin C supplementation. Vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation promoted CAT activity of erythroucyte and liver, and CAT activity of brain was eleveated with vitamin addition but was decreaed with vitamin E addition. Vitamin C and vitamin E decreased iron contents of blood plasma, MDA contents of plasma and liver, and CAT activity of erythrocyte. Above results indicated that iron contents and biomarkers of oxidative stress were more affected by age than antioxidant action of vitamin C and vitamin E.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of vitamin A on the lipid composition in rats fed Zn-deficient diets. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 5 experimental diets for 7 weeks. Rats were fed Zn-and vitamin A-deficient diet or the same diets supplemented with various levels of vitamin. A liver total lipid, cholesterol and triglycerides contents tended to decrease in Zn-deficient rats, but the supplementation of excess vitamin A enhanced those contents. Plasma cholesterol content was significantly higher in feeding Zn-deficient and excess vitamin A diet. Plasma triglyceride and phospolipid contents were higher in Zn-deficient groups, but not influenced by dietary levels of vitamin. A . Plasma HDL-cholesterol content was not changed by Zn-deficient diets. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly reduced in Zn-deficient groups. Zinc contents of plasma and liver were influenced by the dietary level of zinc, but not changed by supplementation of vitamin A.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 1991

This study was performed to examine the effect of excess vitamin A feeding on lipid profile and vitamin A content of rats. 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats. weighing 114.1$\pm$0.9g, were divided into control and excess vitamin A group, and fed experimental diet for 6 weeks. In the excess vitamin A group, the level of vitamin A was 400, 000 1.U./kg diet(100 times of standard level). It was observed that vitamin A excess group had higher levels of plasma total lipid, total cholesterol, and trighlyceride and lower HDL ratio, indicating a high risk to coronary heart disease. In the liver, total CHOL and TG content were also high, and fatty liver was produced by excess Vitamin A. Vitamin A contents of organs were higher when excess vitamin A was given. These results suggested that excess vitamin A could be a dietary factor increasing the lipid contents of plasma and liver. Therefore, it could be said that vitamin A megadose can be one of the risk factors to coronary heart disease.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2023

Vitamin D3 is an essential nutrient which plays an important role in calcium metabolism for eggshell formation, in calcium and phosphorus metabolism for bone mineralization, and in maintaining host immunity. Although there have been a great deal of studies investigating the role of vitamin D3 in eggshell quality and vitamin D3 contents in eggs, no attempts have been made to monitor the eggshell quality and vitamin D3 contents in eggs at farm level. Thus, this survey was conducted to measure eggshell quality and vitamin D3 contents in eggs laid from laying hens fed diets containing different levels of vitamin D3. Eggs from four commercial laying hen farms were sampled before and 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks after provision of the vitamin D3-enriched diets added with the level of 16,500 IU and 29,000 IU. Dietary vitamin D3 did not affect the eggshell color and breaking strength, but increase the eggshell thickness. In addition, vitamin D3 contents in eggs were elevated as vitamin D3 in diets was increased. It is concluded that addition of dietary vitamin D3 into the diets of laying hens at the commercial laying hen farms could improve eggshell quality and vitamin D3 contents in eggs. It is expected that the prediction equation for egg vitamin D3 contents might be produced if more data on vitamin D3 contents in diets and eggs at the farms are to be analyzed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.1 s.85
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• pp.75-83
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to investigate effect of blanching time on changes in vitamin and mineral contents in leafy vegetables treated by different pesticides. Vitamin A content of fresh leafy vegetables was high whorled mallow > chard > spinach in order and vitamin C content of those was high spinach > whorled mallow > chard in order. Vitamin A and C contents of leafy vegetables treated by non-systemic pesticide were higher than those of leafy vegetables treated by systemic pesticide. Changes in vitamin A and C contents of leafy vegetables treated by systemic pesticide and non-systemic pesticide showed a similar trend. Vitamin A content significantly increased, while vitamin C content significantly decreased by conventional blanching. Changes in mineral contents in leafy vegetables treated by systemic pesticide and non-systemic pesticide showed a similar trend. Upon conventional blanching, Mg in spinach, Mg and Ca in chard and whorled mallow slightly increased, while K in all leafy vegetables remarkably decreased, and Se in spinach slightly decreased and Se in other vegetables remarkably decreased. On the other hand, Na, P, Fe, Cu and Zn in all leafy vegetables slightly decreased or did not show any change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 contents and xanthine oxidase activity in acute cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and three cadmium injected groups. Cadmium injected groups were fed vitamin E free diet(0E Cd group), 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(40E Cd group) or 400mg vitamin E per kg diet(400E Cd group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0mg Cd2+/kg bw for 4 days after the rats were fed diets with three different levels of vitamin E for 2 and 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake and feed efficiency ratio of cadmium injected animals, were decreased compared with those of normal group. The weights of liver and kidney in cadmium injected groups were not different from those of normal group. Cadmium contents of liver in cadmium groups were 160 fold higher those that of normal group. Accumulation of cadmium poisoned rat liver was reduced by vitamin E supplementation. Contents of blood hemoglobin and hematocrit in 0E Cd groups were decreased to 2~ 14% of those of the other groups. Contents of serum triglyceride in all experimental groups were not significantly different each other. Levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and antherogenic index in 0E Cd and 40E Cd groups were higher than those of normal group, while the contents of HDL cholesterol in 0E Cd and 40E Cd groups were lower than those of normal group. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity and cytochrome P450 contents in the liver were significantly increased in cadmium injected groups but these were reduced by vitamin E supplementations. The present results indicate that acute cadmium poisoning in rats causes increasing free radical generation systems in the liver and that leads to liver tissue damage. But these abnormalities can be reduced by dietary vitamin E supplementations.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.472-479
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• 1974

In order to study the influence of sulphur-compound on the vitamin C contents of different vegetables-i.e. Korean green pepper, leaf, Bilum, leaf, Soybean sprouts, Mung bean sprouts, Cucumber-the garlic powder and minced garlic were used while the vegetables were cooked. The results garlic juice during scaling the vegetables the vitamin C contents of them were higher as much as 9.2~12.7% 2. When the scaled vegetables were seasoned the vitamin C contents were higher as much as 8.9~`17.5% by adding garlic powder and 7.3~14.9% by adding minced garlic. 3. Vitamin C loss of the cooked vegetables with room condition for 30 min, was higher as much as 15.2~34.5% compared to just cooking. 4. Vitamin C contents of vegetables after 30 min from cooking, compared to just cooking were higher of vegetables after 30 min from cooking, compared to just cooking were higher as much as shown below. 1) ~13.3% by adding garlic powder. 2) 4.0~9.3% by adding minced garlic.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1440-1445
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• 1998

In order to investigate the vitamin I intake of exclusively breast-fed infants, we examined 33 lactating women and their infants at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months of lactation. Vitamin E contents of human milk were determined by HPLC analysis. Vitamin E contents of the milk showed 539, 520, 464, 422, 409 and 351$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1 during the lactation respectively. Vitamin E contents of the human milk were not affected by energy, lipid and protein consumption of lactating women. Vitamin E intake of breast-fed infants averaged 3375 and 269$\mu\textrm{g}$/day in boys and girls during the first 5 months of lactation. Vitamin E intake per body weight of breast-fed infants appeared 725, 752, 600, 461, 420 and 334$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day respectively. We conclude that breast-fed infants most likely receives adequate vitamin E from the human milk compared with recommended dietary allowances for Korean infants. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1440-1445, 1998)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1988

The study was carried out to determine the effects of long term dietary administration of vitamin A and ethanol on the changes of liver lipids in rats. Sixty rats were devided into 4 groups; $200{\mu}g$ vitamin A (group 1), $200{\mu}g$ vitamin A with ethanol (group 2), $2,000{\mu}g$ vitamin A (group 3), $2,000{\mu}g$ vitamin A with ethanol (group 4). Generally the contents of vitamin A in the liver were decreased in the group 4 as compared with the group 3. The contents of the liver vitamin A in the group 3 were increased linearly in accordance with duration of the vitamin A administration, however, the degree of accumulation of vitamin A in the group 4 showed lower than those in the group 3. The contents of total cholesterol in the liver of the group 3 were rather higher than those in the group 4. The contents of triglyceride in the liver of the group 3 were lower than those of the group 4. Histological pictures in the group 1 and 2 showed nonspecific during 3 times (8 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks) experiment. Pictures of fatty liver were found after 8 weeks in the group 3 and the degree of fatty accumulation showed increased with time.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.803-812
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• 1997

The influences of dietary supplements of vitamin E on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis have been studied, Placental glutathione S-transferase(GST-P) positive foci area, antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase(GST)), glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activities, and lipid peroxidation of mecrosomes(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) contents) were investigated. For is purpose , we used the murine chemical hepatocardinogenic procedure induced by modified Ito model, which consists of 200mg/kg body weight diethylinitrosamine (DEN) injection, 0.01% 2-acethlaminoflurene(2-AAF) feeding for 6 weeks, and partial hepatectomy on week 3. Weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed pulverized Purina rat chow with 15, 000IU/kg diet vitamin E from initiation or promotion stages. We found that vitamin E supplement decreased the area of GST-P positive foci. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase. GST activities, and TBARS contents were decreased. On the other hand G6Pase activities were increased by vitamin E supplement. It seemed that vitamin E supplements helped endogenous defense systems against carcinogenesis by decreasing TBARS contents, $H_2O$$_2$ and organic peroxides. So, vitamin E seemed to protect cell from free radical damage in carcinogenesis. Anticarcinogenic effects of vitamin E were more effective at intiation that at promotion stage. These results suggest that vitamin E has suppressive effects on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis, probably through antioxidant effects against TBARS contents $H_2O$$_2$ and orgainc peroxides.