• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2009

Osteoporosis is characterized by impaired osteogenesis. BMD is a major determinant of bone strength. The role of the VDR gene in predisposition to primary osteoporosis has been recognized. However, population-based case-control studies have been reported controversial results for known candidate genes in an ethnically distinct group. To determine the genetic effects of VDR variants on osteoporosis and BMD, we directly sequenced the VDR gene in 24 unrelated Korean individuals and identified eighteen sequence variants. We investigated the potential involvement of eight SNPs in osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (n = 729). Two SNPs (LD) in intron 2, -5294G>C (rs2238135) and -4817G>A (rs17882443) showed the evidence of association with enhanced BMD of the femoral neck ($p_{additive}$=0.031 for rs2238135; $p_{additive}$=0.017 and $p_{dominant}$= 0.019 for 17882443). Moreover, VDR -4817G>A was significantly associated with protective effect on all fracture risk ($p_{recessive}$=0.035, OR=0.2, 95% CI=$0.05{\sim}0.89$), and tended to be higher BMD values at various proximal femur sites. Therefore, we suggest that the -4817G>A may be useful genetic marker for vitamin D-related metabolism and may have an important role in the increased BMD of the proximal femur in postmenopausal Korean women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.498-508
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with a higher risk of hypertension (HTN); however, it remains unclear whether the relationship is causal. We aimed to evaluate the causal effects of circulating 25(OH)D levels on the prevalence of HTN in the Korean population using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Epidemiological data, serum 25(OH)D data, and genomic DNA biospecimens were obtained from 2,591 participants, a subset of the study population in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2011-2012. Five 25(OH)D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; DHCR7 rs12785878, CYP2R1 rs10741657, CYP2R1 rs12794714, CYP24A1 rs6013897, and GC rs2282679), identified a priori from genome-wide association studies, were used as instrument variables (IVs) for serum 25(OH)D levels. In the MR analysis, we performed IV analyses using the two-stage least squares method. RESULTS: In the observational analysis, circulating 25(OH)D levels were found to be inversely associated with the HTN prevalence in ordinary least squares models (odds ratio: 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 0.99) after adjusting for the potential confounders. There were differences in the circulating 25(OH)D levels across genotypes of individual SNPs. In the MR analysis, using individual SNPs as IVs, 25(OH)D levels were not associated with the HTN prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between genetically determined circulating 25(OH)D levels and HTN in Korean adults. Our results are listed owing to the relatively small sample size and possible weak instrument bias; therefore, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.93-105
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• 1993

본 연구는 31 일령 broiler 병아리에 297 nm의 자외선을 조사하여 경과시간에 따라 다리의 피부를 채취하고 previtamin D$_3$(PreD$_3$), lumistero1$_3$(고), tachysterol$_3$(T$_3$), Vitamin D$_3$(VD$_3$) 및 provitaminD$_3$ (PreD$_3$) 함양을 측정코저 실시되었다. Broiler Hubbard계통 1일령 병아리 82수(2조사시간$\times$9 경과시간$\times$4회복＋10대조구)를 무창약등 육계사에 넣고 VD-결핍사료로 315간 사육한 후 조사선양 0.204mJ/$ extrm{cm}^2$ (30분 조사) 또는 0.409mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$(60분 조사)로 UVB 등을 조사하였으며 0, 6, 12, 18, 30, 42, 66, 90또는 138시간 후에 다리의 피부를 채취하였다. 9% ethyl acetate/n-hexane으로 처리하여 지질을 추출하였으며 Sep-Pak silica cartridge로 정제한 후 순상 HPLC로 PreD$_3$, L$_3$, T$_3$, VD$_3$ 및 ProD$_3$의 함양을 분석하였다. UVB를 조사하지 않은 대조구 병아리의 다리 피부중에는 PreD$_3$, L$_3$, T$_3$, VD$_3$가 검출되지 않았으며 PreD$_3$ 함양은 966$\pm$89ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$이었다. 0.204 또는 0.409mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$(30분 또는 60분) .조사시 다리 피부중 PreD$_3$의 mole %(절대함량 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$)는 열사직후 각각 4.67%(44ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) 또는 3.97%(37ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$)이었으며 시간이 경과됨에 따라 점차 감소되었다. 병아리의 다리 피부 면적은 25.81$\pm$0.50$\textrm{cm}^2$이었으며 다리 피부전체에서 합성된 PreD$_3$는 각각 0시간대에 961ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 738ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$이었다. 다리 피부중의 은 0시간 경과 시 각각 1.24%(12ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) 또는 0.92%(9ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$)이었으며 시간이 지남에 따라 점차 감소되었다 함량은 각각 0.58%(5ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) 또는 0.57%(6ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$)이었으며 역시 시간의 경과와 더불어 감소되었다. VD$_3$함량은 0시간대에 각각 2.13(21ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) 또는 0.97%(16 ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$), 12시간대에 4.30%(33ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$) 또는 6.40%(76ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$)을 나타내었고 0.204mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 조사시에는 18시간대에, 0.409mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 처리시에는 30시간 후에 최고치를 보였다 PreD$_3$가 VD$_3$로 열전환되는데 각각 18 또는 30시간이 소요된다는 것을 시사한다. 다리 피부중의 PreD$_3$함량은 0시간대에 각각 948또는 815ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$이었으며 대조구의 ProD$_3$ 함량 966ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$에 비하면 18 또는 151ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 PreD$_3$가 PreD$_3$, L$_3$, T$_3$ 및 VD$_3$이성화된 것이다. mole %로 보았을 때는 각각 8.63%, 6.43%가 광합성물로 전변 된 것이다 결논적으로 자외선을 2배 .무사하였을 때 VD$_3$등 광생성물이 2배는 아니지만 더 많이 생성된다는 것이 증명되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2018

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 children with UTI (case group) were compared with 70 healthy children (control group) in terms of serum 25(OH)D levels. The children were between 1 month and 12 years of age. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were analyzed and compared between both groups. Results: Among 70 children with UTI (case group), 5 children (7.2%) were male and 65 (92.8%) were female. Among the healthy children (control group), 9 (12.8%) and 61 children (87.2%) were male and female, respectively (P=0.39). The $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation of age in the case and control groups were $53.2{\pm}35.6$ and $36.1{\pm}60.2months$, respectively (P=0.24). The mean level of serum 25(OH)D in the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group ($20.4{\pm}8.6ng/mL$ vs. $16.9{\pm}7.4ng/mL$, P=0.01) Conclusion: This study showed that there was a relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and UTI in children. It seems that 25(OH)D plays a role in the pathogenesis of UTI.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2017

Objectives: Aging is an unconscious and gradual process that can lead to changes in biological systems. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity are involved in the aging process. Regarding the antioxidant property of black seed oil, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil on d-galactose-induced aging in mice. Methods: For induction of aging, D-galactose (500 mg/kg, subcoutaneously SC) was administrated to male mice for 42 days. Animals were treated with D-galactose alone or with b lack seed oil (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 mL/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). Additionally, vitamin E (200 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. At the end of treatment, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the glutathione (GSH) contents in brain and liver tissues were measured. Also, enzymes in serum, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), were determined. The levels of the proteins Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3 (pro and cleaved) in brain and liver tissues were evaluated. Results: Administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg, SC) for 42 days increased serum levels of ALT and AST, as well as the MDA content, in brain and liver tissues, but decreased the GSH content. Additionally, the levels of apoptotic proteins, including Bax, procaspase-3 and caspase-3 cleaved, were markedly increased. N. sativa oil (0.1 and 0.2 mL/kg) diminished the levels of the biochemical markers ALT and AST. Administration of black seed oil (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mL/kg) reduced lipid peroxidation and at doses 0.1 and 0.2 mL/kg significantly recovered the GSH content. The oil decreased Bax/Bcl2 levels and at 0.1 mL/kg down-regulated the expressions of caspase-3 (pro and cleaved) proteins in brain and liver tissues. Conclusion: Through its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties, black seed oil exhibited an anti-aging effect in a model of aging induced with D-galactose.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.601-610
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• 2003

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin used as a skin conditioning agent and promotes the formation of intercellular lipid layers through increased lipid synthesis, which improves the skin's natural barrier function. The anti-inflammatory effects of biotin have been investigated using in vitro assay models, such as MTT assay, measurements of concentrations of nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE$_2$), and inhibition rate of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX). In comparison with biotin, other plant extracts were tested at the same time which were kudzu vine extract, sage extract, paeonia extract, and dipotassium glycyrrhetinate. Nitric oxide is a signal molecule with functions such as neurotransmission, local vascular relaxation, and anti-inflammation in many physiological and pathological processes. NO can cause apoptosis and necrosis of target cells such as keratinocytes and is generated from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Prostanoids, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes, are generated by the phospholipase $A_2$/cyclooxygenase(COX) pathway, and leukotrienes are generated by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 recently have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of tissue injury and inflammation, also has been implicated as an immunosuppressive agent and plasma levels of PGE$_2$ are elevated in patients sustaining thermal injury. Lipoxygenase metabolites from arachidonic acid have been implicated in inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity of the raw materials was evaluated in vitro by the offered inhibition of lipoxygenase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1463-1469
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• 2020

Objective: The effects of maternal and offspring dietary vitamin A (VA) supplementation on early body weight, digestive tract function and immune function in goslings were studied. Methods: Yangzhou geese (180 d old) were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups of 15 females and 3 males (the males were kept until slaughter). Eggs were collected for hatching during the peak laying period. A total of 96 goslings were selected from each treatment group (each fed a basic diet supplemented with 0, 4,000, 8,000, 12,000 or 16,000 IU/kg VA) and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 8 goslings in each replicate. The gosling diet was supplemented with 0 or 9,000 IU/kg VA. Results: i) Villus length, villus width and the muscle thickness of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were increased and the crypt depth was reduced after adding 12,000 IU/kg VA to the goslings' diet (p<0.05). Adding 9,000 IU/kg VA to the offspring diet increased the length of the duodenal villi and width of the ileum and decreased the crypt depth of the ileum (p<0.05). ii) Supplementing the maternal diet with 12,000 IU/kg VA increased immune organ weight, the immune organ index and immunoglobulin content in goslings (p<0.05). The bursa weight and immunoglobulin G content of offspring were higher in the 9,000 IU/kg VA supplementation group than in the group with no supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Offspring growth and development were affected by the amount of VA added into maternal diet. The negative effect of maternal VA deficiency on offspring can be compensated by adding VA to the offspring diet. Continued VA supplementation in the offspring diet after excessive VA supplementation in the maternal diet is unfavorable for gosling growth and development.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 1996

In order to formulate aqueous multivitamin solutions containing both oil-soluble (A, D, E) and water-soluble vitmains ($B_1,\;B_2,\;B_6,\;B_{12}$, C and niacinamide) in 1ml-dose, the effects of various additives such as cosolvents (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin), a sweetener (sorbitol) and a surfactant (Cremophor$^{\circledR}$ RH40) on the solubility of oil-soluble vitamins in water were evaluated. Cremophor$^{\circledR}$ RH40 showed the excellent capacity on the solubilization of oil-soluble vitamins, and the simultaneous addition of cosolvents and surfactant resulted in synergetic effects on the solubilization of oil-soluble vitamins. The effects of the combination of the cosolvents and sweetener on the stability of multivitamin solutions were also evaluated by determining the amount of vitmain A and $B_1$ remained in the solutions after storing at $40^{\circ}C$ for 9 weeks. The formulation consisting of Cremophor$^{\circledR}$ RH40 15%, PG 20%, and sorbitol 20% resulted in the best stability of vitamin A and $B_1$. The stability of vitamin A and $B_1$ in this formulation was evaluated at 50, 60, and $70^{\circ}C$ up to 40 days. The shelf-lives of vitamin A and $B_1$ in the formulation, calculated using the Arrhenius equation, were 1,521 days and 475 days at $20^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1971

To evaluate the results of nutrition education in high school, the contents of the lunch box of senior high school girls were surveyed. Among 540 students in Attached Senior High School, College of Education, Seoul National University, 403 girls who had carried a lunch box were selected as a subject. All the nutrients except vitamin D given in Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances were calculated for the foods in lunch box and compared with the Recommended Allowances for Korean people, and foods in lunch box were also considered as a food groups. To see how many students had an interest about their own nutrition, people who packed lunch box were also checked. Results are as follows 1) all the nutrients except iron and niacin of lunch box were low when compared with Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances for Korean people 2) Over 50% of calorie, protein, vitamin $B_1$, and niacin were provided by main food-rice, although other nutrients were principally from side dish. 3) Side dishes were few in kinds and chiefly salty foods such as preserved and processed foods were in the lunch box. There was no consideration in cooking method. 4) There may be a fault in nutrition education in high school because, there were only few students who had an interest in their own nutrition.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of Pycnogenol (Pyc) on survival and immune dysfunction of C57BL/6 mice induced by low micronutrient supplementation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57/BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 7.5% of the recommended amount of micronutrients for a period of 12 wks (immunological assay) and 18 wks (survival test). For immunological assay, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine regulation, and hepatic oxidative status were determined. RESLUTS: Pyc supplementation with 50 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}bw{\cdot}d^{-1}$ resulted in partial extension of the median survival time. Pyc supplementation led to increased T and B cell response against mitogens and recovery of an abnormal shift of cytokine pattern designated by the decreased secretion of Th1 cytokine and increased secretion of Th2 cytokine. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly decreased by micronutrient deficiency, in accordance with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation level. However, Pyc supplementation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of hepatic lipid peroxidation, which may result from restoration of hepatic vitamin E level. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that Pyc supplementation ameliorates premature death by restoring immune dysfunction, such as increasing lymphocyte proliferation and regulation of cytokine release from helper T cells, which may result from the antioxidative ability of Pyc.