• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2019

In this study we compared the cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening: MMSE-DS) and nutrient intake of elderly women with dementia in a long-term care facility (EW-LCF) and a day-time care facility (EW-DCF). This survey was conducted from July 2015 to May 2017 on 73 elderly women with dementia (47 women in LCF and 26 women in DCF) in the city of Incheon. The data obtained from interviews with the subjects and caregivers were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0. The total score of the MMSE-DS and intakes of most nutrients in the EW-LCF were significantly lower compared to the EW-DCF (p<0.05). The nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) of protein, vitamin A, C, $B_6$, $B_{12}$, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, calcium and phosphorus in the EW-LCF were significantly lower compared to the EW-DCF (p<0.05). However, the indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) of vitamin C, $B_6$, thiamine, niacin, calcium, magnesium, and iron in the EW-LCF were significantly higher compared to the EW-DCF (p<0.05). As a result, the subjects showed an unbalanced and insufficient nutrition intake status regardless of the type of care facility. Most nutrient intakes of the EW-LCF with lower cognitive function were very significantly lower compared to the EW-DCF (p<0.001). Therefore, it is necessary to assess the cognitive function and nutritional status regularly at care facilities for the elderly women suffering with dementia and to provide specialized individual nutritional management.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the awareness of dietary patterns and health of full-time and employed housewives. The investigation gathered information on general characteristics, dietary lifestyle, nutritional status, and health by questionnaire as well as anthropometric measurements. The subjects included housewives living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province (86 full-time and 127 working housewives) during November 2009 to January 2010. The average age, height, and weight of the housewives were $45.8{\pm}7.6\;yr$, $161.0{\pm}8.4\;cm$, and $55.7{\pm}6.3\;kg$, respectively. The average monthly income of the households was 3 million to 5 million won (31.4% full-time and 37.0% working housewives), and their average food expense was 200,000 to 500,000 won (46.5% full-time and 48.1% working housewives). More than 90% of the studied homes were nuclear families and the most common number of children was 2 to 3 (79.1% full-time and 76.4% working housewives). The ratio of employed housewives who ate regular meals was 35.4%, but that of the full-time housewives was 48.2% (p<0.05). Of the working housewives, 7.1% never ate breakfast and the primary reason for skipping breakfast was 'busy in the morning' (61.1%). The type of food that the housewives preferred when eating out was Korean food, both for the full-time and employed housewives (76.0%). All the housewives overate calories and the full-time housewives ate more protein, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, and cholesterol than the employed housewives (p<0.05). Both the full-time and employed housewives were more satisfied with supper than with other meals. About 30.6% of the full-time and 33.9% of the working housewives had no interest in health, but answered that regular exercise was very important for health (33.3% full-time and 39.7% working housewives). In conclusion, working housewives have poor dietary habits and nutrient intakes, thus substantial measures to improve these problems are urgently needed.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.192-204
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• 2001

Osteoporosis and other related conditions pose a growing public health problem, especially in postmenopausal women. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the correlations among BMD, maternal factors, and life styles, and intake of nutrients in postmenopausal women. One hundred participants in Kyungge-do were divided into three groups according to their BMD measurements measured by DXA. Dietary analysis, anthropometric measurements, and questionares were administered to these women. The percentage of the osteoporosis, osteopenia(Osteopinia), and normal groups were 32%, 48%, and 20% respectively. The average age was significantly the highest in the osteoporosis group. The average age at menopause was 47.2. Osteoporosis group's age at menopause was significantly the lowest. The sleeping hours of the osteoporosis and osteopenia group were significantly longer than the normal group. The intake of vitamin B$_2$was positively correlated with the BMD of femoral neck. The BMD of these two sites was positively correlated with weight, BMI, waist, and hip size and negatively correlated with the length of the menstrual cycle, duration after menopause, the age at the last delivery, and sleeping hours. Spinal BMD positively correlated with hours of outdoor activity. Therefore, maternal factors, lifestyles, and intake of nutrients contribute to BMD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.403-415
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• 2014

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 데이터를 활용하여 우리나라 성인에서 성별 허리둘레를 기준으로 한 복부비만 여부에 따른 혈액지표, 생활습관, 식사섭취 상태 및 식사의 질을 분석한 결과, 남성과 여성 모두에서 허리둘레 기준 복부비만군의 경우 정상군에 비해 대사적 지표 (혈중 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 혈당 및 혈압)가 모두 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 여성 허리둘레 기준 복부비만군에서 비타민 $B_2$, 칼슘, 인 및 칼륨 등 미량영양소 섭취의 질이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고, 식품 섭취의 다양성을 의미하는 식품군 점수 및 총 식품점수도 비만군이 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 여성의 경우 식품 섭취의 다양성 (총 식품점수)이 증가할수록 허리둘레 기준 복부비만 위험도가 유의적으로 낮게 나타난 의미 있는 결과를 도출하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 비만의 관리 및 예방을 위해 영양소의 과부족이 없고 미량영양소의 적절한 공급을 가능하게 하는 다양한 식품의 섭취를 권장할 수 있는 근거자료 및 영양교육의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of vitamin C supplemented in either feed or water on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers during the hot season. For a 6 week feeding trial, a total of 330 broiler chicks (Ross, 4 d old, average 57 g BW) were alloted to five treatments. The treatments of vitamin C (VC) supplementation were 1) 0 ppm VC, 2) 10 ppm VC in feed, 3) 20 ppm VC in feed, 4) 5 ppm VC in water and 5) 10 ppm VC in water. During the starter phase (0-3 week), chicks on non-supplemented group grew slower (p<0.01) than the supplemented ones, and a similar trend was also noted during finisher stage and the overall stage. Feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented groups and higher when fed in feed as compared with water during all stages. But feed conversion efficiency was significantly improved in non-supplemented groups compared to supplemented ones in finisher and overall stage. The digestibility of gross energy and ether extract was significantly (p<0.05) higher during starter phase in supplemented, given in feed, and at higher levels as compared with non-supplemented, given in water, and at lower levels, respectively. The bone resistance was significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented, supplied in feed groups as compared with their counterparts. Except breast meat, the dressing percentage and abdominal fat were also higher in supplemented group and the dressing percentage was significantly (p<0.05) higher in VC supplemented in feed as to water, but no effect of supplementation was noticed on meat color when compared between the methods of feeding (feed vs. water). The levels of VC in plasma and liver increased linearly, as the level of supplementation both in feed and water increased and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in feed group as compared with water group. It can be concluded that, retention and availability of vitamin C in feed was higher than those in water, and supplementation of VC during summer was beneficial for poultry.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to estimate the nutrient intake, dietary habits, and body indices among preschool children. The study subjects were 166 kindergarten children, aged 4 to 6 years. A measurement of the weight, height, chest circumference, and head circumference of the children was conducted. The general home environment and factors related to the eating habits of children were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, outdoor playing time, television watching, family income, and parents education and occupations. Underweight, overweight were defined based on a value of less than 110 and more than 140 on the Rohrer Index, or less than 90 and more than 120 on the weight-length index (WLI). The average Rohrer and WLI for the preschool children were 14.3 $\pm$ 23.2% and 104 $\pm$ 13.5%. Using the WLI, 12.7% of the preschool children were underweight 62.6% were normal, and 24.7% were overweight or obese. On the Rohrer Index, 32.0% of the preschool children were underweight, 34.7% were normal, and 34.1% were overweight or obese. With regard to frequency of regularity of eating breakfast, 2.5% of preschool children skipped breakfast every morning. The risk of being overweight increased in preschool children who had faster eating times. The Rohrer and WLI were negatively related to faster eating times. The average daily energy intake was 1272 Kcal, which corresponded to 79.5% of the Korean RDA. In particular, the average intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin B$_2$ were much lower than the Korean RDAs for each of those nutrients. Children whose mothers had occupations were at greater risk of decreased nutrient intake than those whose mothers were at home. The data presented in this study confirm that, in preschool children, undernutrition remains the nutritional problem of great concern in Korea, even though Koreans are starting to have worrisome rates of overweight. Therefore, during the early years of life, focus should remain on sustaining Proper growth and development.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1973

1. 연세(延世) 조사내용(調査內容)과 근소(近少)한 차(差)는 있으되 그것과 거의 대동소이(大同小異)하여 1인(人) 1일당(日當) 평균(平均) 섭취열량(攝取熱量)은 권장량에 $7{\sim}8%$ 미달(求達)이다. 섭취(攝取)된 열량(熱量)도 시범(示範)(어곳) 부락(部落)의 평균(平均) 84.5%와 비교(比較)(부평) 부락(部落)의 82.2%를 곡류(穀類)에 의존(依存)하고 있는 고로 위(胃)의 부담(負擔)만을 늘여주고 있다. 따라서 소화기계통(消火器系統)의 질병(疾病)도 줄이고 소정(所定)의 열량(熱量)을 섭취(攝取)하기 위(爲)해서는 곡물(穀物)의 일부(一部)를 지방(脂肪)으로 대치(代置)해야 될 것 같다. 2. 체력증진(體力 增進)과 보건향상(保健向上)을 위(爲)해서 가장 중요(重要)한 것이 단백질(蛋白質)인데 이것도 1인(人) 1일당(日當) 평균(平均) 권장량(勸奬量)에 미급(未及)한 68.3% 밖에 섭취(攝取)하지 못하고 있고, 그나마도 곡물성(植物性) 단백(蠶白) 위주(爲主)이다. 동물성(動物性) 단백(蛋白) 대(對) 곡물성단백(植物性蠶白)의 비(比)는 1 : 3이 건강유지(健康維持)에 이상적(理想的)인 것으로 알려져 있는데 그 중(中)의 동물성(動物性) 단백(蛋白)이 겨우 13.6g에 불과(不過)하여 1 : 3의 비(比)에 부족(不足)된다. 3. 무주염류중(無株鹽類中)에서 Ca은 시범부락(示範部落)에서 1인(人) 1일당(日當) 평균(平均) 497.6mg 비교부락(比較部落)에서도 역시(亦是) 8mg의 차(差) 밖에 없는 505.5mg를 섭취(攝取)하고 있는 실정(實情)인데 이것도 권장량에 35%나 미달(未達)되고 섭취(攝取)된 Ca라 할지라도 50% 이상(以上)은 곡류(穀類)나 채소(菜蔬) 등(等)의 곡물성(植物性)이 급원(給源)이다. 따라서 수산등(蓚酸等)이 많은 곡물성(植物崔)에 기인(基因)하는 Ca 는 체력이용도(體內利用度)가 저조(低調)함으로 실질적(實質的)으로는 더욱 부족(不足)할 것으로 예상(豫想)된다. 따라서 양질(良貿)의 Ca 급원(給源)을 보다 많이 섭취(攝取)토륵 노력(努力)해야 할 것이다. Fe는 빈혈(貧血)의 예방(豫防)과 적혈구형성(赤血球形成)에 불가결물(不可缺物)인데 다행(多幸)히도 권장량(勸奬量)을 훨씬 초과(超過)한 147%(두 부락 평균(平均) 흡수율(吸收率) 표(表))나 섭취(攝取)하고 있다. 곡류(穀類)나 채소(菜蔬) 등(等)의 급원(給源)이 풍부(豊富)한 때문이 아닌가 생각된다. 4. Vitamin류(類)에서 Vt-A와 $Vt-B_2$는 각각(各各) 1인(人) 1일당(日當) 40% 와 32%가 권장량(勸奬量)에 미급(末及)한데 반(反)해서 Vt-B_1$은 우연하게도 권장량(勸奬量)을 그리고 niacin은 초과(超過) 섭취(攝取)하고 있는 현상(現象)이다. Vt-C도 훨씬 많은 양(量)이 초과(超過)되고 있다. 그러나 이것은 조리전(調理前)의 재료(材料) 식품(食品)에서 산출(算出)된 것이고 조리시(調理時)의 손실량(損失量)을 고려(考慮)치 않았기 때문에 실지흡수량(實地吸收量)은 이보다는 약간(着干) 적은 양(量)일 것으로 예상(豫想)된다. 또 본조사(本調査)가 5월(月)인고로 계절적(季節的)으로 많은 양(量)이 생산(生産)되는 상추와 시금치 등(等)의 채식급원(菜食給源)이 그 원인(原因)(초과)을 이룬것이 아닌가 생각된다. 이상(以上) 종합적(綜合的)으로 볼 때 한두 가지의 식품(食品)에서 권장량(勸奬量)을 혹은 그 이상(以上)의 양(量)을 섭취(擺取)하고 있는 것을 제외(除外)하며는 전반적(全般的)으로 1인(人) 1일당(日當) 평균권장량(平均勸奬量)에 미달(未達)이고 더군다나 이들 두 부락(部落)은 식생활개선(食生活改善) 시범부락(示範部落)이면서도 곡류의존(穀類依存)의 전통적(傳統的)인 식생활(食生活)에서 벗어나지 못하고 있는 감(感)이 짙다. 개인소득(個人所得)과도 관계(關係)가 크기 때문에 부득이(不得已)하겠지만 각농가(各農家)에서 생산(生産)되는 우유(牛乳)나 양유(羊乳) 또는 계란등(鷄卵等)이 자가소비(自家消費)가 아니고 오히러 시판위주(市販爲主)가 아닌가 생각될 때 앞으로 좀 더 1선농민(1線農民)들의 실지생활(實地生活)에 부합(附合)될 수 있는 새로운 어떤 식생활(食生潘) 개선책(改善策)과 지도(指導)및 계몽(啓蒙)이 적절(適切)히 이루어져야 소기(所期)의 성과(成果)를 얻을 수 있지 않을가 생각된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2005

평균 연령 10.8세인 비만 아동 17명을 대상으로 12주간 영양교육을 중심으로 한 체중조절 프로그램을 실시한 결과 비만도와 BMI에서는 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았으나 허리둘레 및 엉덩이 둘레가 유의적으로 감소하였고, HDL-콜레스테롤이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 지방 조직 분비 호르몬-resistin, adiponectin, leptin의 수준은 체중조절 프로그램 실시전과 후에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. Resistin과 leptin의 변화량은 BMI 변화량과 양의 관계를, adiponect의 변화량은 음의 관계를 나타내 체위와의 상관성을 보여주었으나 본 연구만으로 이들 호르몬들과 체위변화와의 상관성을 규명하기에는 부족했다. 또한 체중조절 프로그램 후 열량 외에 무기질과 비타민 등 대부분의 영양소 섭취가 감소하여 체중조절 프로그램을 진행할 때 열량섭취는 줄이면서 미량 영양소의 섭취는 유지할 수 있게 올바른 식품을 선택할 수 있도록 하는 교육이 강화되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 비교적 단기간의 체중조절프로그램의 효과를 살펴본 것으로서, 본 연구결과를 토대로 앞으로 영양교육의 내용을 수정하고, 체조성 변화에 대한 연구를 강화하며 좀 더 장기적인 체중조절 프로그램을 수행한다면 아동 비만 치료에 더 좋은 효과를 낼 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. 또한 비만과 체지방분비호르몬의 상관성에 대한 후속연구도 필요한 것으로 본다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.741-748
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and dietary habits of women divers in Tongyoung area and to support the guideline for the improvement of their dietary life style by a validation of a Computerized Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionaire. Compared to the women at Jeju Island, the Tongyoung divers showed similar heights (154.6 $\pm$ 0.8 cm), weights (53.5 $\pm$ 1.0 kg) and BMIs (23.3 $\pm$0.4) , but they showed especially high levels of body fat (33.8 $\pm$ 0.8) . Their dietary habits showed they usually skipped lunch, but ate too much food at once, which may represent the dietary habits shown by obese people. Over 40% of the divers were taking some nutritious food or complementary food for health, without realizing the efficacy of these foods. The analysis of nutritional intake showed that all of average daily nutrients intakes of those below 50 years were higher than those of the Korean RDA. In the case of those above 50 years, it was shown that the average daily nutrients intakes were also higher than those of the Korean RDA except for energy (94.5%) and calcium (82.1%) . However, some individual divers showed lower nutrients intakes than 75% of RDA for calcium, iron, Vitamin A and Vitamin B$_2$. Also, excessive intakes of phosphorous and sodium could be a dietary problem. There was no correlation between BMI or percentage of body fat and energy, CHO, protein or fat. These results can provide the nutritional information for this special community, women divers, to improve their health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.650-657
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• 2002

In order to provide basic data for the means to improve food situation and nutritional status of those supported by the National Basic Livelihood Security System (NBLSS), we examined household food insecurity and nutritional status of children under the support of NBLSS. This study included 209 children aged 3-12 years (99 boys and 110 girls) and their caretakers. We measured house food insecurity using Radimer/cornell Scale, children's body sizes and nutrient intake by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and caretakers' nutritional management skills. Only 9.6％ of the households were in food secured (FS) while 8.1％ were in household food insecured, but without hunger (HFI), 42.1％ were in adult food insecured with hunger (AFI), and 40.2％ were in child hungry (CH). Important predictors of food security were nutritional management skills of the caretakers as well as their education, but neither income nor food expenditure of the households. Mean energy intake of the children was 86.0％ of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Intakes of protein, phosphorous, vitamin A and B$_1$ were relatively high ranging from 112.3％ to 124.4％ of the RDAs while those of calcium, iron, niacin, vitamin C were low showing 74.8-83.3％ of the RDAs. Height, weight and weight/height ratio were close to the reference levels. Lower nutrient intakes of children were observed as the households were more food insecured. However, nutrient intakes and body sizes of children did not differ as a function of household socioeconomic status representing by income, food expenditure and caretakers' education. Results of this study suggest the importance of food security and nutritional management skills for the children's nutrient intakes. Concerning this matter, a need for nutrition education in the program for NBLSS was discussed.