• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.321-343
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• 2004

In principal, the original form of Eupchi landscape in Naepo reflects a traditional idea regarding direction as a connection with one's fortune and naturalization strategy of power. In reality, the weight for the landscape inside the castle town was distinct by locality according to the conditions of natural geographies and main function of the castle town. In other words, the traditional Eupchi landscape was shaped under the fixed principles but it was simultaneously reflecting the local temporality and spatiality. As Chosun Dynasty went under the Japanese colonization, Eupchi in the traditional period started to evolve into a modem city. That is to say, the traditional Eupchi as a political place became to change into the center of capital accumulation, stronghold of economy and education, and center of town beyond the function as a place for government and administration. Therefore, the process of change from the landscape of Eupchi to a modem city was a kind of revolution in the form and function, and it was also a very rapid rearrangement of social space. The disparate element of landscape and double social space worked as a vital inertial element in the urban structure of Naepo area until the post independence and evolution of landscape.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.251-277
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• 2015

This qualitative study is designed for the reconstruction of the experience of single mothers in poverty based on the bottom-up approach. Welfare dependency is identified as vital help to protect their own and children's lives, through their stories telling that welfare services provided by government and community take care of them "in place of their husbands", and "raise them up by hand." What is self-sufficiency to them is more of a process-orientation through welfare dependency than a state out of it, and a way to look through building their self-esteem and working to discover their self-worth except their economic power. Restoring their potential to self-sufficiency through dealing with their psycho-social stresses and expanding services for them related to child-care(education) and occupation ability development for long-term self-sufficiency, rather than hasty focusing on welfare exit, should be built on the foundation of helping them self-sufficient. In order for the self-sufficiency program to overcome the participant's images of "subordination and stigma" and to convey the original meaning of "welfare to work", the performance and evaluation system of self-sufficiency programs that reflects the insider's perspectives on their participation motive and process, and the self-sufficiency program customized for their needs and interests should be encouraged to develop.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.35
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• pp.227-253
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• 2014

The purpose of this article is to prove the fun of cartoon has related in Reality. Ultimately, it will be occurred the expanding result in contact with reader's reality perception. I had pointed out this issue in introduction. Although Fun is our vital power, almost people recognize it as imagination result which is not related in Reality. As the result, we overlooked Fun is contacted in Reality recognition. Creation method of cartoon story emphasize "the Individual character" and "the original nature" also. As this result, it has limitation which neglect "Reality". In main subject, I explained the meaning of Fun and Reality in feeling Korea Cartoon. First, we looked around a theoretical background of fun. With take surveying for various fun characters in several category of cartoon. We can confirm that it was occurred the results contacting "Enlargement of actual recognition" commonly. Second, the main issue of Korea cartoon was "Reality" historically. But, described Reality in cartoon is different from true Reality. Therefore, cartoon is imagined Reality of writer. So he make a heros and make a fun putting a folk tail. Third, described Reality in Korea cartoons make a fun and reader's consensus which is from emotional reality. With limitation of writer's "Reality recognition", almost writers adapted to ideology of ruling classes. Forth, we surveyed Korean cartoons which described "true Reality". Newspaper cartoons during imperialism and Min-joong cartoon in 80' period and 2000th period life documentary cartoon, we participated three sector and surveyed each character. Especially, I am dealing with important inconsistency of true reality. As this result, My cartoon enlarge reader's true reality and make "Fun" of recognizing a true reality.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.739-745
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• 2014

Although medication is given to heart disease patients, conventional medication alone is not sufficient to treat heart disease. However, it has been reported that left ventricular assist device (LVAD) transplantation is an effective bridge to heart transplantation by assisting cardiac function. This study used long-term animal testing and emergency situations with a bovine model (Holstein) and canine model (Labrador-retriever) to evaluate the biocompatibility of LibraHeart-I (LH-1), which is a bent-tube type of LVAD that was developed in a previous study. In the long-term animal testing with the bovine model, the subjects survived for 49 days with no irregularities observed in their complete blood cell counts or the vital sign tests that were carried out during the test period. In short-term animal testing with the canine model, it was observed that blood did not remain inside the LH-I even without power support from an external drive source. In this study, the biocompatibility of the LH-I that was developed in a previous study was verified by the ejection performance during long-term animal testing and emergency situations.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.69-86
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• 2011

The objective of this research is to unveil the dynamic changes of the trends in wedding dresses during the 20th Century. The studies were carried out in two forms; firstly by observing the actual wedding dresses worn by people at that time, and secondly by conducting formative comparisons between those dresses with the ones appeared in movies corresponding to that period. Movies provide an invaluable insight into the era's wedding dresses fashion trends since they function as intimate bridges in connection with the time's audience, and the visible imageries accurately reflect the characteristics embedded within that time frame. As there are no precedent studies regarding this topic, this thesis can serve as vital research data for the wedding dress industry. Research data regarding the actual wedding dresses were collected from books and museum web sites. The object of movies were films produced before World War II that contained both the background settings of the 20th Century and wedding dresses, of which photographic imageries were captured. Research analysis was then conducted by merging these data with findings from relevant books and internet materials. The results of the thesis are as the following: The 1900s was an extension of the 19th Century's popular fashion trend which can be characterized as the S curve silhouettes of the Edwardian period when long trains and long veils symbolized wealth and social power. In the 1910s, high waist silhouettes with soft wrinkles were prevalent as attire suitable for active mobility with practical functionality were highly regarded. During the 1920s, the flapper style became the dominant trend. Hem lines of the skirts were curled in the form of the scallop and laces were the most widely used raw materials. By the 1930s, wedding dresses that reinterpreted the glamorous sheath lines, practical two piece styles, and retro-styles became predominant. The 1940s saw the advent of ready-made wedding dresses made of synthesized materials; practical military style suits and casuals sometimes substituted the wedding dresses. And although the wedding dresses in the movies were primarily costumes to express the personalities of the characters, they were also reinterpreted as manifestations of the formative characteristics of each relative period that pursued very distinct and diverse features.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

Background: The poultry industry in Pakistan has flourished since the 1960s; however, there are scarce data regarding the impact of occupational exposure on the pulmonary health of farm workers in terms of years working in the industry. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of poultry environment on the health of occupationally exposed poultry farmers in countries of warm climatic regions, such as Pakistan. This study will also show the effect of exposure to poultry facilities on the health of poultry farmers in the context of low-income countries with a relatively inadequate occupational exposure risk management. Materials and methods: The lung function capacity of 79 poultry workers was measured using a spirometer. Along with spirometry, a structured questionnaire was also administrated to obtain information about age, height, weight, smokers/nonsmokers, years of working experience, and pulmonary health of farm workers. The workers who were directly involved in the care and handling of birds in these intensive facilities were considered and divided into four groups based on their years of working experience: Group I (3-10 months), Group II (1-5 years), Group III (6-10 years), and Group IV (more than 11 years). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were considered to identify lung function abnormalities. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: Based on the performed spirometry, 68 (86 %) of workers were found normal and healthy, whereas 11 (14 %) had a mild obstruction. Of the 11 workers with mild obstruction, the highest number with respect to the total was in Group IV (more than 11 years of working experience) followed by Group III and Group II. Most of the workers were found healthy, which seems to be because of the healthy survivor effect. For the independent sample t test, a significant difference was noticed between healthy and nonhealthy farmers, whereas Chi-square test showed a significant association with height, drugs, and working experience. Linear regression that was stratified by respiratory symptoms showed for workers with symptoms, regression models for all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) have better predictive power or R square value than those of workers without symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lung function capacity was directly related to years of working experience. With increasing number of working years, symptoms of various respiratory problems enhanced in the poultry workers. It should be noted that most of the poultry workers were healthy and young, the rationale being that there is a high turnover rate in this profession. The mobility in this job and our finding of 86% of the healthy workers in the present study also proposed healthy worker survivor effect.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2001

Due to the limitation of data modeling power and the view update ambiguity, relational view is limitedly used for engineering applications. On the contrary, object-oriented database view would playa vital role in defining custom interface for engineering applications because the above two limitations of the relational view are overcome by the object-oriented view. Above all, engineering application data interface should fully support updates. More specifically, updates against the data interface needs to be unambiguously defined and its semantic behavior should be equal to base schema updates'. For this purpose, we define the notion of update semantic preserving which means that view updates displays the same semantics as base schema. Besides, in order to show the feasibility of this characteristics, specific and concrete algorithms for update preserving updates are presented for a CAD specialized object-oriented database view - MultiView. This paper finds that in order that virtual classes coudld form a schema with 'isa' relationships rather than just a group of classes, the update semantics on the virtual classes should be defined such that the implied meaning of 'isa' relationships between classes are not to be violated. Besides, as its sufficiency conditions, we derived the update semantics and schema constituable conditions of the virtual classes that make view schemas look like base schemas. To my best knowledge, this is the first research that presents the sufficiency conditions by which we could defined object-oriented views as integrated schemas rather than as separate classes.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-68
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• 1996

This thesis is a try for examining the historical characteristics of Constiutional medicine. For this purpose, I have examined their theory, and made a comparison carefully. Through this study, I have obtained several results as following. Both Chang and Lee lived in the time of change, which was unstable and uncertain. Under the condition, they both rejected following the existing trends of learned circles, and developed new thoughts and clinical techniques. They rejected superstitious beliefs and fatalism, and conducted the pursuit of experimental knowledge and rationale idea. Clinical experience was the very base of their study. They both criticized the bad habits of abuse of tonifing medication and health seeking. Especially Lee regarded control of emotion and regulation of a way of life as the best way for preservation of one's health. Chang regarded pathogenic factors as the ultimate factor of diseases, and strived for eliminating pathogenic factors, but L brought to a conclusion that the final factor of diseases was what is called "heart" itself, and emotional changes were the most essential causes of disease. It can be said that the pathogenesis insisted by Chang can be called The insistence that pathologic factors are the very etiology of all the disease (邪氣致病論), or all the diseases result from pathologic factors. And his whole remedy can be summarized as following, A study on the method of eliminating pathogenic factors. But the purpose of Constitutional medicine is to correct imbalance intrinsic to one's internal organs. In this aspect, Constitutional medicine is a "regulatory medicine". Depending on the classification of six vital substances, Chang classified all disease into six categories. These were based on symptoms and sings represented. While classification of diseases made by Lee was likely to rely upon constitutional characteristics. Chang thought that the three remedies made up of perspiration, purgation, vomiting were the most efficient way of eliminating pathogenic factors. Lee, however, thought those weren't methods of eliminating pathogenic factors but the best ways restoring one's self-regulation power. Chang thought that all the febrile disease essentially has a tendency in properties to belong to "heat", but Lee pointed out that pathologic processes are variable in accordance with constitutional features. They both regarded pathogenesis of diabetes as fire. That is to say, fire is the most essential factor of diabetes. And there are many risk factors such as inappropriate foods, drugs, climate, etc., but Lee thought what is most important is heart. Putting all accounts together, medical characteristics of Chang are similar to those of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, and have no relation to those of those of Shaoyinjen. Therefore we can conclude that Chang understood pathologic processes of disease of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, whether he knew about constitutional features or not.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.131-150
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to explore the family as an interaction system, concentrating on the mutual influences between communication and family development; (1) how Communication patterns affect family relationships, and (2) how relationships among family members affect communication. In order to do this Galvin, Brommel used the following frame work; family is a system in which communication regulates cohesion and adaptability by a flow of message patterns through a defined network of evolving interdependent relationships. A family system consists of members, the relationships among them, the family attributes, the members attributes and an environment in which family functions. Within the framework of common cultural communication patterns, each family has the capacity to develop its own communication code based on the experiences of individual members and the collective family experience. Most of us develop our communication skills within the family context learning both the general cultural language and the specific familial communication code. Communication may be viewed as a symbolic, transactional process as the process of creating and sharing meanings. To say that communication is a process implies a continuous interaction of an indefinite large numbers of variables with a concomitant,. continuous change in the values taken by these variables. Finally the process implies change, Family functions include the primary functions of cohesion and adaptability, and supporting functions of family images, themes, boundaries, and biosocial issues. The primary functions reveal concepts integrated family interaction and supporting function, along with those of cohesion and adaptability, give shape to family life. the characteristics of developed relationships of richness, uniqueness efficiency, substitutability, pacing , openness spontaneity, and evaluation are reflected in the verbal and nonverbal behaviors with which family members negotiated a set of common meanings and develop thier own unique message system. The message system is the major element of communication process and influences both the form and the content of thier relationship and in create and share meanings. Family systems need to provide order and predictability for thier members, specifically focusing on communication rules and the networks by which messages are transmitted. Most rules emerge as a result of multiful interactions. There are basic rules and rules about rules, or metarules. Perceiving the rules of family system is very difficult because often family members don't think about the basic rules, much less the metarules. Breaking the rule may result in the creation of a new set because the system may recalibrate itself to accept more variety of behavior. Families develop communication networks to deal with the general issue. Family adaptability may be seen through the degree of flexibility in forming and reforming networks and networks become a vital part of the decision- making process and relate to the power dynamics operating within the family. Networks also play an integral part in maintaining the roles and rules operating with the family system. Thus networks and rules have mutual influence. The family -of -origin issues influence all aspects of family communication and account for many of the communication patterns, rules and networks and the role of the family -of-origin influences as a primary force for communication on behavior of newly forming systems. Each family system develops its own communication meanings. There is not one right way to communicate within a family but may be indefinitly large change of family life and communication behavior. Study on functional family communication helps to gain a better understanding of dynamics of family communication and ability of a new insight into the family.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2004

The reason of the appearance of Internet is regarded as a milestone since we have shared information globally in a mutual way. The important thing on this point is what contents we choose for ourselves. The Internet could be meaningless unless we use it in a certain way, which ultimately means that the Internet has to deliver something valuable to us humans. Therefore, we have looked at how we can deliver and share humanity and emotion through the Internet, also how we can instill vital power into our real life, through the Internet. Fortunately, the current study must essentially be ongoing due to its nature with perhaps a multidisciplinary team brainstorming ideas. The reason for that is that not only could we find new business models for companies, but also find out new ways to appease the human mind in the modern age. In addition, as consumers needs become more specialized and diversified, companies are expected to face up to fierce competition with the help of innovative ideas. The ever-intensifying competition requires companies to cultivate new strategic tools in order to have new, powerful and sustainable comparative advantages. The goal of this research will be to explore ways of finding a new approach. Specifically, this research is about how to use the EVC(empathetic virtual character), which, this researcher believes, can deliver emotional benefits so as to make e-branding successful. According to reports, it has been proven that this new concept including the EVC can result in tremendous success. So the goal of this research is to explore the current situation and to anticipate the future concerning virtual characters.