• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2023

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality combined robot assist gait training (VRG) on improvement of balance and respiratory function in chronic stroke patients. Methods : A single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 35 chronic stroke patients. They were randomly allocated 2 groups; VRG group (n=18) and conservative treatment group (CG; n=17). The VRG group received 30 minutes robot assisted gait training combined virtual reality training, robot assisted gait training was conducted in parallel using a virtual reality device (2 sessions of 15 minutes in a 3D-recorded walking environment and 15 minutes in a downtown walking environment). In the conservative treatment group, neurodevelopmental therapy and exercise therapy were performed according to the function of stroke patients. Each group performed 30 minutes a day 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome balance and respiratory function were measured by a balance measurement system (BioRescue, Marseille, France), Berg balance scale, functional reach test for balance, Spirometry (Cosmed Micro Quark, Cosmed, Italy) for respiratory function Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), and maximum expiratory volume (PEF) were measured according to the protocol. The measurement were performed before and after the 8 weeks intervention period. Results : Both groups demonstrated significant improvement of outcome in balance and respiratory function during intervention period. VRG revealed significant differences in balance and respiratory function as compared to the CG groups (p<.05). Our results showed that VRG was more effective on balance and respiratory function in patients with chronic stroke. Conclusion : Our findings indicate that VRG can improve balance and respiratory function, highlight the benefits of VRG. This study will be able to be used as an intervention data for recovering balance and respiratory function in chronic stroke patients.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an exercise program for the thoracic spine and scapula rather than the neck, which is the primary site of pain. METHODS: Thirty-two elementary school teachers with a forward head posture (FHP) were assigned randomly to either the experimental group (n = 16) or the control group (n = 16). The experimental group performed scapular stabilization exercise (SSE) and thoracic extension exercise (TEE), and the control group performed cervical self-myofascial release exercise and stretching exercise. The pulmonary functions, pain, craniovertebral angle (CVA), and cervical range of motion (CROM) were measured before the intervention and six weeks after. RESULTS: The within-group comparisons showed that the VAS and CROM (except for extension) in both groups were significantly different before and after the intervention (p < .05). The changes in the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1), and CVA were significant only in the experimental group (p < .05). The between-group comparisons showed a significant difference in the FVC, FEV1, VAS, CVA, and left lateral flexion (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The combination of SSE and TEE in the experimental group was more effective in improving the FHP and breathing ability. Moreover, the experimental group and control combination appeared to be effective in reducing pain and improving the CROM. The combination of SSE and TEE, which are exercises that do not target the cervical spine directly, was effective in improving the posture, respiration, neck pain, and CROM in elementary school teachers with FHP.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.510-519
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• 2020

Within an intelligent automated cyber-physical system, the realization of the autonomous mechanism for data collection, data integration, and data analysis plays a critical role in the design, development, operation, and maintenance of such a system. This construct is particularly vital for fault-tolerant route-finding systems that rely on the imprecise GPS location of the vehicles to properly operate, timely plan, and continuously produce informative feedback to the user. More essentially, the integration of digital twins with cyber-physical route-finding systems has been overlooked in intelligent transportation services with the capacity to construct the network routes solely from the locations of the operating vehicles. To address this limitation, the present study proposes a conceptual architecture that employs digital twin to autonomously maintain, update, and manage intelligent transportation systems. This virtual management simulation can improve the accuracy of time-of-arrival prediction based on auto-generated routes on which the vehicle's real-time location is mapped. To that end, first, an intelligent transportation system was developed based on two primary mechanisms: 1) an automated route finding process in which predictive data-driven models (i.e., regularized least-squares regression) can elicit the geometry and direction of the routes of the transportation network from the cloud of geotagged data points of the operating vehicles and 2) an intelligent mapping process capable of accurately locating the vehicles on the map whereby their arrival times to any point on the route can be estimated. Afterward, the digital representations of the physical entities (i.e., vehicles and routes) were simulated based on the auto-generated routes and the vehicles' locations in near-real-time. Finally, the feasibility and usability of the presented conceptual framework were evaluated through the comparison between the primary characteristics of the physical entities with their digital representations. The proposed architecture can be used by the vehicle-tracking applications dependent on geotagged data for digital mapping and location tracking of vehicles under a systematic comparison and simulation cyber-physical system.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2023

Objective: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may experience reduced physical activity and quality of life (QoL) due to decreased pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of pulmonary function, physical activity, and QoL of COPD patients. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: This study examined the published data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2015-2019. Among 39,759 subjects who participated for 5 years, data from 151 patients diagnosed with COPD were analyzed separately. For the pulmonary function, the results of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV6, forced expiratory flow 25-75%, and peak expiratory flow were observed. Physical activity was identified as frequency and duration. For the QoL, EQ-5D-3L evaluation results were examined, and the frequency and index of the Korean version were investigated. Results: In pulmonary function, all variables were found to be lower than age and weighted matched normal values. COPD patients showed to perform very low levels of high/medium physical activity and sitting time was confirmed to be more than 8 hours a day. In QoL, it was found that the highest reporting rate of some problems was the "pain and discomfort" and "mobility". Conclusions: It was found that COPD patients showed that the prevalence of circulatory disease was relatively high, lowered pulmonary function, and QoL. These can be improved through regular physical activity, and it is thought that this can be achieved through optimization of pulmonary rehabilitation.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare how the shoulder height and respiratory function are affected by applying shoulder stabilization exercises and core stabilization exercises that are effective for strengthening the trunk muscles and postural stability for adults with a round shoulder posture (RSP). METHODS: The participants were 28 young adults with RSP. They were assigned randomly to two groups: shoulder stabilization exercise and core stabilization exercise. They performed the exercises for 30 minutes twice a week for four weeks. They measured the shoulder height and respiratory function before and after exercise. RESULTS: No significant difference in shoulder height was found between the groups. A significant decrease in shoulder height was found in the shoulder stabilization exercise group after exercise. The core stabilization exercise group showed a significant decrease after exercise. In respiratory function, no significant difference was found between the groups. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) were increased significantly in the shoulder stabilization exercise group before and after exercise. The FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, and peak expiratory flow were significantly higher in the shoulder stabilization exercise group after exercise than in the core stabilization exercise group. CONCLUSION: Shoulder stabilization exercise and core stabilization exercise improved the postural alignment and pulmonary function, and the exercises could be helpful in shoulder rehabilitation as well as the clinical part of the treatment of rounded shoulder posture.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept on respiratory function and quality of life in elderly subjects. Methods : Nineteen elderly subjects with healthy were recruited. Subjects performed scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept. Exercise was appied 30 minutes three times per week for four weeks. The respiratory function and quality of life (QOL) test three times (before, two weeks, and four weeks). Respiratory function includes forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and chest cage expansion test (CCET). The QOL test was measured Korean WHOQOL-BRIEF. The analysis method was analyzed through the one-way ANOVA repeated methods, and the statistical significance is α=.05. It was analyzed through the post test Bonferroni test. Results : After the 4 week scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept showed statistically significant differences in the respiratory function (FVC, FEV₁, PEF, and CCET), and QOL (p<.05). As a result of the post-hoc test, FVC showed a significant increase in the mid test and post test compared to the pre test (p<.05), FEV₁ showed a significant increase in the post test compared to the pre test (p<.05). PEF showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05), CCET showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05). QOL showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05). Conclusion : In this study, the scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept improved respiratory function and QOL. The findings suggest that this intervention could be beneficial in improving respiratory function and QOL in the elderly.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to determine the effects of training on breathing re-education on pain and dysfunction levels, posture, quality of life (QoL), and pulmonary function in patients. Methods: This study included 34 patients with chronic neck pain and upper thoracic breathing pattern were included. The participants were assigned to either the routine physical therapy program (RPTP) (CG; n=17) or RPTP and breathing pattern re-education training (EG; n=17). The CG and EG groups performed RPTP for 40 minutes, and only the EG groups performed breathing re-education training for 10 minutes. Exercises were performed thrice weekly for both groups. Level of pain and dysfunction, posture, QoL and pulmonary function status were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: After four weeks of intervention, numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Korean version of neck disability index, cranio-vertebral angle, cranial rotation angle, and 12-item short form health survey-physical and mental component summaries had significant differences before and after intervention in both groups (p<.01). However, only NPRS, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1s, and maximum voluntary ventilation showed significant interactions between the two groups and measurement time (p<.01). Conclusion: Breathing re-education training and RPTP may be optimal for patients with chronic neck pain and may be more effective in improving neck pain and pulmonary function.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore how using inspiratory training affects the respiratory function and balance of stroke patients. We also plan to compare the results with a control group that does not receive the intervention. Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: In this study, 27 chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=14) or an experimental group (n=13). Both groups underwent six weeks of common interventions involving standard physiotherapy and treadmill training. Additionally, the experimental group received inspiratory training. Respiratory function and balance were evaluated using Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), Five times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS), Seated Center of Pressure (S-COP), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. Results: Respiratory function and balance were compared within each group before and after intervention. The experimental group, which received inspiratory training, showed significant improvements in FVC (0.26±0.18), FEV1 (0.35±0.32), MIP (11.54±12.39), PEF (1.12±1.52), and TUG (-3.39±2.45) compared to pre-intervention values (p<0.05). When comparing changes between groups post-intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significant increases in FVC, FEV1, MIP, PEF, and TUG compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in MEP, FTSTS, and S-COP. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a positive effect of inspiratory training on chronic stroke patients. These findings suggest that with further research involving a larger sample size and enhanced intervention methods, inspiratory training could be employed positively in the rehabilitation of stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of the new hand-held spirometer as a potential substitute for traditional pulmonary function testing (PFT) devices. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: In this study, thirty healthy adults underwent spirometry using both the new hand-held spirometer and the MIR spirometer, which is a standard PFT device. Parameters including peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured and analyzed for validity and reliability. Inter-rater reliability and validity were evaluated through 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Statistical analyses, including the Bland-Altman plots and the ICC, were utilized to assess agreement between the two devices. Results: The new hand-held spirometer exhibited a good agreement with intra-class coefficient (ICC [2,1]) ranging 0.762 to 0.956 and 95% LOA of -1.94 to 1.80 when compared with MIR. The test-retest reliability of the hand-held spirometer analyzed using - ICC [2,1] demonstrated a good level of consistency (ICC [2,1] =0.849-0.934). Conclusions: In conclusion, the study aimed to assess the potential of the new hand-held spirometer as a viable alternative to traditional PFT devices, with a specific focus on its reliability and validity in spirometric measurements. The new hand-held spirometer exhibited good test-retest reliability across all measured variables, suggesting its potential as a valid and reliable tool for simultaneous PFT measurements.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2024

Purpose : After coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many people around the world became aware of respiratory diseases and developed increased interest in health and exercise. As the elderly population grows larger, the prevalence of brain diseases and respiratory conditions increases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercises on pulmonary function and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in the elderly population. Methods : In this study, we measured the pulmonary function and performed EEG of 30 elderly individuals. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group completed a DNS exercise training protocol, while the control group performed simple exercise training. After the exercise, the pulmonary function and EEG testing were repeated, and the amounts of change within and between groups were determined. Results : In terms of pulmonary function, the experimental group's forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) increased significantly after the exercise (p<.05), while the FVC differed significantly between groups (p<.05). In terms of EEG findings, the relative alpha waves significantly decreased in the F3 region (p<.05), while the relative beta waves significantly increased in the F4 region (p<.05). The relative gamma waves increased significantly in the Fp2 and P3 regions (p<.05), while the values in the F3 region differed significantly between groups (p<.05). Conclusion : DNS exercises performed by this elderly population demonstrated significant clinical value by providing fundamental data about both pulmonary function and EEG activity.