• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 2023

Background: The authors aimed to compare the effects of a one-time ultrasound (US)-guided subacromial corticosteroid injection and three-time ozone (O₂-O₃) injection in patients with chronic supraspinatus tendinopathy. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the corticosteroid group (n = 22) or ozone group (n = 22). Injections in both groups were administered into subacromial bursa with an US-guided in-plane posterolateral approach. Primary outcome measure was the change in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) score between baseline and 12-weeks post-injection. Secondary outcome measures included visual analog scale and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores. Assessments were recorded at baseline, and 4-weeks and 12-weeks post-injection. Results: Forty participants completed this study. Based on repeated measurement analysis of variance, a significant effect of time was found for all outcome measures in both groups. Both the groups showed clinically significant improvements in shoulder pain, quality of life, and function. Baseline, 4-week post-injection, and 12-week post-injection WORC scores (mean ± standard deviation) were 57.91 ± 18.97, 39.10 ± 20.50 and 37.22 ± 27.31 in the corticosteroid group, respectively and 69.03 ± 15.89, 39.11 ± 24.36, and 32.26 ± 24.58 in the ozone group, respectively. However, no significant group × time interaction was identified regarding all outcome measures. Conclusions: Three-time ozone injection was not superior to a one-time corticosteroid injection in patients with chronic supraspinatus tendinopathy. It might be as effective as corticosteroid injection at 4-weeks and 12-weeks post-injection in terms of relieving pain and improving quality of life and function.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.248-252
• /
• 2022

The environment refers to what is surrounded by something during human life. This environment is related to the way humans live, and presents various problems on how to perceive the surrounding environment and how the behaviors that constitute the environment support the elements necessary for human life. Humans have an interest in the supportability of the environment as the interrelationship increases as humans perceive and understand the environment and accept the factors supported by the environment. In space, human movement starts from one space to the next and exchanges stimuli and reactions with the environment until reaching a target point. These human movements start with subjective judgment and during gait movement, the spatial environment surrounding humans becomes a collection of information necessary for humans and gives stimulation. will do. In this process, in particular, humans move along the movement path through movement in space and go through displacement perception and psychological changes, and recognize a series of spatial continuity. An image of thinking is formed[1]. In this process, spatial experience is perceived through the process of filtering by the senses in the real space, and the result of cognition is added through the process of subjective change accompanied by memory and knowledge, resulting in human movement. As such, the spatial search behavior begins with a series of perceptual and cognitive behaviors that arise in the process of human beings trying to read meaning from objects in the environment. Here, cognition includes the psychological process of sorting out and judging what the information is in the process of reading the meaning of the external environment, conditions, and material composition, and perception is the process of accepting information as the first step. It can be said to be the cognitive ability to read the meaning of the environment given to humans. Therefore, if we can grasp the perception of space while moving and human behavior as a response to perception, it will be possible to predict how to grasp it from a human point of view in a space that does not exist. Modern people have the theme of reminiscing dog-friendly hotels for the healing of petloss syndrome, and this thesis attempts to approach the life of companions.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.77-92
• /
• 2016

In this study, the relationship of images and sounds of the animations "Dots" and "Loops" which Norman McLaren animated with his Animated sound technique when he worked at Guggenheim museum at New York, are analyzed through the audiovisual analysis theory by Michel Chion, and through the theory of synchronism/asynchronism and parallelism/counterpoint by Siegfried Kracauer. For the results of the analysis, there are a few difference between "Dots" and "Loops" regarding the aspect of sound arrangement and expressive aspect of abstract animation. However, there are being of two main elements of sound, composing with monophony sound, making musical structure with sound effects, and the emphasizing of parallelism with synchronization bewteen images and sounds in common with both "Dots" and "Loops". In "Dots" and "Loops", there are close correlations between pitch of sound and arrangement/shape of image, between loudness of sound and size of image, and between length of sound and length/shape of image. The image and sound of "Dots" and "Loops" have equal relationship each other, rather than subordinate relationship according as image become sound and the sound become new image with the animated sound technique. "Dots" and "Loops" show tendency of minimal art and music video. Since these two films, and remind about the new approach to sound creation in today's animation production.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.555-567
• /
• 2023

The cracks in the tunnel are currently determined through visual inspections conducted by inspectors based on images acquired using tunnel imaging acquisition systems. This labor-intensive approach, relying on inspectors, has inherent limitations as it is subject to their subjective judgments. Recently research efforts have actively explored the use of deep learning to automatically detect tunnel cracks. However, most studies utilize public datasets or lack sufficient objectivity in the analysis process, making it challenging to apply them effectively in practical operations. In this study, we selected test datasets consisting of images in the same format as those obtained from the actual inspection system to perform an objective evaluation of deep learning models. Additionally, we introduced ensemble techniques to complement the strengths and weaknesses of the deep learning models, thereby improving the accuracy of crack detection. As a result, we achieved high recall rates of 80%, 88%, and 89% for cracks with sizes of 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.5 mm, respectively, in the test images. In addition, the crack detection result of deep learning included numerous cracks that the inspector could not find. if cracks are detected with sufficient accuracy in a more objective evaluation by selecting images from other tunnels that were not used in this study, it is judged that deep learning will be able to be introduced to facility safety inspection.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.812-828
• /
• 2020

Objective: To provide an evidence-based guide for the MRI interpretation of complete tumor response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for rectal cancer using visual assessment on T2-weighted imaging (T2) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and Methods: PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched on November 28, 2019 to identify articles on the following issues: 1) sensitivity and specificity of T2 or DWI for diagnosing pathologic complete response (pCR) and the criteria for MRI diagnosis; 2) MRI alone vs. MRI combined with other test(s) in sensitivity and specificity for pCR; and 3) tests to select patients for the watch-and-wait management. Eligible articles were selected according to meticulous criteria and were synthesized. Results: Of 1615 article candidates, 55 eligible articles (for all three issues combined) were identified. Combined T2 and DWI performed better than T2 alone, with a meta-analytic summary sensitivity of 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.77; I² = 80.60) and summary specificity of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94; I² = 92.61) for diagnosing pCR. The criteria for the complete response on T2 in most studies had the commonality of remarkable tumor decrease to the absence of mass-like or nodular intermediate signal, although somewhat varied, as follows: (near) normalization of the wall; regular, thin, hypointense scar in the luminal side with (near) normal-appearance or homogeneous intermediate signal in the underlying wall; and hypointense thickening of the wall. The criteria on DWI were the absence of a hyperintense signal at high b-value (≥ 800 sec/mm²) in most studies. The specific algorithm to combine T2 and DWI was obscure in half of the studies. MRI combined with endoscopy was the most utilized means to select patients for the watch-and-wait management despite a lack of strong evidence to guide and support a multi-test approach. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis provide an evidence-based practical guide for MRI assessment of complete tumor response after CRT for rectal cancer.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.12.1-12.13
• /
• 2024

This study investigated the psychological effects of the creative music fairy tale 'I am a music creator' education program, which was implemented as the convergence educational program of the Seocho Innovation Education District in 2021 for a total of 8 weeks for elementary school students, on Musical Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem. Before verifying the effects after conducting the education program for a total of 8 weeks, a homogeneity verification of the group composition was conducted through a pre-measurement, and it was confirmed that the composition by gender and grade was homogeneous. The results of this study are as follows. First, the results of the pre-test/post-test by research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest and Self-Efficacy were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no significant difference. When Self-Esteem was considered, There was a significant difference, and the post-test scores showed a higher average than the pre-test scores. Second, the results of the pre-test/post-test by gender of the research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem for male students were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no significant difference. The post-test scores in Musical-Interest and Self-Efficacy for female students were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no real significant difference. Self-Esteem showed a significant difference, and the post-test scores showed a higher average than the pre-test scores. Third, the results of the pre-test/post-test by grade of the research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem for second graders were slightly higher than the pretest scores, but there was no real significant difference. In the 3rd grade, there was a significant difference in the sub-factors of Musical-Interest, interest in music classes, and Self-Esteem, and the post-score showed a higher average than the pre-score. In the 4th grade, the post-scores were slightly higher than the pre-scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem, but there was no significant difference. Through these results, it was confirmed that the integrated music activity approach has a positive influence on elementary school students' Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem, which are formed in the process of growth and development.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2024

In design studies, there has been extensive prior research on accident and disaster prevention, but it mainly focuses on visualization methods to improve visibility. Most accidents and disasters are caused by human factors. However, there is little design research that considers human characteristics that manifest in dangerous situations. This study aims to identify the concepts and characteristics of safety information design that reflects human traits. It examines the concepts of risk and safety from a social science perspective and looks into human visual information processing from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Additionally, it explores the relationship between human information processing and accident rates in dangerous situations from a psychological perspective. Based on these analyses, the study distinguishes between conventional information design and safety information design, ultimately identifying the features of safety information design that incorporates human traits. The key findings are as follows: First, information should be presented considering the human tendency to suspend rational judgment in dangerous situations. Second, appropriately dispersing or concentrating attention according to the level of risk can serve as an opportunity to minimize harm. Third, it was found that sensory and perceptual characteristics should be given top priority in the field of risk and safety information design. Through these findings, the study concludes that a design approach that reflects human traits in safety information design can ultimately be a key indicator for improving safety levels.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.205-225
• /
• 2018

Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) is one class of the powerful Deep Neural Network that can analyze and learn hierarchies of visual features. Originally, first neural network (Neocognitron) was introduced in the 80s. At that time, the neural network was not broadly used in both industry and academic field by cause of large-scale dataset shortage and low computational power. However, after a few decades later in 2012, Krizhevsky made a breakthrough on ILSVRC-12 visual recognition competition using Convolutional Neural Network. That breakthrough revived people interest in the neural network. The success of Convolutional Neural Network is achieved with two main factors. First of them is the emergence of advanced hardware (GPUs) for sufficient parallel computation. Second is the availability of large-scale datasets such as ImageNet (ILSVRC) dataset for training. Unfortunately, many new domains are bottlenecked by these factors. For most domains, it is difficult and requires lots of effort to gather large-scale dataset to train a ConvNet. Moreover, even if we have a large-scale dataset, training ConvNet from scratch is required expensive resource and time-consuming. These two obstacles can be solved by using transfer learning. Transfer learning is a method for transferring the knowledge from a source domain to new domain. There are two major Transfer learning cases. First one is ConvNet as fixed feature extractor, and the second one is Fine-tune the ConvNet on a new dataset. In the first case, using pre-trained ConvNet (such as on ImageNet) to compute feed-forward activations of the image into the ConvNet and extract activation features from specific layers. In the second case, replacing and retraining the ConvNet classifier on the new dataset, then fine-tune the weights of the pre-trained network with the backpropagation. In this paper, we focus on using multiple ConvNet layers as a fixed feature extractor only. However, applying features with high dimensional complexity that is directly extracted from multiple ConvNet layers is still a challenging problem. We observe that features extracted from multiple ConvNet layers address the different characteristics of the image which means better representation could be obtained by finding the optimal combination of multiple ConvNet layers. Based on that observation, we propose to employ multiple ConvNet layer representations for transfer learning instead of a single ConvNet layer representation. Overall, our primary pipeline has three steps. Firstly, images from target task are given as input to ConvNet, then that image will be feed-forwarded into pre-trained AlexNet, and the activation features from three fully connected convolutional layers are extracted. Secondly, activation features of three ConvNet layers are concatenated to obtain multiple ConvNet layers representation because it will gain more information about an image. When three fully connected layer features concatenated, the occurring image representation would have 9192 (4096+4096+1000) dimension features. However, features extracted from multiple ConvNet layers are redundant and noisy since they are extracted from the same ConvNet. Thus, a third step, we will use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select salient features before the training phase. When salient features are obtained, the classifier can classify image more accurately, and the performance of transfer learning can be improved. To evaluate proposed method, experiments are conducted in three standard datasets (Caltech-256, VOC07, and SUN397) to compare multiple ConvNet layer representations against single ConvNet layer representation by using PCA for feature selection and dimension reduction. Our experiments demonstrated the importance of feature selection for multiple ConvNet layer representation. Moreover, our proposed approach achieved 75.6% accuracy compared to 73.9% accuracy achieved by FC7 layer on the Caltech-256 dataset, 73.1% accuracy compared to 69.2% accuracy achieved by FC8 layer on the VOC07 dataset, 52.2% accuracy compared to 48.7% accuracy achieved by FC7 layer on the SUN397 dataset. We also showed that our proposed approach achieved superior performance, 2.8%, 2.1% and 3.1% accuracy improvement on Caltech-256, VOC07, and SUN397 dataset respectively compare to existing work.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 1998

This study aimed to grqJe for and present guideline roodel when the qJerator of domestic small manufacturing industry try to introch1ce the first industrial design by easier and more effective method. As the method of study, first of aiL examined the necessary of introducing industrial design throogh coosidering about the role and importance of small business. And next, analysed and examined the result of researching by enquete that is for qJerators of cbnestic small business. As a result, preconditioos for effective introducing industrial design were found. And, based 00 the preconditioos that were found through researching by enquete, examined the approachable introducing methods. Finally, set up the effectivable introducing methods of industrial design for doo1estic small manufacturing industry as a graphical model. As a result of study, First, the operator of small business who try to introduce industrial design needs to be well aware of these six cooditions as a prenise of effective awroach.1) coosciousness of role and versus a nation and a people of own industry Cereative 2) managing coosideratim and examinatim of a necessity of introducing industrial design as a cata1yst 3) A certain understanding aIntt essence and value of industrial design 4) Study and examinatim about a case of sucessful introducing industrial design arxl common introducing method of small business.5) Befarehand examinatim of introducing method making use of professional design organization and consultatim wicket 6) Prodent examination about the appointlrent puprpose, method of designer and infonmtion about designer. Second, as the position of small bnsiness that introduce industrial design fur the first time, it is confirmed that the aroroach going with introducing types - preliminary introducing, partitial introducing, regular introducing, whole industry level introducing - considered necessity rate of introducing industrial design and introducing range at the same time. This method is able to approach step by step, but it is confinmed that there is a characteristic in being able to select the method freely, and understanding easily for being coostructed visual form.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.853-860
• /
• 2007

In this modern era, human beings lead their life in complex environment where there are lots of parameters such as temperature, light, smell, sound, visual stimulus etc. that play important role for quality life. These parameters affect physical and mental behavior of a human being immensely. To ensure quality life the demand for quality products is always associated with human emotion and sensibility. Due to human sensibility and emotion involvement with quality life, the design stages of any kind of product must include some certain features related with emotion and sensibility. The cues for optimizing artificial environment are the physiological responses of human in that environment. The conventional approach of environmental physiology is to measure the relationship between environmental physical parameters and human psychological parameters under artificial conditions. Using that approach we tried to design an artificial environment for our daily lives and activities associated with both physiological and psychological behavior. We developed the technique to present the mock environment and software to measure and evaluate sensibility physiologically or psychologically and a simulator to measure and evaluate sensibility that can be utilized for large scale industrial production and design of environment. Simulator to measure and analyze human sensibility (SMAS) was constructed, which was utilized to estimate human sensibility and to simulate living and office environment.