• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2018

A fire shutter is installed to prevent the movement of fire or smoke when a fire occurs inside a building. Fire shutters have access doors for passengers. On the other hand, the present fire shutter door display regulation is only required to be displayed in a different color from the surroundings. Hence, the risk of people not being able to recognize the door of the fire shutter is quite high, and the danger increases further in a smoke situation. Therefore, this study attempted to find a way to mark a fire shutter door that can be recognized even when smoke is spreading. First, a preliminary questionnaire was used to draw three factors to mark the fire shutter door (sign, door background, and edge). The experiment type was set by combining 5 colors for the three derived factors. The experiment was conducted on a total of 122 male and female participants. The results showed that a yellow background, red sign, and red edge have the highest awareness in a normal visual field without smoke. This was also the same in the field of view in the case of a fire with smoke, but the red background, yellow sign, and yellow edge were most noticeable in the case of dark smoke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.20
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• pp.125-135
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• 1993

The purposes of this research are firstly to define the characteristics of movement on the costume, secondly to demonstrate that fine art, expecially in relation to kinetic art, has become a good motif in modern costume de-sign, and thirdly to examin the characteristics of movement as shown in modern costume de-sign. For this study, we selected and analyzed some costume designs among those introduced in fashion magazines, which are Collections, Fashion-Preview, Fashion Show, Collezioni, and L'Officiel that have been issued since 1988. As this research is carried out only through the analysis of pictures, it is not ac-companied by a study on material itself. The result of this study is that the ex-pression of movement on modern fashion can be shown in two ways, one is the inclusive and subordinate movement expressed on the cloth-ing according to the motion of body when they are worn, and the other is the movement caused by the very designs of clothing. And the latter can be also divided in two ways, the illusionistic movement and the actual move-ment. The expression of actual movement is made through the emphasis of direction, rhythm, and dimension of the costume. And the illusionistic movement is expressed by the de-sign to which the textile pattern or reflection of light is applied so that the movement is larger than the actual movement. A sense of direction expressed on the cos-tume by the actual movement creates a light rhythm and adds interest to the costume. This reflects a part of psychology of modern men who are not accustomed to the statics. In the rapidly changing society of information our modern men seek after movement even in the statics. It is also true in the clothing and they seem to get a psychological rest through the immediated visual change as shown in fashion design. The simple and cheerful rhythm expressed by the illusionistic movement on the costume is attempted in order to overcome the static tediousness caused by simple design. These elements of movement cause the en-largement of visible range and create another enlarged shape other than the real one, so that they come to remove the dullness and monot-ony in costume design and provoke interest in costume, as if kinetic art reveals the various aspects that transcend the closed area of fine art upon the motif of 'movement'. finally, as this paper deals with the ex-pression of movement as shown in the costume design which prevailed after 1988, it is desir-able hereafter to study more about the fashion since 1950 when kinetic art began in earnest, along with the comparative study on the ex-pression of movement in our Korean designer's and foreign designer's works.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 2008

The posters are the tools to communicate authors' idea with others by visual image and a little word. Every discipline has its own sign with specific meaning shared by the members of the discipline. Chemists and students learning chemistry, therefore, will communicate with each other by specific chemical signs (codes). The Korean Chemical Society has held the feast of drawing chemistry posters by students nationwide since 2004. In 2004 and 2005, more than three thousands of posters were submitted, and about one hundred and fifty posters were selected as the prize winners. The award was divided by the grade levels of elementary, middle, and high school. This study explores the codes of chemistry used in students' posters. With the analysis of the visual elements and the verbal elements of posters, 7 chemical codes were found such as the liquid, the experiment apparatus, the graduations, the chemical language, scientists, the earth and environment, and things around us. In addition, the differences were investigated on the grade levels, on awarded or non-awarded poster, and on the years. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.295-345
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• 2003

This study investigated activation of cerebral cortex in patients with hemiplegia that was caused by neural damage. Key-point control movement therapy of Bobath was performed for 9 weeks in 3 subjects with hemiplegia and fMRI was used to compare and analyze activated degree of cerebral cortex in these subjects. fMRI was conducted using the blood oxygen level-dependent(BOLD) technique at 3.0T MR scanner with a standard head coil. The motor activation task consisted of finger flexion-extension exercise in six cycles(one half-cycles = 8 scans = $3\;sec{\times}\;8\;=\;24\;sec$). Subjects performed this task according to visual stimulus that sign of right hand or left hand twinkled(500ms on, 500ms off). After mapping activation of cerebral motor cortex on hand motor function, below results were obtained. 1. Activation decreased in primary motor area, whereas it increased in supplementary motor area and visual association area(p<.001). 2. Activation was observed in bilateral medial frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus of left cerebrum, inferior frontal gyrus, inter-hemispheric, fusiform gyrus of right cerebrum, superior parietal lobule of parietal lobe and precuneus in subjedt 1, parahippocampal gyrus of limbic lobe and cingulate gyrus in subject 2, and inferior frontal gyrus of right frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule of left cerebrum in subject 3 (p<.001). 3. Activation cluster extended in declive of right cellebellum posterior lobe in subject 1, culmen of anterior lobe and declive of posterior lobe in subject 2, and dentate gyrus of anterior lobe, culmen and tuber of posterior lobe in subject 3 (p<.001). In conclusion, these data showed that Key-point control movement therapy of Bobath after stroke affect cerebral cortex activation by increasing efficiency of cortical networks. Therefore mapping of brain neural network activation is useful for plasticity and reorganization of cerebral cortex and cortico-spinal tract of motor recovery mechanisms after stroke.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.163-169
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out whether the environment is based on the Color Universal Design (CUD, CUD Recommended Color Set Guidebook), which is located in the area with the highest proportion of elderly people in the city of Busan in Korea. Five nearby parks in the walking district of Busan were selected to measure the environmental color with a spectrophotometer(Minolta CM-2600d) and web color search. The range of the color survey was limited to the pavement; public facilities(sign, benches, restroom), and exercise&sports facilities. The results of the study are as follows. Overall, the Y color group was dominant, with similar color usage and intensity, and similar levels of saturation. This was analyzed based on the Color Universal Design theory, suggesting that the visual characteristics of the elderly were not taken into account, and the Neighborhood Park located in Busan was found to lack the environmental color of consideration for the visual characteristics. In addition, this study could act as a basic study that can be applied to social and environmental colors that reflect the color perception and cognitive characteristics of the elderly.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.143-161
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• 2002

This essay explores the theories of Italian poet and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini on the language of cinema. In essays such as "The Cinema of Poetry" and "The Written Language of Reality" composed during the 1960s, Pasolini argues for the special status of film language as "pre-grammatical" and links it to visual signifying processes such as dreams and memories. He also views cinema as the inroads towards a general semiotics of reality since, for him, the basic unit of film language is not the shot but those objects of reality that constitute the mise-en-scene of the shot, hence cinema is posited as the written language of reality whose minimal units of articulation are the very objects of reality itself. Accused by semioticians such as Umberto Eco of semiotic ingenuousness in trying to reduce the facts of culture to nature, Pasolini responded by arguing that he was trying to do the opposite, that is to say, to culturalize nature by examining it as a language. Against the constructed naturalism of both commercial and neorealist films, Pasolini argued for the creation of a poetic cinema able to exploit its constitutional pre grammatical, oneiric and sacred relationship with the world. The essay concludes with an analysis of the film Medea in which Pasolini′s attempt to restore a sacred vision of reality merges with his concerns over the cultural genocide of traditional and emarginated peoples at the hands of neocapitalist homologation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.119-133
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• 2002

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate significant differences between the first attack and reattack groups to form fundamental data for decreasing recurrence and secondary prevention of stroke. Methods : I studied 204 patients admitted within 7 days of onset, after the diagnosis of stroke, in the Oriental Medical Hospital of Dongeui University from February to July in 2001.compared the reattack group with the first attack group for risk factors, clinical symptoms and progress, average mark and degree of improvement in Activity Index. Results : 1. Meaningful risk factors associated with the reattack group were male sex, a past history of hypertension and transient ischemic attack, and a family history of stroke. 2. The reattack group had conscious or cognitive disorder in early stage of onset, dysphagia, constipation, urinary incontinence, visual field defect in acute stage, high blood pressure and tachycardia in abnormalvital sign in acute stage, neuropsychosis, shoulder pain and rigidity, and pneumonia in complications more than the first attack group. 3. In Activity Index, the average mark of reattack group was lower than that of the first stroke group and improvement of the reattack group was delayed compared with the first attack group. Conclusions : The reattack group had more severe symptoms and clinical progress than the first attack group.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.120-127
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• 2008

Korean space design image is a kind of writing as well as one of the sign that dissembles itself as a direct transcript of what it represents. Moreover it is pictorial representation and notions such as mental and perceptual imaginary. Significance of Iconology lies in how we transform image and the imagination that produces it into power of trust and respect. From this point of view, the process of this study is illustrated as follows: At first, this study search out concept of archetype, collective unconsciousness and collective representation that found principles on basic theory for interpretation of korean space icon. Secondly, it mentions theoretical background of iconological contents and structure. And it clarifies Iconology as a method that is applicable logic for Korean space design. Finally, as an analysis of korean space design, this study analyse in three steps that are pre-iconological description, iconological analysis, iconological interpretation each in terms of modernization at regional korean space design. In the step of the pre-iconological description, it describe visual representative style based on era and place. In the step of the iconological analysis, the typical structure is classified in status, vernacular, ethnic, traditional. In the step of the iconological interpretation, connotation is categorized into allegory, multivalence, potential. Through this process, this study suggest that iconology is an appropriate analysis system of Korean space design images that represent symbols combined with our collective emotion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.270-274
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• 2007

Clearing trace of symbol which was gone with a series of pre-modern architecture history since the modern architecture (pursuing true nature from tradition which is repeated and imitated unconsciously). That is, What is the course of deconstruction? In the early part of the 20th century, We still accept the necessity of decoration in spite of its existence at one time being threaten. This means, even though symbolism in architecture has relative importance by situation of Times, it plays an important role to add the past to current style through 'Symbol'. The history of Times, a carrier which reflects Present on New Futures, makes memory by gathering data but we can not amplify our historical imagination with only data. Data is a past memory and evidence but we can not substitute that for historical experience. And it is difficult for future generations who don't live through that history to change their historical recognition with recollecting memories. They have to draw history with data but it is very limited in itself. However, They can collect historical memory through symbol in architecture. In this study, We pay attention to the symbolism of a memorial hall architecture. So We'll analyze dichotomy concept of Barthes's signifiant and signifie, visual sign and course of symbolic meaning on basis of Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.E
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• pp.67-73
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• 1990

Many distress mechanisms in pavement are known to be caused by the poor mechanical properties of bituminous concretes. Among many mechanical properties, tensile strength is one of the more important indicates that represent the resistance of pavement to traffic loading. However, there has been no relationship established between the strength and distress mechanisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate a correlation between the tensile strength value and the intensity of distress in bituminous concrete. Distress data were collected from an extensive field investigation over 77km of a four-lane highway in South Carolina, USA, and from laboratory prepared specimens in two phases of study. Strength data were obtained from a total of more than 400 field cores taken from the same highway and from 640marshall specimens of surface course mixture prepared in the laboratory. These data were analyzed using statistical test techniques. It was found from statistical analyses that the tensile strength of bituminous concrete had a strong relation with the pavement condition in the field. In the analysis of rutting and stripping, low strength concrete showed a higher distress rate in the mixture, and mixtures under distress in the field showed obviously reduced strength values. Stripping was found to be the most significant distress mechanism that was correlated with low strength bituminous concrete. Rutting appeared more frequently in a low strength pavement section of the highway as a sign of failure due to traffic loading.