• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2002

Purpose : To develop a dose calibration program for the IAEA TRS-277 and AAPM TG-21, based on the air kerma calibration factor (or the cavity-gas calibration factor), as well as for the IAEA TRS-398 and the AAPM TG-51, based on the absorbed dose to water calibration factor, so as to avoid the unwanted error associated with these calculation procedures. Materials and Methods : Currently, the most widely used dosimetry Protocols of high energy photon beams are the air kerma calibration factor based on the IAEA TRS-277 and the AAPM TG-21. However, this has somewhat complex formalism and limitations for the improvement of the accuracy due to uncertainties of the physical quantities. Recently, the IAEA and the AAPM published the absorbed dose to water calibration factor based, on the IAEA TRS-398 and the AAPM TG-51. The formalism and physical parameters were strictly applied to these four dose calibration programs. The tables and graphs of physical data and the information for ion chambers were numericalized for their incorporation into a database. These programs were developed user to be friendly, with the Visual $C^{++}$ language for their ease of use in a Windows environment according to the recommendation of each protocols. Results : The dose calibration programs for the high energy photon beams, developed for the four protocols, allow the input of informations about a dosimetry system, the characteristics of the beam quality, the measurement conditions and dosimetry results, to enable the minimization of any inter-user variations and errors, during the calculation procedure. Also, it was possible to compare the absorbed dose to water data of the four different protocols at a single reference points. Conclusion : Since this program expressed information in numerical and data-based forms for the physical parameter tables, graphs and of the ion chambers, the error associated with the procedures and different user could be solved. It was possible to analyze and compare the major difference for each dosimetry protocol, since the program was designed to be user friendly and to accurately calculate the correction factors and absorbed dose. It is expected that accurate dose calculations in high energy photon beams can be made by the users for selecting and performing the appropriate dosimetry protocol.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.194-198
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• 2009

Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Purpose: Malignant bowel obstruction causes gastrointestinal symptoms and leads to diminished quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Several studies have shown the efficacy of octreotide for the relief of malignant bowel obstruction-related symptoms. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of octreotide in patients with malignant bowel obstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of twenty nine patients who had suffered from malignant bowel obstruction without clinical improvement of conservative care and subsequently, received octreotide treatment. Initial dosage of octreotide was 0.1 mg/day, and dose was escalated depending on the clinical effect. For each patient, we assessed visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, number of vomiting episode, and amount of nasogastric tube drainage. Results: Median dosage of octreotide was 0.2 mg/day (range 0.1~0.6), and median duration from initial medication to death was 20 days (range 2~103). VAS before and after octreotide treatment were 5.6$\pm$1.24, and 2.7$\pm$0.96, respectively. The numbers of vomiting episode before and after octreotide treatment were 3.6/day$\pm$2.5, and 0.4/day$\pm$0.8, respectively. The mean amounts of nasogastric tube drainage before and after octreotide treatment were 975$\pm$1,083 cc/day and 115$\pm$196 cc/day, respectively. Statistically significant reduction in VAS, the number of vomiting episode and the amount of nasogastric tube drainage were observed after octreotide treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Administration of octreotide in patients with malignant bowel obstruction, which is uncontrolled by other medication, was effective and safe. In such clinical situations, physicians should consider to add of octreotide for symptomatic control.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.31-42
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• 2006

This study originates from the following critical mind; what will the office of the future be like? and what technology will we rely upon most to communicate with colleagues or to access business information. In the office environment today, new technology has compelled new work paradigm and has greatly affected the capabilities of the individual to work in a more productive and efficient manner. However, even though new computer technology has changed the business world so rapidly, it is very difficult to see the changes that have been taken place. As an aim of the study, creating a mobile tool for office workers that successfully supports their work and communication was explored, and this study explored future work environment with a 5 years technological and social perspective. As a result of this study, the bON brings new visions to the mobile professionals via various interfaces. The bON, a mobile device, is both a system of work and of communication for office workers. The bON, as an integrated tool for working and communicating, forms the basis for a mobile information gateway that is equally capable of functioning as a mobile desk. The basic underlying idea is that all formal meeting places and hallways in the office are equipped with large wall-mounted screens. The bON collaborates with these media in various ways to enhance productivity and efficiency. The main challenge for the bON to enhance both mobility and quality of information is using new technology including bendable and flexible display and soft material display and sensors. To answer for the strong needs for mobility, the whole size of the device is fairly small while the screen is rolled inside the device. For Graphical User Interface, moreover, a new technique called Multi-layering Interface was adopted to stretch user's visual limits and suggests new direction in designing mobile device, equipped with small size display.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.189-201
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to survey guardian's opinion on assisting pediatric radiography and their level of awareness of radiation, improving the quality of pediatric radiography. In this study, the recognition was analyzed for 210 parents of child patients in Pusan National University Hospital from August 20 to September 15, 2013. A total of 66.2 percent of the respondents said they had participated in pediatric radiography in the past. The reason why they did is "Radiologist's request", the highest. According to the survey, 84.3 percent said they thought it is necessary to attending patient in pediatric radiography. "The stability of the child" is the reason for it. And respondents who thought there's no need to do that answered back, the reason for this is "Radiologist's work." There was a significant difference on the psychological state for the medical radiation by gender and child age. (p<0.05) In the analysis of recognition for the radiation, there was the significance by gender and education. (p<0.05) Regarding the awareness of the radiation protector, there was a statistical significance in age, gender, child age and education. (p<0.05) Considering the results, pediatric patient's guardians recognized that it is necessary to attend a child on X-ray for their child's stability and accurate exam above all. It must make guardians wear X-ray protector and radiologist should let the guardians recognize the X-ray examination method, before starting pediatric x-ray. It needs to improve the atmosphere of the examination room and to be considered to take visual and auditory approaches in comfort for reducing the children's fear and anxiety.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

This study presents an effective and distinctive marketing strategy through the implementation of the aesthetic art marketing communication technique of storytelling. The reason applying art to marketing is effective is that it gives "class" and aesthetic beauty to the brand's image, which will lead to an increase in revenue and loyalty of consumers. The story stands in for the brand's subject of "desire." Luxury brand customers not only consume high-quality products, require the utmost in service, and value of the brand, they also appreciate the story the brand is telling. The story, combined with art, is called art marketing communication; it makes the brand more unique through its enhanced visual elements. The study discusses art collaboration, art exhibition, a transforming architecture project, art advertisement, a flagship store, and a human resource training center. Based on the "desire," I adopted the element and principle of storytelling. By visualizing the brand with a symbol, the company is able to relate to consumers' sentimentality. Through storytelling art marketing communication, and the strategy using relevance of brand and artist's popularity, the research shows efficient art marketing influences to the brand's image. The results of the research indicate that by using adequate art marketing communication that best reflects the identity and story of the luxury brand, it produces great results; the research also demonstrated, in various ways, that art marketing will succeed. The case showed the following outcomes. First, consumers have a tendency to choose a brand that is associated with an empathizing story. World renowned brands see through the market's "desires" for unique stories, and they also provide the ability to amuse consumers. The story in a product will become an important competitive element in future markets. Second, the art marketing communication applying a story rendered a brand with distinction. The most effective art marketing communications are art collaboration, art exhibition, locomotive architecture project, and others that are adopted as various means. Third, the brand's products were considered as an art piece, which led to not only strengthening the loyalty of consumers but also an increase in sales. In addition, the company could sustain a premium price for the goods sold. By adapting art to a brand's tradition, an innovative and creative new product provides consumer satisfaction, and producing goods in limited editions creates enthusiastic collectors. Fourth, this study suggests an abridged report, implication, limitation of the study, and directions for further research. Referring to the case for the adaptation of luxury brands, efficient art marketing strategies considering Korean company brand and efficiently study preceding Korean company brand art marketing strategy could be proposed.

• Trans-
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• v.9
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• pp.17-36
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• 2020

This study is aimed at discussing the possibility of content production, utilization and expansion, focusing on the exhibition case of Danwon Art Museum run by Ansan Cultural Foundation. In 1991, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism named Ansan as the City of Danwon since it is believed to be the hometown of Danwon Kim Hong-do (1745~?), a painter of the late Joseon Dynasty and a well-known master of genre painting. As a result, Ansan is making various efforts to utilize Danwon Kim Hong-do for its unique resource through internal and external business such as the creation of Danwon Sculpture Park, the operation of Danwon Art Museum, and the planning of Danwon Kim Hong-do Festival. However, the biggest problem with Ansan is that there are not many collections of Kim Hong-do. Ansan has owned a total of six works as of May this year: a deer and a boy, flowers and a bird, A view of clouds on the water, Daegwallyeong, Yeodongbin, A way to Singwangsa. Accordingly, Danwon Contents Center has set up a vision to systematically collect, preserve, and display various visual and artistic materials related to Kim Hong-do, offering high-quality information based on digital data. In other words, it is a complex cultural information agency of One-Source Multi-Use, which combines the functions of libraries, archives and art galleries so that visitors' desire is satisfied. It reflects the contemporary trend of overcoming the limitations of the ancient paintings and satisfying the role and function of the art museum. From the opening of the Danwon Contents Hall, the original work of Kim Hong-do has been interpreted and produced as media contents or recreated as a new form of art by modern artists. Exhibition using technologies such as touch screen and 'deep zoom' helps visitors to heighten their experience of the archives and get inside the world of the genius painter.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

Efficacy of cosmetics has been mainly evaluated by qualitative and quantitative methods based on visual sense, tactile sense and skin structure until now. In this study, we suggested a novel evaluation method for skin status based on sound; measuring and analyzing the rubbing noise generated by applying cosmetics. First, the rubbing noise was measured at a close range by a high-sensitivity microphone in anechoic environment, and the noises were analyzed by 1/3 octave band analysis in frequency-domain. Three conditions, 1) before washing, 2) after washing and 3) after application of cosmetics, were compared. As a result, sound pressure level (SPL) of rubbing noise after washing was larger than that of before washing, and the SPL of rubbing noise after cosmetic application was the smallest. Furthermore, the energy of rubbing noise after application was higher than that of the before and after washing conditions in a low frequency band (lower than 2 kHz region). Conversely, the energy of rubbing noise after application was much lower than the others in a high-frequency band (upper than 2 kHz region). This change of energy distribution was described as a balloon-skin model. High SPL in the low frequency region after the cosmetic applications was due to the increase of "flexibility index", while SPL in the high frequency region significantly decreased because of the attenuation which is related to "softness index". Therefore, we developed two indices based on the spectrum-energy difference for evaluating skin conditions. This proposed method and indices were verified via skin flexibility and roughness measurement using cutometer and primos respectively. These results suggest that acoustic measurement of skin friction noise may be a new skin status evaluation method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objectives: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy of postganglionic nerve block in symptomatic Schmorl nodules (SNs). Summary of Literature Review: SNs are common lesions that are often asymptomatic. In certain cases, SNs have been reported to cause severe axial back pain, thereby considerably impacting patients' quality of life. No consensus currently exists on the treatment of symptomatic SNs. Materials and Methods: From October 2015 to October 2017, a total of 21 patients with symptomatic SNs diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that did not respond to conservative treatment after 4 weeks were included in the study. All patients received postganglionic nerve block. We evaluated effective pain relief (improvement of back pain of more than 50% compared with before the intervention) and functional improvements, assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index scores obtained at 4 hours, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the procedure. Results: Symptomatic SNs were more common at the L2-3 level, and the lower end plate was more commonly involved than the upper end plate. Eighteen of the 21 patients (85.7%) showed effective pain relief, and no deterioration was observed within the followup period. Throughout the follow-up period, the VAS remained significantly improved compared to before the procedure (p<0.05). Complications were not reported in any cases. Conclusions: Postganglionic nerve block for symptomatic SNs that do not respond to conservative treatment is a non-invasive modality for pain relief.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.33
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• pp.127-135
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of Vertical MLC VMAT plan(VMV plan) Using 273° and 350° collimator angle compare to Complemental MLC VMAT plan(CMV plan) using 20° and 340° collimator angle for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials & Methods : Thirty patients treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the VMAT technique were retrospectively selected. Those cases were planned by Eclipse, PO and AcurosXB Algorithm with two 6MV 360° arcs and Each arc has 273° and 350° of collimator angle. The Complemental MLC VMAT plans are based on existing treatment plans. Those plans have the same parameters of existing treatment plans but collimator angle. For dosimetric evaluation, the dose-volumetric(DV) parameters of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were calculated for all VMAT plans. MCSv(Modulation complexity score of VMAT), MU and treatment time were also compared. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to confirm whether there was a correlation between the difference in the MCSv and the difference in each evaluation index of the two treatment plans. Result : In the case of PTV evaluation index, the CI of PTV_67.5 was improved by 3.76% in the VMV Plan, then for OAR, the dose reduction effect of the spinal cord (-14.05%) and brain stem (-9.34%) was remarkable. In addition, the parotid glands (left parotid : -5.38%, right : -5.97%) and visual organs (left optic nerve: -4.88%, right optic nerve: -5.80%, optic chiasm : -6.12%, left lens: -6.12%, right lens: -5.26%), auditory organs (left: -11.74%, right: -12.31%) and thyroid gland (-2.02%) were also confirmed. The difference in MCSv of the two treatment plans showed a significant negative (-) correlation with the difference in CI (r=-0.55) of PTV_54 and the difference in CI (r=-0.43) of PTV_48. Spinal cord (r=0.40), brain stem (r=0.34), and both salivary glands (left: r=0.36, right: r=0.37) showed a positive (+) correlation. (For all the values, p<.05) Conclusion : Compared to the CMV plan, the VMV plan is considered to be helpful in improving the quality of the treatment plan by allowing the MLC to be modulated more efficiently

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1105-1121
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness and safety of frequently used clinical herbal medicines (Yijung-tang [Lizhong-tang, LJT], Pyeongwi-san [Pingwei-san, PWS], and Shihosogan-tang [Chaihu Shugan-tang, SST]) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) when administered according to herbal medicine and Korean medicine pattern identification. The results of this study will be used to standardize the diagnostic instrument used in Korean medicine and to investigate biomarkers of Korean medicine pattern identification. Methods: This study will be a randomized, assessor-blind, 3-arm, parallel, open-label, multi-center clinical trial. A total of 300 FD participants will be recruited from 3 Korean medical hospitals and assigned to the LJT (n=100), PWS (n=100), and SST (n=100) groups according to FD pattern identification. The patients will take the medication for 8 weeks, 3 times a day, before or between meals. The primary outcome will be total dyspepsia symptom (TDS) and the secondary outcomes will be adequate relief (AR) for dyspepsia, overall treatment effect (OTE), visual analogue scale (VAS), functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL), gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS), and pattern identification questionnaires. For the exploratory outcomes, we will analyze blood and fecal metabolome profiles, microbiota from fecal and saliva samples, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and results of Korean medicine diagnosis device measurements (heart rate variability, and tongue, pulse, and abdominal diagnosis). Conclusions: The results of this study will prove objectivity for Korean medicine pattern identifications, and the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines for the population with FD.