• 보건행정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.16-28
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• 2001

This study was to compare multidimensional outcomes of patient's satisfaction after cataract surgery and to identify factors influencing satisfaction after operation. Patient's satisfaction was measured with three dimensions : interpersonal care, physician explanation and hospital care. Overall satisfaction was measured as means of three dimensional scores. For the study, a prospective study was performed with 389 patients who had undergone cataract surgery for either one eye or both eyes. The surgery was performed by 20 ophthalmologists who were practicing at university hospitals and general hospitals. Patients were interviewed and clinical data (the visual acuity of operated eye, visual function, symptom score and satisfaction with vision) were obtained. The doctors were questioned with self-reported questionnaire forms. Medical records were also examined to understand surgery Process. The survey was conducted before(389) and after operation(327). Alter excluding cases with incomplete data, 3n cases were enrolled In this study. Both the overall satisfaction and the satisfaction with physician explanation increased after the operation whereas the satisfaction with interpersonal care and hospital care did not change significantly. Multiple regression analysis showed that the level of education, baseline satisfaction scores and the degree of vision improvement were statistically significant variables. The preoperative lower level of education, higher level of overall satisfaction (interpersonal care, physician explanation, hospital care scores) and the more the satisfaction with vision improvement were associated with the improvement of postoperative satisfaction scores.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권5호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2023

이 연구에서는 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 중학교 과학과 교과서의 물질 단원에 제시된 시각적 입자 표상의 활용 방식을 분석하였다. 4종의 과학 교과서의 물질 단원을 설명, 탐구, 평가 영역으로 구분하고 제시된 시각적 입자 표상의 활용 형태, 요구되는 활동 방식, 활동 수준을 분석하였다. 설명 영역의 경우 시각적 입자 표상은 주로 보조적 활용 형태로 제시되었으며 탐구와 평가 영역의 경우 직접적 활용 형태로 주로 제시되었다. 직접적 활용의 시각적 입자 표상의 활동 방식은 설명과 평가 영역에서는 주로 해석하기가, 탐구 영역에서는 다른 두 영역에 비해 완성하기와 생성하기가 비교적 높은 비율로 제시되었다. 활동 수준의 경우 설명 영역에서는 찾기 수준이, 탐구와 평가 영역에서는 유추하기 수준이 주로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 과학 교과서 속 시각적 입자 표상의 제시와 활용 방향에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.399-410
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• 2020

Detecting visual relationships in an image is important in an image understanding task. It enables higher image understanding tasks, that is, predicting the next scene and understanding what occurs in an image. A visual relationship comprises of a subject, a predicate, and an object, and is related to visual, language, and spatial cues. The predicate explains the relationship between the subject and object and can be categorized into different categories such as prepositions and verbs. A large visual gap exists although the visual relationship is included in the same predicate. This study improves upon a previous study (that uses language cues using two losses) and a spatial cue (that only includes individual information) by adding relative information on the subject and object of the extant study. The architectural limitation is demonstrated and is overcome to detect all zero-shot visual relationships. A new problem is discovered, and an explanation of how it decreases performance is provided. The experiment is conducted on the VRD and VG datasets and a significant improvement over previous results is obtained.

• Architectural research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

Throughout the history of architecture, sometimes the main focus of design was determined by a particular visual representation method, and other times a particular form of visual representation method was required by perception of a particular architectural issue or an architectural form or idea. That is why the visual representation method of architects becomes an important means of reading the flow of idea and thinking behind architecture. This study is an investigation on the relation between architectural thinking and visual representation method expressed through the conceptual drawings by avant-garde architects of the 1970s and 80s, a period of the emergence of postmodernism. Rather than proving the objective reality regarded important by traditional architectural drawing, attempts are made to express the design concept in which the project has its base. Such interpretation and explanation regarding the concept become the main interest of the drawing. It is not that the architecture itself was not expressed in the contents, but it may not be the main subject of expression in the drawing. The value of architectural drawing recovers its value as an art work in itself, as a means of communication, and as an important conceptual tool in the design process. It can be seen that the visual representation method in postmodern architectural drawings is breaking free of the traditional objective depiction of matter and is changing and developing as a design tool of the architect.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2016

Currently on the school education site, various multimedia contents are used to effectively deliver knowledge to the students and increase interest in class. The majority of the multimedia contents currently used in classes are composed of visual and auditory information. This paper intends to maximize actuality and immersion in the content by adding olfactory information to the existing visual and auditory data. Tangible contents were developed based on the details of aromatic plants learned in the fifth grade of elementary school. The shape and explanation of the aromatic plants are displayed with visual and auditory information, and an aroma spraying application is used to allow the students to smell the aromatic plants. After conducting the class using the developed contents, the students' satisfaction of the class, as well as their overall academic understanding, were investigated. Upon doing so, it was discovered that the students' academic understanding and satisfaction increased in comparison to classes comprised of only visual and auditory contents.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1453-1464
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• 2001

The first objective of this study was to investigate the current status of the display of traditional costumes by observing museums in Seoul ; the National Folk Museum and the Royal Museum. The second objective was to investigate the satisfaction and need of their visitors by a survey method. To collect the data, several observations were made by the author, interviews were conducted to the students whose major is related to clothing and a survey using questionaires was conducted to the consumers who visited the museum in the fall of 2000. To analyze the data, both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized. The major results were as follows; Two museums were differentiated in the contents of display, but some of costumes displayed were overlapped. In both museums, there were few visual explanations. The visitors were highly interested in the costume display in the museum. The most dissatisfactory area was the way and contents of costume explanation. The preferred contents, method, explanation and environment of the display of traditional costumes were partially different according to visitors’, characteristics. The reforming of the display of costumes reflecting the results will increase the visitors’satisfaction and therefore strengthen the competitiveness of the museums.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a novel visualization technique to explain the predictions of deep neural networks. We use knowledge distillation (KD) to identify the interior of a black-box model for which we know only inputs and outputs. The information of the black box model will be transferred to a white box model that we aim to create through the KD. The white box model will learn the representation of the black-box model. Second, the white-box model generates attention maps for each of its layers using Grad-CAM. Then we combine the attention maps of different layers using the pixel-wise summation to generate a final saliency map that contains information from all layers of the model. The experiments show that the proposed technique found important layers and explained which part of the input is important. Saliency maps generated by the proposed technique performed better than those of Grad-CAM in deletion game.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2008

This study was done to explain the role of limestone which might intervene in the phosphorus cycle in a lake. The effects of limestone on the dissolution of phosphate were estimated by simulations with the computer model Visual MINTEQ, which is designed for the chemical equilibrium calculations. According to the calculations limestone shows remarkable effects for the suppression of phosphate dissolution. The limestone can suppress the dissolution of phosphates by sacrificing themselves to acids, and as a consequence can increase the hardness and alkalinity of the lake. Both hardness and alkalinity play an important role in reducing soluble P and thus alleviate the eutrophication potential.

• 감성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 적응신경망퍼지추론시스템(ANFIS)과 회귀분석을 활용하여 7가지 역학적 특성치를 갖는 면직물의 시각적 질감을 해석하고 두 가지 방법을 비교하는 것이다. AMFIS는 퍼지 소속 함수와 신경망 구조를 갖는 것으로 인간의 비선형적 감성예측에 유용한 도구이다. 상관관계 및 회귀 분석의 통계분석은 7가지 역학적 특성치가 주관적 질감과 선형의 관계가 있음을 나타내었지만 설명력이 높지 않았고, 선형 이외의 관련성과 변수들 간의 상호작용을 표현하기 어려운 문제가 있었다. 통계분석과 비교하여, ANFIS는 변수들 간의 비선형적인 관련성과 상호작용을 가시적으로 보여주는데 설명력 있는 유용한 도구였으나, 입력 변수 중 출력 변수에 영향력이 있는 변수를 변별하지 못하여, 생성된 규칙의 수가 복잡한 문제가 있었다. 따라서 ANFIS의 해석이 단순하고 의미있는 모델을 구성하기 위해서는 영향력 있는 출력 변수를 추출하고 나머지 변수를 유사하게 통제하는 실험 모델의 구성이 필요하다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was not only to clearly examine the features of the scenery and visual elements of Oreum (parasitic cones) but also to investigate primary factors in landscape preferences for these cones. This study further attempted to gain basic information for examining the preservation of Oreum in regards to the influence of scenery on the general public. A Multiple Regression Analysis was used for this study for which the independent variable was the area ratio of the fore-, mid-, and background of the view under the feature element and the structure of the scenery at the Oreum. The dependent variables were the preference value, the number of summits, and the highest altitude of the Oreum. All but the highest inclination were positive variables. The area ratio of the Oreum was found to be the most important variable. The area of sky and the area of the distant scenery were shown to be positive explanation variables, while the area to the fore of the view and the area to the middle of the view were shown as negative explanation variable. In the preference for Oreum scenery, which has a high visibility and is clearly outlined against the skyline, it was found that as the hindrance element of visibility near to a visual point or the area ratio increased, the preference for the Oreum scenery decreased.