• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Abdominal obesity is considered as one of the most risky factors governing the development of metabolic diseases. Here we identify that human chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1, also called YKL-40 in human) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs883125, is associated with abdominal obesity in Korean women. Korean women subjects with the rs883125 G/G or C/G genotype present higher waist-hip ratio than subjects with C/C genotype suggesting that human subjects who G nucleotide substitution at the rs883125 tended to more accumulate intra-abdominal fat at the abdominal cavity. In addition, Chi3l1 gene expression is increased in adipose tissue from obese mice and pro-inflammatory cytokine enhances Chi3l1 expression in adipocytes, indicating that Chi3l1 is greatly related with obesity and obesity-induced pro-inflammatory responses. Taken together, the minor allele of rs883125 is associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity in Korean women. These findings suggest that genotype of rs883125 can be a biomarker of incident abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity-related metabolic diseases.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2009

We have examined the hypothesis that the Gly972Arg variant of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene is associated with the components contributing to overweight (obesity) and metabolic syndrome. We describe IRS1 genotype frequencies in 274 Korean men. The frequencies of Gly972Gly (GIG) and Gly972Arg (G/A variant) of the IRS1 gene were 88.3% and 11.7%, respectively, and the differences in frequencies between the overweight (BMI$\geq$25kg/m$^2$) group and non-overweight (BMI<25kg/m$^2$) group were statistically significant. The subjects with G/A variant of IRS1 gene in non-overweight had significantly higher level of visceral fat thickness and adiponectin/leptin ratio than those with GIG alleles. In overweight group, the subjects with G/A variant of IRS1 gene also showed significantly higher level of insulin than those with GIG alleles. These results suggest that the IRS1 genetic polymorphism is involved in the occurrence of overweight, as well as metabolic syndrome.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.841-846
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to determine whether the two-step time-restricted feeding improves the fattening traits of one-step time-restricted feeding in geese. Thirty-six 8-wk-old geese were allotted into one of three groups. Group R1 (the 1-step restricted feeding group) was allowed access to feed for 2 h in the morning from 8 wk to 14 wk of age. Group R2 (the 2-step restricted feeding group) was treated as Group R1, but was additionally fed for 2 h in the afternoon from 12 wk to 14 wk of age. Group C (the control group) was fed ad libitum from 8 wk to 14 wk of age. Feed intake and body weight (BW) were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. At 14 wk of age, the blood samples were collected to determine the fasting plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerols and uric acid before sacrifice. The results showed that daily feed intake (DFI) was lower, feed efficiency (FE) was higher in both Groups R1 and R2 than in Group C, and daily gain (DG) in Group R2 was higher than in Group R1 during the whole experimental period (p<0.05). Group R1 exhibited lower abdominal and visceral fat weights in carcass than did Group C (p<0.05), and Group R2 was in intermediate. The fasting plasma glucose levels in Group C were higher, and triacylglycerol levels in Group R1 were higher, compared with the other groups (p<0.05). It is concluded that time-restricted feeding in the fattening period not only increases FE but reduces DFI, and the additional meal during the late fattening period improves the DG without the expense of FE in geese.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.271-285
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a physical activity promoting program based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model on physical activity and health outcomes among obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This study utilized a randomized controlled trial with a convenience sample of 75 obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis in a university hospital. The older adults in the intervention group participated in a 12-week program involving weekly group sessions and monitoring calls with education booklets and video clips for exercise dances, while those in the control group received an usual care. Outcomes were measured using self-report questionnaires, anthropometrics, and blood analyses. The intervention effects were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and ANCOVA. Results: The mean age of participants was 74.9 years with 84.0% women. The intervention group at 12 weeks showed significantly greater improvements in self-efficacy for physical activity (F=81.92, p<.001), physical activity amounts (Z=-2.21, p=.044), knee joint function (F=15.88, p<.001), and health-related quality of life (F=14.89, p<.001) compared to the control group. Among obese-metabolic outcomes, the intervention group at 12 weeks showed a significant decrease in visceral fat mass (F=7.57, p=.008) and improvement in high-density level cholesterol (F=9.51, p=.003) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Study findings support the need for an IMB based physical activity program for promoting physical activity, knee function and health outcomes in obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the persistence of obese-metabolic effects in clinical settings.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2012

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome has received attention as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with particular importance attached to visceral fat accumulation, which is associated with lifestyle-related diseases and is strongly correlated with waist circumference. In this study, our aim is to propose waist circumference cut-off values that can be used as a marker for fatty liver based on a sample of workers receiving health checkups in Japan. Methods: This study was conducted in a total of 21,866 workers who underwent periodic health checkups between January 2007 and December 2007. The mean age of the subjects was 47.4 years for men (standard deviation [SD]: 8.0) and 44.7 years for women (SD: 6.9). Evaluation included abdominal ultrasound and measurement of waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. Results: Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal waist circumference cut-off values were shown as 85.0 cm (sensitivity 0.72, specificity 0.69) for men and 80.0 cm (sensitivity 0.75, specificity 0.78) for women. Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound is the most efficient means of diagnosing fatty liver, but this examination seldom occurs because the test is not routinely performed at workers' health checkups. In people found to have a high risk of fatty liver, recommendations can be made for abdominal ultrasound based on the waist circumference cut-off values obtained in this study. That is, waist circumference can be used in high risk individuals as an effective marker for early detection of fatty liver.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to report the clinical efficacy of Korean medical treatment of a patient with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accompanied by obesity and dyslipidemia. Methods: A 52-year-old man with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia was treated with Saenggangunbi-tang extract from November 3, 2021 to January 8, 2022. During the treatment period, the patient also undertook exercise and maintained a hypocaloric diet to reduce body weight. Changes were observed in the patient's symptoms, laboratory findings, such as liver enzymes and lipid profiles, and bioelectrical impedance analyzer results. Results: After taking Saenggangunbi-tang extract for approximately two months, with concomitant adjustments to exercise and diet, the serum levels of liver enzymes and triglyceride were decreased and the patient's body weight, body mass index, hepatic steatosis index, and visceral fat area were also reduced. In addition, symptoms including fatigue and dyspepsia improved. Conclusion: This study suggests that Saenggangunbi-tang extract with exercise and a regulated diet could be a helpful treatment strategy for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic disorders.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to identify whether herbal medicine improves the clinical symptoms and abnormal blood tests of a patient with fatty liver accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: A 44-year-old man with fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia was prescribed Saenggangunbi-tang from July 20, 2020, to November 11, 2020, to reduce fatigue and to improve laboratory findings, such as liver enzymes and the lipid profile. We observed changes in symptoms, serum levels of liver enzymes, and the lipid profile during about 4-month treatment. We also recorded changes in the bioelectrical impedance analyzer findings during that time. Results: In this case study, an approximately 4-month treatment with Saenggangunbi-tang led to considerable improvement in laboratory findings and visceral fat area. In particular, the patient experienced a noticeable decrease in triglyceride levels compared with the baseline parameters of the first visit. In addition, no side effects-including weight gain and liver enzyme increases-were observed during treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that appropriately prescribed herbal medicine is a therapeutic option to manage fatty liver combined with hypertriglyceridemia.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.795-802
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• 2003

목 적 : 지방조직에 존재하는 OB 유전자에서 전사된 호르몬인 leptin은 여러 가지 생리적 요인이나, 호르몬에 의해서 영향을 받는다. Leptin의 발현에 대한 호르몬에 대한 연구가 많은 동물 실험들을 상대로 시도되고 있으나 사람에서 OB 유전자와 leptin 분비를 조절하는 호르몬의 영향 및 상호작용에 대해서는 아직 명확히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 사람의 복강에서 추출한 조직배양에서 OB 유전자와 leptin 분비를 조절하는 호르몬의 영향 및 상호작용에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 복부수술을 위하여 입원한 환자 7명을 대상으로 복강 내 지방조직을 절제하여 배양액에 호르몬을 첨가하지 않은 상태와 배양액에 인슐린, dexamethasone 및, 성장호르몬을 단독으로 첨가하거나, 인슐린과 dexamethasone을 동시에 첨가하거나, 인슐린과 dexamethasone과 성장호르몬을 같이 첨가한 상태에서 48시간 배양한 후 RNA를 추출하여 경쟁적 역전사 중합반응(competitive RT-PCR)을 시행하여 OB 유전자의 발현을 측정하고, human leptin IRMA Kit를 사용하여 지방조직에서 분비되는 배양액 내 leptin 양을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 인슐린은 단독으로는 OB 유전자 발현과 leptin 분비에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. Dexamethasone은 OB 유전자의 발현과 leptin 분비를 증가시켰는데, 48시간 배양 후에 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가하였다. 인슐린과 dexamethasone을 같이 배양시에는 OB 유전자 발현에 있어서는 의미있는 차이는 없었으나, leptin 분비는 48시간 배양 후 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가하였다. 또한 성장호르몬 단독으로는 OB 유전자의 발현에 영향을 미치지는 못하나, 인슐린, dexamethasone, 성장호르몬을 같이 배양시에 인슐린과 dexamethasone의 OB 유전자 발현과 leptin 분비증가 능력을 억제시켰다. 결 론 : 인슐린 단독으로는 leptin 분비를 증가시키지 못하나, dexamethasone에 의해 상승작용이 나타나고, 이는 dexamethasone이 OB 유전자 발현을 증가시킨 후에 인슐린이 세포질내에서의 leptin 분비를 증가시킨다고 추정할 수 있다. 성장호르몬의 억제효과는 성장호르몬이 인슐린이나 dexamethasone에 대한 지방조직의 반응성을 변화시킴으로써 간접적으로 leptin의 발현을 조절할 것으로 추정되며, dexamethasone이 OB 유전자 발현을 증가시킨 후에 인슐린이 세포질 내에서의 leptin 분비를 증가시킨다는 것에 대한 연구가 더 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2009

G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) is a newly-discovered short-chain free fatty acid receptor and its functions remain to be defined. The objective of this study was to investigate the function of GPR43 on lipolysis. We successfully cloned the GPR43 gene from the pig (EU122439), and measured the level of GPR43 mRNA in different tissues and primary pig adipocytes. The expression level of GPR43 mRNA was higher in adipose tissue and increased gradually with adipocyte differentiation. Then we examined GPR43 mRNA level in different types, growth-stages and various regions of adipose tissue of pigs. The results showed that the expression level of GPR43 mRNA was significantly higher in adipose tissue of obese pigs than in lean pigs, and the expression level also gradually increased as age increased. We further found that the abundance of GPR43 mRNA level increased more in subcutaneous fat than visceral fat. Thereafter, we studied the correlation between GPR43 and lipid metabolism-related genes in adipose tissue and primary pig adipocytes. GPR43 gene had significant negative correlation with hormone-sensitive lipase gene (HSL, r = -0.881, p<0.01) and triacylglycerol hydrolase gene (TGH, r = -0.848, p<0.01) in adipose tissue, and had positive correlation with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$ gene ($PPAR_{\gamma}$, r = 0.809, p<0.01) and lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL, r = 0.847, p<0.01) in adipocytes. In addition, we fed different concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to mice, and analyzed expression level changes of GPR43, HSL and TGH in adipose. The results showed that DHA down-regulated GPR43 and up-regulated HSL and TGH mRNA levels; GPR43 also had significant negative correlation with HSL (low: r = -0.762, p<0.01; high: r = -0.838, p<0.01) and TGH (low: r = -0.736, p<0.01; high: r = -0.586, p<0.01). Our results suggested that GPR43 is a potential factor which regulates lipolysis in adipose tissue, and DHA as a receptor of GPR43 might promote lipolysis through down-regulating the expression of GPR43 mRNA.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was undertaken to verify the effects of Wolbigachul-tang1(WBCEx1) on obesity using high fat diet-induced male mice and to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods : 8-week old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups; lean control, obese control, WBCEx1, 2, 3. After mice were treated with WBCEx1(water extract), 2(30% ethanol extract), 3(water extract; Ephedra sinica Stapf., Gypsum fibrosum) for 12 weeks, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, plasma lipid and glucose metabolism, the messenger RNA(mRNA) expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor(PPAR)$\alpha$ target genes were measured. In addition, $PPAR{\alpha}$ target gene expression was examined in liver, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Results : 1. WBCEx1-treated mice had significantly lower body weight gain and feeding efficiency ratio. 2. Consistent with the effects on body weight gain, WBCEx1 decreased the weights of epididymal and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue, inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue. 3. WBCEx1 significantly decreased plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. 4. The size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by WBCEx1, whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was increased. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by WBCEx1. 5. WBCEx1 did not affect the mRNA expression of $PPAR{\alpha}$ target genes in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. 6. Plasma asparate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatine concentrations were in the physiological range. Liver and kidney weights were significantly lower following WBCEx treatment compared with obese controls, indicating that WBCEx does not show any toxic effects on liver and kidney. Conclusions : These results suggest that WBCEx1-induced body weight reduction is associated with appetite control and mediated by a mechanism other than the activation of $PPAR{\alpha}$.