• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this survey is the development on the neck pain for acupuncture and moxibustion clinical guideline. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results and Conclusions : 1. The first selected pattern identification on the neck pain This study shows that the meridian pattern identification was selected 35 times(61.4%), the pattern identification based on cause of disease was selected 8 times(14.0%), the visceral pattern identification was selected 7 times(12.3%), the other pattern identification was selected 4 times(7.0%), Qi blood yin yang pattern identification was selected 2 times(3.5%), according to symptoms was selected 1 time(2.4%). 2. Meridian pattern identification Small intestine meridian of hand Taeyang was used 39 times(18.1%), Large intestine meridian of hand Yangmyeong and Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang was used 34 times(15.7%), Gall-bladder meridian of foot Soyang was 32 times(14.8%), Tripple energizer meridian of hand Soyang was used 31 times(14.4%), Governor meridian was used 30 times(13.9%), Lung meridian of hand Taeeum was used 8 times(3.7%), Heart meridian of hand Soeum and Pericarduim meridian of hand Gworeum was used 4 times(1.9%). 3. Pattern identification based on cause of disease Wind-Cold-Dampness was used 31 times(17.5%), Accumulation of the collateral by Phelgm-Dampness was used 16 times(14.0%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Cold(stiff neck, sprain of cervical) was used 13 times (11.4%), Defecient-Cold was used 10 times(8.8%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness was used 9 times(7.9%), Deep Invasion by Wind-Cold was used 8 times(7.0%), Wind-Cold was used 7 times (6.1%), Wind-Cold was used 6 times(5.3%), Accumulation in the Center by Phelgm-Dampness, Imparement of bou fluid by Pathogenic Heat, Wind-Heat with Dampness was used 5 times(4.4%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness and Accumulation of the collateral by Wind-Cold was used 4 times(3.5%), Invasion of Dampness-Heat was used 2 times(1.8%). 4. Visceral pattern identification Rising of the Liver yang was used 16 times(41%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney+pathogens was used 15 times(38.5%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney was used 8 times(20.5%) on this survey.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

The Theory of Meridian can be classified into early form of pre- and present form of after-. The representative early form of meridian is Eleven Meridians in Mawangdui scrolls(馬王堆帛書) which use Six Qi Diagnosis(六氣辨證). because it did not adopt Visceral Pattern Identification(臟腑辨證). The present form of meridian is Twelve Meridians of . It has developed to investigate relations between Visceral and disease with Five Phase Theory. Analyzing the name of the Six Meridians in the Shanghanlun(傷寒論)On Cold Damage, there are no hands, feet and visceral signs. and it is almost identical to Eleven Meridians in Mawangdui scrolls. According to , Eleven Meridians use only Six Foot Meridians(足六經) to classify diseases. This fact was applied identically to the Six Meridians in the Shanghanlun. Therefore many doctors, especially Hanzhihe(韓祗和) and Zhangzhicong(張志聰) mentioned that "I have never seen a book on Shanghanlun discuss about Hand Meridians(手經)."

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2017

This study draws pattern differentiations of headache disorders on the ground of modern clinical applications and Korean medical literature. Categorization and symptoms of headache disorders are based on International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition(beta version). And clinical papers are searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). In the aspect of eight principle pattern identification, primary headache occurs due to lots of yang qi and has more inner pattern rather than exterior pattern, heat pattern rather than cold pattern, excess pattern rather than deficiency pattern. And primary headache is related with liver in the aspect of visceral pattern identification and blood stasis, wind and phlegm are relevant mechanisms. Migraine without aura is associated with ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, phlegm turbidity, sunken spleen qi, wind-heat, blood deficiency or yin deficiency. Migraine with aura is mainly related with wind and it's major mechanisms are ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, liver fire, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, blood deficiency or liver depression and qi stagnation. High repetition rate of tension-type headache can be identified as heat pattern or excess pattern. And trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias can also be accepted as heat pattern or excess pattern when the occurrence frequency is high and is relevant to combined pattern with excess pattern of external contraction and deficiency pattern of internal damage based on facial symptoms by external contraction and nervous and anxious status by liver deficiency. This study can be expected to be Korean medical basis of clinical practice guidelines on headache by proposing pattern identifications corresponding to the western classifications of headache disorders.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2012

1. 형상의학(形象醫學)에서는 사람을 얼굴형태에 따라 정(精) 기(氣) 신(神) 혈(血)과로 이목구비(耳目口鼻)의 기능에 따라 어(魚) 조(鳥) 주(走) 갑류(甲類)로 분류하며, 이러한 분류에 따른 장부(臟腑)의 특성을 사암침(舍巖鍼) 운용에 활용하면 임상에서 활용도가 높다. 2. 어류(魚類)는 수(水)의 기운(氣運)이 많아 수체(水體)라고도 하며 신장(腎臟)이 발달하여 신장(腎臟)과 관련된 병이 오기 쉽다. 그 본치(本治)가 보정보기(補精補氣)이며 주로 신정격(腎正格)을 운용하고 신양허쇠(腎陽虛衰)인 경우 신열격(腎熱格), 신음허(腎陰虛)인 경우 신한격(腎寒格)을 쓰며 정혈(精血)의 휴손(虧損)이 심한 경우 간정격(肝正格)도 운용할 수 있다. 3. 조류(鳥類)는 화(火)의 기운(氣運)을 많이 받아 화체(火體)라고도 하며 심장(心臟)이 발달하여 심장병(心臟病) 신경성 질환이 잘 온다. 그 본치(本治)가 자음강화(滋陰降火)며 심장(心臟)의 음혈(陰血)을 보(補)하고 화(火)를 내리는 심한격(心寒格)을 위주로 하여, 심화(心火)를 사(瀉)하면서 음혈(陰血)을 보해주고 신지(神志)를 안정시키는 심승격(心勝格), 심기(心氣)가 부족한 경우 심정학(心正格), 심담(心膽)이 모두 허(虛)한 경우 담정격(膽正格)을 운용할 수 있다. 4. 주류(走類)의 목(木)의 기운(氣運)이 많아 목체(木體)라고도 하며 간(肝)이 발달(發達)하여 간(肝)과 관련된 병(病)이 잘 온다. 그 본치(本治)가 청열사습(靑熱瀉濕), 자혈양근(滋血養筋)이므로 간정격(肝正格)을 주로 운용하고, 간화(肝火)가 동(動)하거나 간실증(肝實證)이 나타난 경우 간한격(肝寒格)이나 간승격(肝勝格)을, 간기(肝氣)가 항진(亢進)으로 인해 비기(脾氣)가 허(虛)해져 있는 경우 비정격(脾正格)을, 습열이 너무 성(盛)한 경우 대장정격(大場正格)을 운용할 수 있다. 5. 갑류(甲類)는 금(金)의 기운(氣運)이 많아 금체(金體)라고도 하며 폐(肺)가 발달하여 폐(肺)와 관련된 병이 잘 온다. 그 본치(本治)가 해울소담(解鬱消痰)이므로 폐정격(肺正格)을 통해 보폐순기(補肺順氣)하며 울증(鬱症)이 심한 경우 폐승격(肺勝格)으로 통해 소담(消痰)시켜주고 기울방(氣鬱方)으로 해울(解鬱)하기도 한다. 6. 정과(精科)는 그 특성상 정(精)의 누설(漏泄)에 의한 증상 및 정부족(精不足), 양허증상(陽虛證狀)과 정(精)의 과도한 응집(凝集)에 의한 습열(濕熱)이 기본 병리이며 기본처방은 신기(腎氣)를 강화하는 신정격(腎正格)을 중심으로 하여, 신열격(腎熱格) 신한격(腎寒格) 등을 변증에 따라 운용하며 습열(濕熱)이 성한 경우 대장정격(大腸正格) 비승격(脾勝格) 등 습열(濕熱)을 다스리는 처방과 비정격(脾正格), 습담방(濕痰方) 등 습담(濕痰)을 다스리는 처방이 운용될 수 있다. 7. 기과(氣科)의 기본 병리(病理)는 기울(氣鬱), 기체(氣滯)에 의한 구기(九氣), 칠기(七氣), 중기(中氣), 매핵기(梅核氣), 불면증(不眠症) 등 신경성 질환이 많고 특히 여자의 경우 손발과 하복부가 차고 대소변이 안좋으며 징가(癥痂), 현벽(痃癖) 등의 질환이 많다. 또한 지나친 발산(發散)으로 인하여 기허증(氣虛證)이 나타나기도 한다. 따라서 기본처방은 기울방(氣鬱方), 담음방(痰飮方), 담현방(痰眩方), 기수방(氣嗽方), 폐승격(肺勝格), 삼초정격(三焦正格) 등이며, 기허증(氣虛證)이 나타나는 경우 폐정격(肺正格)을 사용할 수 있다. 8. 신과(神科)의 기본병리는 칠정울결(七情鬱結)이나 담화(痰火), 화성음허(火盛陰虛)이며 대표적인 증상은 경계(驚悸), 정충(怔忡), 건망(健忘), 불면(不眠), 전간(癲癎), 전광(癲狂) 등이다. 따라서 기본처방은 심한격(心寒格), 심승격(心勝格), 심정격(心正格), 담정격(膽正格), 비한격(脾寒格)을 중심으로 열담방(熱痰方), 군화방(君火方), 상화방(相火方), 화울방(火鬱方) 등을 사용할 수 있다. 9. 혈과(血科)의 기본병리는 어혈(瘀血) 및 출혈이며 대표적인 증상은 구규출혈(九竅出血)과 어혈(瘀血), 혈허증(血虛證)이다. 따라서 기본처방은 간정격(肝正格), 손혈방(損血方), 심한격(心寒格) 비한격(脾寒格) 심비한격(心脾寒格), 소장정격(小腸正格), 소장한격(小腸寒格), 어혈방(瘀血方), 뉵혈방(衄血方) 등을 사용할 수 있다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the pattern identification (PI) and clinical index of Parkinson's disease (PD) for personalized diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This prospective observational multi-center study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with PD from two Korean medicine hospitals. To cluster new subtypes of PD, items on a PI questionnaire (heat and cold, deficiency and excess, visceral PI) were evaluated along with pulse and tongue analysis. Gait analysis was performed and blood and feces molecular signature changes were assessed to explore biomarkers for new subtypes. In addition, unified PD rating scale II and III scores and the European quality of life 5-dimension questionnaire were assessed. Results: The clinical index obtained in this study analyzed the frequency statistics and hierarchical clustering analysis to classify new subtypes based on PI. Moreover, the biomarkers and current status of herbal medicine treatment were analyzed using the new subtypes. The results provide comprehensive data to investigate new subtypes and subtype-based biomarkers for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of PD patients. Ethical approval was obtained from the medical ethics committees of the two Korean medicine hospitals. All amendments to the research protocol were submitted and approved. Conclusions: An objective and standardized diagnostic tool is needed for the personalized treatment of PD by traditional Korean medicine. Therefore, we developed a clinical index as the basis for the PI clinical evaluation of PD. Trial Registration: This trial is registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (KCT0008677)

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to survey the present utilization of pattern identification(PI) in the clinical field among Korean Medicine Doctors. Method : This survey was conducted from Oct. 1 to Oct. 31, 2014 by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire. The subjects were 400 korean medicine doctors who worked in hospitals or clinics. The questionnaire consisted of two sections - a demographics section(i.e., sex, age, clinical experience, place of work, residence and so on) and the main research section(i.e., the PI utilization rate, the utilization of PI systems, the utilization of PI in the clinical domain and in the treatment domain, the correlation between utilization PI and so on). Results : This study revealed that subjects used the PI to 66.7% of their patients on average. The utilization rate of PI in patients was significantly higher for female physicians than for male physicians, for physicians worked in clinics than for physicians who worked in hospitals and for physicians with more than 10 years clinical experience than for physicians with less than 10 years clinical experience. In the utilization of PI systems, Visceral PI was most as 92.0%. There were significant difference on the PI utilization rate according to utilization of Meridian and Collateral PI, Triple Energizer PI, Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood PI, Six-Meridian PI and Six Excesses PI. As a result of analysing the PI utilization rate by clinical domain and in the treatment domain, the Treatment and the Drug Treatment showed the highest values. Among utilized PI systems, the correlation coefficients between Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood PI and Triple Energizer PI showed the highest value, but the correlation coefficients between Sasang Constitutional Medicine with the each PI showed substantially lower value. Conclusion : The results of this study demonstrate that usage of PI was higher than usage of U code(in KCD) usage in clinical field. we suggested that additional studies on using PI and developing more appropriate standardized tool should be conducted to widen scope of PI's utilization.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to survey the present utilization of pattern identification(PI) by chronic disease and using PI system in the clinical field among Korean medicine doctors. Methods : This survey was conducted from Oct. 1 to Oct. 31, 2014 by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire. The subjects were 400 Korean medicine doctors who worked in hospitals or clinics. The questionnaire consisted of whether use clinical experience by chronic disease and the utilization of PI, the utilization of PI systems, the PI utilization rate, and the correlation between utilization PI and so on. General elements consisted of sex, age, clinical experience, place of work, district and so on. Results and Conclusions : This study revealed that clinical experience by chronic disease used 24.0-90.8%. The most chronic diseases were chronic fatigue and chronic pain, and least disease was cancer. Experience of the utilization of PI among Korean medicine doctors who have clinical experience was 87.8-97.1%. Also, the most utilized disease was chronic gastritis & gastric ulcer, and least disease was dyslipidemia. In this case, the most common cases were using the one PI between the utilization of PI systems, and the utilization ratio of Visceral PI was the highest. Phi coefficient between the PI systems in chronic diseases divided into positive correlation and negative correlation. The correlation of dementia between Triple energizer PI and Six excesses PI was the highest at positive correlation, and the frequency of occurrence between Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood PI was the highest at positive correlation. The correlation of osteoarthropathy between Meridian and Collateral PI and Sasang Constitutional Medicine was the highest at negative correlation. Also the frequency of occurrence between Qi, Blood, Fluid and Humor PI and Sasang Constitutional Medicine was the highest at negative correlation. We hope that additional studies on systematic PI research of chronic disease which needed to be in korean oriental medicine and meet the needs of clinical consumer continue based on this study.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.21-36
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• 2021

Objectives We aimed to understand etiology, pattern differentiation, treatment principle, and the role of selected herbs in the treatment of Korean herbal medicine for allergic conjunctivitis (AC) in children. Methods We searched relevant literature published up to February 20, 2021 through CNKI, using search formula of (SU= '結膜炎'+'conjunctivitis') AND (SU='儿童'+'小儿'+'少儿'+'幼年') AND (SU='治療'+'中医治療'+'中藥'+'中医藥'+'顆粒'+'胶囊'+'自擬'+'湯'+'丸'+'散'+'方'). Results Among 81 searched studies, 9 randomized controlled trials and 1 case report were selected and analyzed. In all studies included, the efficacy of herbal treatment for AC was confirmed, and there was no evidence that herbal medicine treatment has higher risk of developing side effects compared to conventional eye drop treatment. As an etiology, wind (風邪) was observed the most frequently, and Saposhnikoviae Radix (防風) and Schizonepetae Spica (荊芥) were in frequent use to dispel wind (祛風). As visceral pattern identification, spleen (脾) and lung (肺) were two important keywords, and spleen deficiency (脾虛), dampness-heat in the spleen and stomach (脾胃濕熱), lung qi deficiency (肺氣虛) were main pathologic mechanisms. Else, treatments related to liver (肝) and removing dampness-heat (濕熱) were mentioned next. Conclusions This study is significant in that AC in children, which has a lack of research compared to other allergic diseases, has been studied in the contents of Korean medicine and laid foundation that can be used as basic data in the actual clinical field. Based on this study, it is hoped that clinical data of Korean herbal medicine treatment for childhood AC will be further accumulated.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2016

In order to analyze the pathomechanisms of dysmenorrhea and efficiency of DSOM(diagnosis system of oriental medicine), clinical test was performed for 541 childbearing women having menstrual pain in P metropolitan city. The experimental group was composed of subjects who experience discomfort in daily life or interpersonal activities caused by menstrual pain with scores of 4 or above on the measurement of menstrual pain (MMP). The control group was composed of subjects reporting little or no discomfort with scores of 3 or below on the MMP. The menstrual period measurements were taken within 2-3 days following the first day of menstruation, when menstrual pain is at its peak. While non-menstrual period measurement were within 7-10 days after the last day of menstruation. The dampness pathomechanism was yielded most frequently in both groups, and then heart、heat、blood deficiency、cold、qi deficiency、phlegm、qi congestion、blood stasis in order. And the significant differences were in the pathomechanisms of blood deficiency、blood stasis、qi congestion、five viscera、phlegm and cold between the two groups. This means that general pathomechanisms of childbearing women in twenties mainly are dampness and heat, especially the experimental group has mostly disharmony of six qi and/but then move to insufficiency and stagnation of qi and blood and then to visceral disease pattern having statistically significant difference. Moreover in the two times of investigation, the output of pathomechanisms in each group has similar pattern in the same group. Therefore it can be concluded that the results of pathomechanisms by DSOM were in accordance with existing pattern classifications of dysmenorrhea in general and the DSOM showed reproducibility and stability in the data processing of questionnaires.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.88-99
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• 2017

Objectives : Saam acupuncture initiated by Saamdoin in $17^{th}$ century is one of the most widely adopted acupuncture techniques used by Korean medical doctors in clinic. Our study aimed to analyze the application of the Saam acupuncture method to pain diseases based on the literature data. Methods : Based on the contents described in "(Do Hae Kyo Kam) Saam's acupuncture method", the texts related to pain condition were analyzed. The frequency of prescription of Saam acupuncture method was analyzed, and then the relationships between each acupoint were visualized by network analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis for the quantitative aspect. Results and conclusions: In our study, Lung tonifying and Liver tonifying acupuncture were the most frequently used method for the treatment of pain disease. As the acupoints, BL66 and SI5 were used the most frequently. It was found that visceral pattern identification was considered as the most important factor in the selection of the Saam acupuncture method. Network analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that each acupoint was closely related to other acupoints, and most of them were connected more closely according to the method of Saam acupuncture operation. The experiential prescriptions of Saam acupuncture were classified as an independent group. In the future, fundamental research on the principle of Saam acupuncture method is needed for the various diseases, and research for the clinical efficacy and the mechanism of Saam acupuncture method should be preceded.