• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 8-week compound exercise and a home-based walking exercise on body composition, perceived health status, and stress of nursing students. Methods: A non-equivalent control group design with pre-post test was employed. Participants, having BMI below 23 and Percent Body Fat above 26%, were assigned to three groups; 21 for the compound exercise(A), 26 for the walking exercise(B), and 23 for the control group. For data analysis, ANOVA in SPSS was used. Results: Body Fat Mass(kg), Visceral Fat Area(cm2), and Percent Body Fat(%) of both group A and B were significantly decreased. Lean Body Mass(kg) and Fitness Score of both group A and B were significantly increased in comparing with the control group. Especially the score of PBF(%) in group A was significantly decreased than the group B. The perceived physical health status in both group A and B was significantly increased. Conclusion: Both 8-week compound exercise and walking exercise were effective in enhancing BFM(kg), VFA($cm^2$), PBF(%), LBM(kg), Fitness Score and perceived physical health status. Especially the Compound exercise program was much more effective in decreasing PBF(%) than the walking exercise program.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of low-calorie diets(LCD) for 8 weeks of medical nutrition therapy in individuals with BMI in excess of $23\;kg/m^2$. 41 over-weight or obese individuals (male=14, female=27, age $28.6{\pm}8.9\;yrs$), none of whom were diagnosed with a medical disease, were administered MNT 4 times over the study period. Approximately $1,100{\sim}1,300\;kcal/day$ were prescribed by a dietitian, via individualized counseling. Anthropometric parameters, daily nutrient intake, and blood levels of leptin, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured prior to and after the 8 weeks of the intervention period. We noted significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal skin-fold thickness, and waist circumference in both men and women. The mean body weight losses in men and women were $3.2{\pm}0.6\;kg$/8 weeks and $2.8{\pm}0.6\;kg$/8 weeks, respectively. However, the % of lean body mass (LBM) in men and women was shown to increase significantly (p<0.05). The daily intake of calorie, fat, protein, vitamin E, folate, and iron were significantly reduced during the LCD period. Blood levels of lipids and glucose were in normal range, and evidenced no changes after LCD. However, the serum levels of leptin in female subjects were significantly reduced (p<0.00l) from $8.9{\pm}4.8\;ng/mL$ to $6.9{\pm}4.8\;ng/mL$. In conclusion, 8 weeks of LCD with individualized counseling by a dietitian effectively reduced body fat and visceral fat in both men and women with BMI in excess of $23\;kg/m^2$.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2019

최근 비만에 의해 과발현된 신경세포형 산화질소 생성효소(neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nNOS)가 정서적 행동을 조절하는 중요한 인자라는 보고되었다. 이와 관련한 최근의 연구에서 운동이 비만에 의해 과발현된 nNOS를 억제하고 정서적 우울감과 항불안 효과를 감소시켰다는 연구결과가 보고되었다. 운동은 nNOS를 억제하여 뇌의 기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 전략으로 보이지만 운동은 강도에 따라 면역 반응에 큰 차이가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고지방식이(high-fat diet, HFD)로 유도된 비만 마우스에서 다른 강도의 운동을 실시하여 해마의 nNOS 발현의 차이를 분석하고자 하였다. 실험동물은 C57BL/6 마우스를 사용하였다. 대조군(CON, n=14)을 제외한 마우스(n=35)에게 6주 동안 60%의 고지방식이를 섭취시켜 비만을 유도하였다. 6주간의 비만유도 기간이 종료된 후 CON과 비만이 유도된 동물 각각 7마리씩 희생하여 비만유도를 확인하는데 사용되었다. 나머지 동물은 8주간의 운동중재 연구에 이용되었다. 이 때 CON을 제외하고 비만이 유도된 동물들은 고지방대조군(HFD) 그리고 저강도운동군(HFD-LI, n=7) 중강도운동군(HFD-MI, n=7) 그리고 HFD-고강도(HFD-HI, n=7)로 나누어졌다. HFD-LI는 12 m/min으로 75분, HFD-MI는 15 m/min으로 60분 그리고 HFD-HI는 18 m/min으로 50분 동안 동물용 트레드밀에서 운동이 수행되었다(동등한 운동량, 900 m). 해마(hippocampus)의 nNOS 단백질의 발현은 CON에 비해 HFD에서 유의하게 높았고(p<0.01), CON과 운동을 실시한 모든 그룹과 차이가 없었다. 하지만 HFD-LI에 비해 HFD-HI가 유의하게 nNOS 발현이 낮았다(p<0.05). 대뇌피질에서는 CON에 비해 HFD에서 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.01), 다른 그룹 간에 차이는 없었다. nNOS의 생성을 조절할 수 있는 인산화된 Akt (pAkt)의 발현이 CON과 HFD에 비해 운동을 실시한 나머지 그룹 모두에서 유의하게 높았다. 대뇌피질에서의 pAkt의 발현에서는 차이가 모든 그룹 간에 차이가 없었고, 소뇌에서는 CON에 비해 HFD-HI에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 소뇌에서는 각 그룹 간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 nNOS는 고지방식이와 비만에 의해 과발현된 것으로 보여지고 이를 운동을 통하여 낮출 수 있는 것으로 보여지며, 이 때 운동량이 같다는 가정하에 상대적으로 높은 강도가 효과적일 가능성이 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and associated mechanisms of arctiin, a lignan compound found in burdock, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Also, the effects of arctiin supplementation in obese mice fed a high-fat diet on adiposity were examined. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with arctiin (12.5 to $100{\mu}M$) during differentiation for 8 days. The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride contents. The expressions of genes related to adipogenesis were measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. For in vivo study, C57BL/6J mice were first fed either a control diet (CON) or high-fat diet (HF) to induce obesity, and then fed CON, HF, or HF with 500 mg/kg BW arctiin (HF + AC) for four weeks. RESULTS: Arctiin treatment to 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes markedly decreased adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. The arctiin treatment significantly decreased the protein levels of the key adipogenic regulators $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and also significantly inhibited the expression of SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase. Also, arctiin greatly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target phosphorylated-acetyl CoA carboxylase. Furthermore, administration of arctiin significantly decreased the body weight in obese mice fed with the high-fat diet. The epididymal, perirenal or total visceral adipose tissue weights of mice were all significantly lower in the HF + AC than in the HF. Arctiin administration also decreased the sizes of lipid droplets in the epididymal adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Arctiin inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the inhibition of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and the activation of AMPK signaling pathways. These findings suggest that arctiin has a potential benefit in preventing obesity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was undertaken to verify the effect of Gangjihwan(Di-fatty, DF) composed with Pakistani Ephedra Herba on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) using high fat diet-fed male mice. Method : Eight-week old C57BL/6N mice were used for all experiments. Standard chow diet-fed mice were used as normal group and high fat diet-fed NAFLD mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, atorvastatin, DF(1), DF(2) and DF(3). After 8 weeks, mice were treated with water, atorvastatin(10mg/kg) and DF(40, 80, 160mg/kg) for 8 weeks. And we investigated body weight gain, plasma lipid and glucose metabolism, histological analysis for liver on the mice. Results : Compared with controls, DF-treated mice had very significantly lower body weight gain and lower visceral adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in DF(3). Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, DF-treated mice had lower blood total cholesterol and triglyceride level compared with controls. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain and blood plasma lipid level, DF-treated mice had lower liver weight and hepatic lipid accumulation of DF-treated groups was significantly decreased than control group. Also Blood plasma AST, ALT and ${\gamma}$-GT concentration were not changed by DF, and these results may indicate DF do not show any toxic effects. Conclusions : These results suggest that DF effectively improves NAFLD. DF reduces liver weight and prevents lipid accumulation of hepatocyte by reducing body weight gain and modulating blood plasma lipid metabolism levels.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.412-422
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigates correlations between circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) and obesity-related parameters among young women (aged 20-30 years old) in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We analyzed TaqMan low density arrays (TLDAs) of circulating miRNAs in 9 lean (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/㎡) and 15 obese (BMI > 25 kg/㎡) women. We also performed gene ontology (GO) analyses of the biological functions of predicted miRNA target genes, and clustered the results using the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery. RESULTS: The TLDA cards contain 754 human miRNAs; of these, the levels of 8 circulating miRNAs significantly declined (> 2-fold) in obese subjects compared with those in lean subjects, including miR-1227, miR-144-5p, miR-192, miR-320, miR-320b, miR-484, miR-324-3p, and miR-378. Among them, miR-484 and miR-378 displayed the most significant inverse correlations with BMI (miR-484, r = -0.5484, P = 0.0056; miR-378, r = -0.5538, P = 0.0050) and visceral fat content (miR-484, r = -0.6141, P = 0.0014; miR-378, r = -0.6090, P = 0.0017). GO analysis indicated that genes targeted by miR-484 and miR-378 had major roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: Our result showed the differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in obese subjects compared to lean subjects. Although the mechanistic study to reveal the causal role of miRNAs remains, these miRNAs may be novel biomarkers for obesity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to report the clinical efficacy of Korean medical treatment of a patient with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accompanied by obesity and dyslipidemia. Methods: A 52-year-old man with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia was treated with Saenggangunbi-tang extract from November 3, 2021 to January 8, 2022. During the treatment period, the patient also undertook exercise and maintained a hypocaloric diet to reduce body weight. Changes were observed in the patient's symptoms, laboratory findings, such as liver enzymes and lipid profiles, and bioelectrical impedance analyzer results. Results: After taking Saenggangunbi-tang extract for approximately two months, with concomitant adjustments to exercise and diet, the serum levels of liver enzymes and triglyceride were decreased and the patient's body weight, body mass index, hepatic steatosis index, and visceral fat area were also reduced. In addition, symptoms including fatigue and dyspepsia improved. Conclusion: This study suggests that Saenggangunbi-tang extract with exercise and a regulated diet could be a helpful treatment strategy for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic disorders.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

본 연구는 비만 청소년기 남성을 대상으로 복부지방면적과 피하지방두께, 신체둘레, 신체구성, 혈중 지질 간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 복부지방면적과 피하지방두께 간의 관련성과 관련하여 전체지방면적과 피하지방면적은 피하지방두께를 구성하는 대부분의 변인과 관련성이 있었으며 특히 견갑골 아래 피부두께는 전체지방면적을 포한한 피하지방면적과 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 피하지방 두께 변인들 중 가슴 부위 피하지방두께는 내장지방면적을 예측할 수 있는 유일한 변수로 조사되었다. 둘째, 신체둘레 및 신체구성 변수는 내장지방면적과는 상관관계가 없었으나 전체 및 피하지방면적과 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 신체둘레와 전체 및 피하지방면적과의 관련성에 있어서 허리둘레는 엉덩이 둘레 및 허리와 엉덩이 둘레를 더한 값보다 상관계수가 높게 나타났다. 또한 전체 및 피하지방면적의 예측에 있어서 체지방량은 체지방율 및 근육량 보다 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 혈중 중성지방과 수축기 혈압은 각각 내장지방면적 및 피하지방면적을 예측할 수 있는 유일한 변수로 조사되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1100-1106
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• 2010

본 연구는 체지방률이 35% 이상인 폐경기 비만중년여성 26명을 대상으로 하타요가 운동이 체조성과 렙틴 및 대사증후군관련인자에 미치는 영향과 렙틴에 영향을 미치는 대사증후군인자들을 규명하기 위하여 하타요가 운동을 16주간 실시한 후 운동전과 후의 체조성, 렙틴 및 대사증후군인자를 측정하여 비교분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 운동 후에 하타요가집단에서 체중, 체지방률, 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 허리엉덩이둘레비 및 내장지방면적이 유의하게 감소하였고, 골격근량(SMM)은 증가하였다. 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(HDL-C)은 유의하게 증가하였고, 렙틴, 총콜레스테롤(TC), 중성지방(TG), 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(LDL-C), 인슐린, 글루코스 및 인슐린저항성지수(HOMA-IR)는 유의하게 감소하였으며, 하타요가집단의 렙틴에 영향을 미치는 대사증후군인자는 HDL-C로 나타났다. 이상과 같이 하타요가운동으로 체지방의 감량이 렙틴저항성을 개선하여 렙틴의 감소와 대사증후군인자의 개선으로 생활습관병을 예방하는 데 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.74-87
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• 2017

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival in locally advanced gastric cancer, but it is associated with significant toxicity. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity have been studied in several types of cancers and have been reported to be associated with higher chemotherapy toxicity and morbi-mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity in patients with gastric cancer, as well as its association with chemotherapy toxicity and long-term outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using an academic cancer center patient cohort diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer between January 2012 and December 2014 and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We analyzed body composition (skeletal muscle and visceral fat index) in axial computed tomography images. Results: A total of 48 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was $68{\pm}10years$, and 33 patients (69%) were men. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed in 22 patients (46%), and treatment was terminated early owing to toxicity in 17 patients (35%). Median follow-up was 17 months. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were found at diagnosis in 23% and 10% of patients, respectively. We observed an association between termination of chemotherapy and both sarcopenia (P=0.069) and sarcopenic obesity (P=0.004). On multivariate analysis, the odds of treatment termination were higher in patients with sarcopenia (odds ratio=4.23; P=0.050). Patients with sarcopenic obesity showed lower overall survival (median survival of 6 months [95% confidence interval {CI}=3.9-8.5] vs. 25 months [95% CI=20.2-38.2]; log-rank test P=0.000). Conclusions: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were associated with early termination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer; additionally, sarcopenic obesity was associated with poor survival.