• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.108-123
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• 2016

Objectives : This comparative study was to investigate on anti-obesity effects of Ephedrae Herba and Cyperi rhizoma in high fat diet(HFD) fed mice. Methods : Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet(normal group, N), high fat 45 cal% diet[HFD, control group, C), HFD with Ephedrae Herba(EH group) and Cyperi rhizoma(CR group) extracts fed for 5 weeks. We were observed as follows : changes of body weight, amount of diet intake, weight of total visceral fats, levels of obesity-related hormones and blood lipids. Results : The change of body weight after EH and CR oral administration significantly more decreased in EH group than that of control group. The FFR(Food Efficiency Ratio) was decreased in EH group, but more increased in CR group than that of control group. The weight of periepididymal and perirenal fats were significantly decreased in EH and CR groups compared to the control group. The levels of serum leptin and insulin were significantly decreased in EH group, and the level of serum adiponectin was increased in EH group compared to control group. The levels of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in EH and CR groups, and HDL-cholesterol levels was significantly increased in EH group compared to control group. Conversely in CR group, its values showed the opposite effect. The staining density of lipid droplets within the hepatocytes was widely distributed in CR and control groups, but in EH group, its density was weakly stained. Conclusions : These experimental results suggest that Ephedrae Herba shows conspicuous anti-obesity effect, and Cyperi rhizoma shows weak anti-obesity effect.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

Metabolically obese but normal weight(MONW) syndrome is characterized, with potentially increased risks for development of the insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome despite their normal body mass index(BMI) < 25 kg/m2. Such characteristics could confer upon MONW individuals a type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases(CVD) risk however, research on MONW is scarce. MONW individuals have metabolic disturbances typical of obese persons and are identified by having a high amount of visceral fat, a low BMI, a high fat mass, a low lean body mass, low insulin sensitivity, and high triglyceride concentrations. The purpose of this study is to review several markers as potential modulators in individuals displaying the "MONW". Body fat appears to be functionally comparable with a dynamic endocrine organ, producing and secreting various adipocy tokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, CRP, tumor necrosis factor(TNF-), interleukin(IL)-6, all of which play an important role in the onset of cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Otherwise, physical activity and a lower inflammation state might be helped to reduce the number of persons at risk of diabetes, CVD complications, or premature mortality. We should provide a method to optimal treatments resolving the emerging public health problem to prevention of MONW by providing guideline for physical activity as an optimal treatment for the MONW Korean. Furthermore we expect to develop a new strategy to manage MONW Korean in this society in terms of reducing medical costs and enhancing public health care for uprising population with MONW.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2007

Objective : Recently there are a lot of attempts to treat obesity through energy expenditure. Especially UCP-1 and PPAR-${\delta}$ is known to play a key role for energy dissipation through the increasing thermogenesis. Gambi-hwan extract is a traditional medicine made of herbs containing the polyunsaturate fatty acids related to the energy expenditure. It is expected to reduce the weight by means of the expression of UCP-1 and PPAR-${\delta}$. Meterial and Method : We divided 21 rats into 3 groups and assigned 8 rats respectively. The normal group was administered normal diet, the control group was administered high-fat diet, and the G50 group was administered high-fat diet with Gambi-hwan extracts50 mg/kg. And then the weights of body, food intake, the changes of lipids in blood stream, and the expressions of UCP-1 and PPAR-${\delta}$ on adipose tissues were measured respectively. Result : The reduction of body weight and the increasing tendency of expression of UCP-1 and PPAR-${\delta}$ mRNA were shown in G50 group. In the G50 group the Triglyceride level is decreased and the HDL-cholesterol level and the expression of PPAR-${\delta}$ and UCP-1 protein on Visceral adipose tissue were significantly increased. Conclusion : This result indicates that Gambi-hwan Extract upregulate the expression of UCP-1 and PPAR-${\delta}$ in adipose tissue, which may contribute to reducing the weight of adipose tissue.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2013

Recent studies have shown that Rosa canina L. and tiliroside, the principal constituent of its seeds, exhibit anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities via enhancement of fatty acid oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle. However, the effects of rosehip, the fruit of this plant, extract (RHE), or tiliroside on lipid accumulation in adipocytes have not been analyzed. We investigated the effects of RHE and tiliroside on lipid accumulation and protein expression of key transcription factors in both in vitro and in vivo models. RHE and tiliroside inhibited lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 cells. We also analyzed the inhibitory effect of RHE on white adipose tissue (WAT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice model. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD or HFD supplemented with 1% RHE (HFDRH) for 8 weeks. The HFDRH-fed group gained less body weight and had less visceral fat than the HFD-fed group. Liver weight was significantly lower in the HFDRH-fed group and total hepatic lipid and triglyceride (TG) content was also reduced. A significant reduction in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR${\gamma}$) was observed in epididymal fat in the HFDRH-fed group, in comparison with controls, through Western blotting. These results suggest that downregulation of PPAR${\gamma}$ expression is involved, at least in part, in the suppressive effect of RHE on lipid accumulation in WAT.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2022

26명의 환자에게 8~12주동안 산삼복합약침과 한약을 병행한 식이요법을 시행하여 체성분 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 체성분 검사 결과 체중, BMI, 골격근량, 체지방량, 복부지방률, 내장지방단면적, 체지방률이 유의하게 감소하였고, 체중이 감소하면서 골격근량이 감소하긴 하였으나 체지방량 위주의 감소로 골격근의 비율은 오히려 유의하게 증가하였다. 태음조위탕을 증례에 맞게 가감하고, 하루 한 시간 혹은 만 보 걷기의 운동지도를 통해 하루 400~800 kal의 초저열량 식이로 인해 야기될 수 있는 부작용 중 일시적인 현기증과 무기력감 외에 탈모, 부종, 설사, 월경 이상 등은 관찰되지 않았다. 향후 체성분 변화뿐만 아니라 생화학적 검사나 골밀도 검사를 통한 장기적인 탐색이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.766-775
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of high molecular weight polygamma- glutamic acid (hm ${\gamma}$-PGA) on adiposity and lipid metabolism of rats in the presence of an obesity-inducing diet. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a normal-fat (11.4% kcal fat, NFC) or high-fat (51% kcal fat, HFC) diet. After 5 weeks, half of each diet-fed group was treated with hm ${\gamma}$-PGA (NFP or HFP) for 4 weeks. The HFC group had significantly higher body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and leptin, and lower serum HDL cholesterol level compared with those of the NFC group (p < 0.05). Treatment with hm ${\gamma}$-PGA decreased body weight gain and perirenal fat mass (p<0.05), fasting serum total cholesterol, and mRNA expression of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), regardless of dietary fat contents (p < 0.01). However, hm ${\gamma}$-PGA increased serum HDL cholesterol in the HFC group (p < 0.05). In vitro, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMGCoA) reductase activity was suppressed by the addition of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA. In agreement with observations in animal study, the supplementation of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA (150 mg/day) to 20 female subjects in an 8-week double-blind, placebocontrolled study resulted in a tendency to decrease total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations. We thus conclude that dietary supplementation of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA may act as a hypocholestrolemic agent, secondary to its inhibitor effect on HMG-CoA reductase, and decrease abdominal adiposity by decreasing hepatic lipogenesis. The present study is an important first step in establishing the effect of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA on cholesterol levels in rats and humans.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2015

Black soybean teata is helpful to preventing obesity through enhancing energy expenditure and suppressing accumulation in mesenteric adipose tissue. The ethanol testa-extract of Cheongja #3 black soybean (ETCBS) is also have similar effects on obesity. So far, it is not clear whether the ethanol testa extract of black soybean can have effect on the characters of subcutaneous adipose stem cells such as proliferation, activity, and adipogenicity. The doubling time was different between subcutaneous adipose-derived stem (ADS) and visceral ADS cells. By the in vitro culture and passage, the doubling time was increased both of them. The shape was not different between groups and their passages were not cause the change of shapes. In the case of visceral ADS cells, the doubling time was 62.3 h or 40.3 h in control or high fat diet administrated mice, respectively, but not modified in subcutaneous ADS cells. ETCBS administration caused of increased the doubling time from 62.3 h to 84.2 h. ETCBS had suppressive effects on the cellular activity of subcutaneous ADS cells. The intensity of Oil Red O staining was very faint in 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ ETCBS treated groups. The amounts of accumulated triglyceride were also significantly low in 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ treated groups. From these results we know that the doubling times and the effects of ETCBS are different by the anatomical origin of ADS cells. It also suggested that ETCBS may suppress the differentiation of subcutaneous ADS cells into the precursors and maturing of adipocytes.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy can effectively reduce weight and abdominal fat in obese patients. Methods: Forty obese participants were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. Five participants dropped out voluntarily during the course of the study and four men were excluded from the analysis to avoid gender bias. Results are presented on a total of thirty-one women. Over an eight-week period, the treatment group (n=13) received gocho (苦椒) extract injections (100mcg/3cc) in the abdominal skin, twice per week; the control group (n=18) received normal saline injections (3cc). A mixed lidocaine and prilocaine cream (2.5%/2.5% EMLA cream) was applied before the injection. At baseline and 8 weeks, body weight, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal fat, energy expenditure, and questionnaires (eating attitudes and physical activity) were evaluated in both groups. Results: Reductions in body weight (p<0.005), BMI, and WC (p<0.05) were greater in the treatment group. WHR, total fat area, and visceral fat area decreased only in the treatment group (p<0.05). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) change was correlated with weight loss only in the control group (r=-0.498, p<0.05). Before and after the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in questionnaire variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: his study suggests that abdominal gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy might be an effective way to promote weight and abdominal fat loss in obese Korean women.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.348-352
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• 2009

Over the last decade, the incidence of overweight and obesity has nearly doubled in many countries and is considered a pandemic. Obesity was identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease as the same level as smoking and diabetes. Visceral fat is considered one of the key contributors to outcome and certain ethnic groups such as Asians seem to be more affected than others. Weight reduction through lifestyle changes was found to be impactful to improve overall health, but weight loss and maintenance thereof is limited and difficult to sustain. Surgical intervention demonstrated a greater weight loss in the severely obese and was associated with improved all-cause mortality. Despite numerous pharmacological targets and a high medical need, only few drugs have been successfully developed. Earlier studies with amphetamine-derived compounds showed significant weight loss but their critical safety profiles led to market withdrawals and disappointment. More recent compounds; orlistat - a lipase inhibitor, rimonabant - a cannaboid-1-receptor antagonist, and sibutramine - a combined serotonin/norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor, all demonstrated similar significant efficacy; however, they carry specific safety profiles making them unsuitable for every patient. The main limitation of pharmacotherapy is the absence of clear benefit-risk assessments through outcome studies. Such a study - the SCOUT trial - was designed to compare sibutramine versus placebo and the effect on morbidity and mortality in nearly 10,000 obese patients with additional risk factors. Such studies could provide new scientific evidence for obesity treatment and may support future pharmacological approaches.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the current use of Korean medicine for obesity and its effect for women in climacteric period. Methods: We studied women aged 45-55 who visited Daejeon Korean medicine Hospital of Daejeon University to lose body weight from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022 via an analysis of the medical records. The treatment duration was continuous for more than 2 weeks, and a body composition was measured by Inbody 770 at 2 to 4 weeks after the first visit. Results: 28 patients were finally selected and their average age was 49.32±3.38 years. Based on the body mass index (BMI) classification, 19 were in the 1st obesity group, 5 in the 2nd obesity group, 3 in the overweight group and 1 in the normal group. Patients usually complained comcomitant symptoms, and the symptoms of menopausal disorder was the most frequent. The average treatment duration was 3.68±0.67 weeks and the average treatment frequency was 3.93±0.98 times. All patients took herbal medicines Gambi-tang and 23 took modified fasting therapy including Gamro-su. 14 were treated by whole body far-infrared therapy and 6 were gotten partial obesity treatment. Among patients treated for accompanying symptoms, menopausal disorders were the most common (35.71%), and herbal medicine such as Gamisoyou-san, Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, and cupping were used. After treatment, on average, body composition changed significantly; body weight 3.28±1.82 kg, BMI 1.36±1.04 kg/m², body fat 1.70±1.67 kg, skeletal muscle mass 0.81±0.91 kg, abdominal circumference 2.04±2.6 cm, and visceral fat area 8.91±12.83 cm². Conclusions: We analyzed general characteristics, BMI distribution, types of Korean medicine treatment and change of body composition. This study could be used as reference to provide practical data of treatment for obese women in climacteric period.