• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2020

Background: The optimal management of perianal abscess in children is controversial. Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of conservative treatment of perianal abscess in children and identify parameters that predict therapy failure. Methods: All cases of children younger than 14 years of age with perianal abscesses between 2001-2016 were evaluated. Results: Of the 113 enrolled patients, 64 underwent subsequent surgery for advanced disease (primary surgery group). Conservative treatment was initiated in 49 patients (primary conservative group) but was stopped because of inefficiency in 25 patients, who were referred for surgery after a median 7.03 days (range, 2 to 16 days). The other 24 patients (48%) initially achieved complete remission after conservative treatment, but 10 were readmitted after a median 34 months (range, 3 to 145 months) with recurrent disease. There were no significant differences in permanent success after conservative treatment between infants (10 of 29, 34%) and older children (4 of 20 [20%], P=0.122). Overall, conservative treatment alone was effective in only 14 of 113 patients. Recurrence after surgery occurred in 16 patients (25%) in the primary surgery group and 11 patients (22%) in the primary conservative group (P=0.75). Univariate analysis of predictors for conservative treatment failure revealed inflammatory values (C-reactive protein and white blood count, P=0.017) and abscess size (P=0.001) as significant parameters, whereas multivariate analysis demonstrated that only abscess size (odds ratio, 3.37; P=0.023) was significant. Conclusion: Conservative treatment of perianal abscess is permanently efficient in only a minority of children but is not associated with a higher recurrence rate after subsequent surgery. Abscess size is a predictor for therapy failure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4025-4030
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• 2016

Background: Correlation between colorectal cancer (CRC) and abdominal obesity has been established, but there is a paucity of data on non-obese CRC patients. The aim of this study was to establish the characteristics of CRCs that occur in such patients. Materials and Methods: Consecutive CRC patients without cachexia were included. Unintended body weight loss, T4- or M1-staged CRCs, extensive lymph node involvement, or synchronous malignancy were classified as cachectic conditions. Abdominal fat volumes were measured using a multidetector CT unit with a software (Rapidia, INFINITT, Seoul, Korea). Results: Of the newly-diagnosed CRC patients, 258 non-cachectic and 88 cachectic patients were analyzed. The cancer size (p<0.001) and T stage (p<0.001) were inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI), visceral fat and subcutaneous fat volumes. Cancer size was the only independent factor related to BMI (p=0.016), visceral fat volume (p=0.002), and subcutaneous fat volume (p=0.027). In non-cachectic patients, a significant inverse correlation was found only between the cancer size and visceral fat volume (p=0.017). Conclusions: Non-obese CRC patients tend to have larger CRC lesions than their obese counterparts even under non-cachectic conditions. Such an inverse correlation between cancer size and visceral fat volume suggests that considerable CRCs are not correlated with abdominal obesity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 1997

성별, 직업, 성품, 생활양식이 전혀 다른 K43과 C45 환자의 위 내시경적 소견과 치료방법을 논의하였다. K43은 잘못된 식습관과 스트레스에 의한 미란성 위염환자로서 제산제와 함께 H2-수용체 길항제, H+/K+-pump 억제제, prostaglandin 제제, colloidal bismuth, sucralfate prokinetics 등 전통적인 약물에서부터 부작용을 감소시킨 최근에 개발된 약물에 이르기까지 효과가 인정된 약물들을 폭넓게 사용하였으나 증상을 개선치 못하였으며, 임상병리 검사와 상복부 초음파 검사는 정상이었으나, 소화생리기능 검사에서 visceral hypersensitivity를 나타내었다. 그러나 C45는 평소에 두통으로 NSAIDs를 습관적으로 복용한 경험에 의하여 발생되었을 것으로 추정되는 전형적인 위·십이지장 궤양의 환자로서 H. pylori 박멸제와 함께 일반적인 소화성 궤양의 치료제로 활동기에서 치유기로 증상을 크게 완화시켰다. 특히 K43은 amitryptyline을 투여하였으나 난치성 환자로 남아 있다. 이러한 원인불명의 비궤양 환자는 미국에서 해마다 15%씩 증가하는 추세에 있고 적절한 치료법도 없으며, 우리 나라에서는 통계치도 없는 실정인 점을 지적하고 싶다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken to determine whether combined treatment with prokinetic trimebutine and mosapride has a synergic effect on gastrointestinal motility and visceral pain associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. To develop effective gastroprokinetic agents with greater potencies than trimebutine or mosapride for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disease, a mixture of trimebutine and mosapride was designed and prepared. In the present study, treatment with trimebutine alone showed a dose-dependent effect on propelling movements of normal small and large intestine in mice, whereas mosapride effected only small intestine motility. Co-administration of trimebutine with mosapride, a well-established prokinetic drug, produced a synergistic influence on normal small intestine motility, but demonstrated an unclear effect on large intestine motility, with a slight tendency to reduce the propelling time. In a stress model, the small and large intestine motilities were significantly decreased. The reduction of intestine motility was restored to a normal level and the restoring effect was more pronounced in the combined treatment with trimebutine plus mosapride than treatment with trimebutine or mosapride alone. Furthermore, treatment with trimebutine plus mosapride significantly decreased acute visceral pain which was not controlled by trimebutine or mosapride alone. These data suggest that combination therapy with trimebutine plus mosapride has a synergic effect on small and large intestine motility and visceral pain control in gastrointestinal disorders.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study were to evaluate the effects of oriental medical therapy on obesity and different effects according to Body Mass Index(BMI), menopause, obesity treatment experience, age, treatment period in patients. Methods : 46 patients were treated from November 2011 to April 2012 in Oriental Obesity Center, Dong-eui Medical Center. They were measured change of body compositions by bioelectrical impedance analysis every 2~3 weeks and 27 patients out of 46 were checked body compositions every 2 weeks. 46 and 27 patients were divided into two or three groups according to BMI, menopause, obesity treatment experience, age, treatment period. We compared before and after treatment body compositions. Results : Body compositions, except edema index were significantly reduced. Abdominal Visceral Fat(AVF) was significantly reduced in Obese group. Body Weight(BW), BMI, Body Fat(BF), Body Fat Percetage(BFP), Abdominal Visceral Fat Level(AVFL), Abdominal Visceral Fat(AVF), Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat(ASF) were significantly reduced in non-menopause group(43 female patients). But in 26 female patients out of 27, there were no significantly differences between groups in menopause. There were no significantly differences between groups in obesity treatment experience. But in 27 patients, BMI and AVF were significantly reduced in non-experience group and AVFL was significantly reduced in experience group. BW, BMI, BF, BFP, VAF, ASF were significantly reduced in younger age group. But in 27 patients, BW and Muscle were significantly reduced in younger age group. BMI, BF, BFP, Edema, AFVL, Abdominal Visceral Fat Area(AVFA), AVF, ASF were significantly reduced in longer treatment period group. Conclusion : The BF, BMI, BF, BFP, Muscle, AVFL, AVFA, AVF, ASF were almost decreased significantly. It resulted that the effects of oriental medical therapy in obesity was positive. And it was meaningful study to know about different effects between groups.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.91-108
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• 2009

Objectives: Single colorectal instillation of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) causes a dose-dependent increase of visceral motor response (VMR) and severity of inflammation. In this study we compared the effects of electroacupuncture in the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by TNBS intracolonic injection in rats. Methods: In Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing $250{\sim}400g$, a single colorectal administration of TNBS 5mg/kg and 50% ethanol under isoflurane anaesthesia after an overnight fast. Electrodes for electromyography (EMG) recording were stitched into the external oblique musculature under general anesthesia. Acupoints of LI4, ST25, or ST36 were stimulated by electroacupuncture, respectively. The balloon was inserted intra-anally and visceral motor response (VMR) to colorectal distensioin (CRD) was quantified with an EMG recording system. Results: At an observation of the visceral hyperalgesia in the day-time series, the visceromotor response increased significantly 3 days after TNBS intra-rectalcolonic injection in rats. Electroacupuncture on either ST25 or ST36 suppressed the visceromotor response to colorectal distension, but not LI4, at 3 days after TNBS injection. Pretreatment of naltrexone (10 mg/kg, i.p.), opioids antagonist, inhibited the VMR suppress of 10Hz EA to ST36 but not phentolamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Pretreatment of either naltrexone or phentolamine inhibited effects of 10Hz EA to ST25. Conclusions: Data show that EA at either ST25 or ST36 potently inhibits hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis and is differently mediated through the endogenous opioid system and adrenergic system.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2022

Purpose: Completion total gastrectomy (CTG) for remnant gastric cancer (RGC) is a technically demanding procedure and associated with increased morbidity. The present study aimed to evaluate postoperative complications and their risk factors following surgery for RGC after initial partial gastrectomy due to gastric cancer excluding peptic ulcer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 107 patients who had previously undergone an initial gastric cancer surgery and subsequently underwent CTG for RGC between March 2002 and December 2020. The postoperative complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for complications. Results: Postoperative complications occurred in 34.6% (37/107) of the patients. Intra-abdominal abscess was the most common complication. The significant risk factors for overall complications were multi-visceral resections, longer operation time, and high estimated blood loss in the univariate analysis. The independent risk factors were multi-visceral resection (odds ratio [OR], 2.832; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.094-7.333; P=0.032) and longer operation time (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.001-1.011; P=0.036) in the multivariate analysis. Previous reconstruction type, minimally invasive approach, and current stage were not associated with the overall complications. Conclusions: Multi-visceral resection and long operation time were significant risk factors for the occurrence of complications following CTG rather than the RGC stage or surgical approach. When multi-visceral resection is required, a more meticulous surgical procedure is warranted to improve the postoperative complications during CTG for RGC after an initial gastric cancer surgery.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An increasing life expectancy in society has burdened healthcare systems substantially because of the rising prevalence of age-related metabolic diseases. This study compared the effects of animal protein hydrolysate (APH) and casein on metabolic diseases using aged mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eight-week-old and 50-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used as the non-aged (YC group) and aged controls (NC group), respectively. The aged mice were divided randomly into 3 groups (NC, low-APH [LP], and high-APH [HP] and fed each experimental diet for 12 weeks. In the LP and HP groups, casein in the AIN-93G diet was substituted with 16 kcal% and 24 kcal% APH, respectively. The mice were sacrificed when they were 63-week-old, and plasma and hepatic lipid, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities, immunohistochemistry staining, and mRNA expression related to the glucose metabolism on liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: Supplementation of APH in aging mice resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat (epididymal, perirenal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat) compared to the negative control (NC) group. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and area under the curve analysis revealed insulin resistance in the NC group, which was alleviated by APH supplementation. APH supplementation reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in the liver and muscle. Furthermore, APH supplementation improved hepatic steatosis by reducing the hepatic fatty acid and phosphatidate phosphatase activity while increasing the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Furthermore, in the APH supplementation groups, the red blood cell (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hepatic H₂O₂ levels decreased, and the RBC glutathione, hepatic catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased. CONCLUSIONS: APH supplementation reduced visceral fat accumulation and alleviated obesity-related metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, in aged mice. Therefore, high-quality animal protein APH that reduces the molecular weight and enhances the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score has potential as a dietary supplement for healthy aging.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2003

바지락, Ruditapes philippinarum의 생식기구를 밝히기 위한 연구의 일환으로서 생식주기는 조직학적 관찰에 의해 조사되었고, 폐각근 조직 및 내장낭 조직 내의 생화학 성분들은 생화학적 분석방법에 의해 조사되었다. 바지락의 생식소 발달에 따른 생식주기는 초기활성기 (1-3월), 후기활성기 (2-5월), 완숙기 (4-8월), 부분산란기 (5-10월), 퇴화/비활성기 (8-2월)의 연속적인 단계로 구분할 수 있었다. 폐각근 조직내 총단백질 함량 (%) 변화는 초기 및 후기 활성기인 2월에 최대에 이른다음 완숙기 및 부분활성기인 5월에 최소값을 나타내었다. 반면, 내장낭 조직 내 총단백질 함량 변화는 완숙 및 부분산란기인 6월에 최대에 이른 후 부분산란기인 6월부터 10월까지 점차 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직 내의 총단백질 함량 변화 사이에는 음 (-) 의 상관관계를 나타내었다 (r = -0.292, P < 0.05). 폐각근 조직 내 총지질 함량 (%) 변화는 비활성기 및 초기활성기인 1월에 최대에 이른 후, 2월에 급격히 감소되었다. 반면, 내장낭 조직 내 총지질 함량 변화는 후기활성기 및 완숙기인 4월에 최대를 나타내었고, 부분산란기인 5-10 월 사이에 점차 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직 내의 총지질 함량 변화 사이에는 음 (-) 의 상관관계를 보였다 (r = -0.699, p < 0.05). 폐각근 조직내 글리코겐 함량 (%) 변화는 후기활성기 및 완숙기인 5월에 최대에 이른 다음, 부분산란기인 5월부터 10월까지 급격히 감소되었다. 반면, 내장낭 조직 내 글리코겐 함량 변화는 초기 및 후기활성기인 2월에 최대에 이른 다음, 후기활성기인 3월에 급격히 감소되었으며, 그 후 완숙 및 부분산란기인 4월에서 7월까지 점차 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직 내의 글리코겐 함량 변화 사이에는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다(r = 0.062, p > 0.05). 상기 언급된 결과들은 바지락의 폐각근 조직 및 내장낭 조직들이 중요한 에너지 저장소이며, 영양 공급 기관임을 알 수 있었으며, 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직들의 영양물질 함량 변화는 생식소의 에너지 요구에 따라 변하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.663-670
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• 2015

In this study, I have researched the theories about Gibson's real affordance and Norman's perceived affordance which are central fact of affordance, And I have examined the context of affordance in smart-phone interface which was consist of affordance and signifier with viewpoint of amalgamation of Gibson & Norman. The results of this study are as follows; The first, Gibson's real affordance is a physical space in ubiquitous environment that interact through the behavioral space is composed with physical space and electronic space. Norman's perceived affordance is mediated to electronic space and signifier makes a behaviroal space which provide the clue of interaction. The second, signifier can be categorized into visceral, behavioral and reflective signifier based on three brain actions which are visceral, behavior, and reflection. Through the categorization, we can grasp that behavioral and reflective signifies generate visceral signifier. The third, the context of affordance in smart-phone has the structure of circulation. The structure of circulation is as follows: Real affordance makes the perceived affordance, the perceive affordance makes the signifiers and the signifiers make new real affordance. This study could provide the theoretical basis for using signifier in smart-phone interface design.