• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.465-472
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• 2019

To investigate the effects of iterative reconstruction algorithms on fat measurements using computed tomography (CT), we comparatively and quantitatively analyzed the ratios of visceral, subcutaneous, and visceral-subcutaneous fat areas as well as the variations of HU and noise of visceral and subcutaneous fat using ADMIRE strength and attempted to identify any difference between them. Experimental results showed that no statistically significant difference existed among the visceral, subcutaneous, and visceral-subcutaneous fat area ratios HU of visceral fat area and HU of subcutaneous fat area when applying ADMIRE as compared with existing conventional filtered back projection algorithms. However, as the ADMIRE strength increases, the noise of visceral and subcutaneous fat decreases by up to 12.1% and 19.2%, respectively. In conclusion, iterative reconstruction algorithms have no effect on the visceral, subcutaneous, and visceral-subcutaneous fat area ratios, which are indicators of fat measurement using CT.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

The purpose of this article is to contribute to study on visceral referred pain. Recently it is getting more interest in measurement of pain degree and effective treatment. We have researched on specific character of visceral referred pain, oriental medical referred pain, and some theories of the mechanism of the visceral referred pain. But therapeutics of visceral referred pain is not yet known. It will be necessary of additional study later.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2012

We investigated to verify whether the $PPAR{\alpha}$ agonist fenofibrate regulates adipose tissue metabolism and to determine the molecular mechanism involved in this regulation. After male mice (C57BL/6J) received a high fat diet with or without fenofibrate for 6 weeks, the effects of fenofibrate on not only adipose tissue weight, visceral adipocyte size, serum lipid and glucose levels, but also the expression of uncoupling proteins (UCPs). Mice given a fenofibrate-supplemented high fat diet showed reduced both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights versus high fat diet-fed animals. The size of visceral adipocytes was significantly decreased by fenofibrate treatment. The administration of fenofibrate resulted in decreased serum levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and glucose. Moreover, fenofibrate up-regulated mRNA levels of visceral adipose tissue UCP2 and skeletal muscle UCP3. Therefore, our results suggest that the increases in the expression of UCPs by fenofibrate seem to suppress diet-induced visceral adiposity as well as severe hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in male mice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1995

Anlgesic agents against visceral pain typically rely on a noxious chemical irritation of the peritoneum, e. g., acetic acid and phenylquinone writhing test. While useful, this type of assay depends upon an acute inflammation and the release of local alogens. Further, ethical and scientific constraints prevent repeated assessments in a single animal, thereby compounding the difficulty of assessing tolerance development to analgesic agents. To overcome these constraints, Colburn et al. developed a model for mechanical visceral pain model (VPM) based on a repeatable and reversible duodenal distention in the rat. A chronic indwelling intraduodenal balloon catheter is well tolerated and upon inflation produces a writhing response graded in proportion to distention. This response is inhibited by morphine in a dose dependent manner. We found that a model for visceral pain was thought to be a great value.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.89-106
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• 2015

Objectives : The aims of this paper are finding the meaning of Yanluozi's visceral figures on the internal alchemy and searching the relevance of the internal alchemy and Oriental medicine. And we would like to compare Yanluozi's visceral figures and anatomical knowledge. Methods : The First, we have found existing researches of visceral figures. And then we have selected figures to need in-depth study. So we have compared visceral figures of huangdibashiyinanjingzuantujujie and Yanluozi's. And analyzed informations relationg to internal alchemy in the ten xiuzhen books of zazhujiejing 18th vol. And we were divided something to represent the anatomical knowledge and internal alchemic theories. Results & Conclusions : Visceral figures of huangdibashiyinanjingzuantujujie are that integrated and supplemented Yanluozi's figures. And those were draw a picture to express internal alchemy theories. Front visceral figure and rear visceral figure of both literatures were drawn based on the anatomical knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine what is useful index of abdominal visceral fat area among Korean obese adolescents. Methods : 35 obese adolescents who had visited Kirin Oriental Hospital from August 2004 to May 2006 were included in the study. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Abdominal visceral fat areas at L4-5 level were measured by computed tomography. The subjects were divided into two groups, according to sex. In each group, we investigated the correlation among waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio, obesity degree and abdominal visceral fat area and evaluated that which one of these kinds of indices is the most useful predictor for visceral fat area in Korean obese adolescents. Results : There were significant correlation between waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio and obesity index in both group. In boys waist/hip ratio had correlation with abdominal visceral fat area and in girls obesity index had significant correlation with abdominal visceral fat area. Conclusions : Our study suggests that waist/hip ratio in boys, obesity degree in girls can be a relatively good parameter for predicting abdominal visceral fat area.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend and indication of clinical research about Visceral Chuna Manipulation and to suggest the direction of further study. Methods We searched 9 electronic databases (MEDLINE Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CiNii, CNKI, KMbase, OASIS, NDSL, KISS) using the search terms "visceral manipulation", "visceral manual therapy" and identified relevant literature that investigated visceral manipulation as a intervention for various subjects. Results Among 142 studies were searched and screened, 16 met designated criteria. Visceral Chuna Manipulation showed the effectiveness in musculoskeletal disease, digestive disease, psychiatry, obstetrics, circulatory and oncology. Conclusions This study shows possibility of Visceral Chuna Manipulation as a treatment for many diseases. Better designed further study is necessary to establish the evidence of clinical efficacy of visceral manipulation and to suggest standard of techniques and treatment protocols for diverse patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.691-698
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• 2019

The patients who visited the Health Promotion Center were compared between the visceral fat area according to CT fat measurement position and the visceral fat area measured by Inbody. In the CT measurement, the visceral fat area measured at the L4-5 and CT Umbilicus positions was not different regardless of gender. In addition, there was no difference between CT visceral fat area and Inbody visceral fat area in the correlation between visceral fat area according to CT measurement position and visceral fat area measured by Inbody. The highly correlated CT measurement position were male L4-5, L5-S1, female L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1, and Umbilicus. In addition, when studying the relationship between the inbody visceral fat area and CT visceral fat area regardless of gender, it is suggested to compare the visceral fat area at the CT L4-5 position.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2003

Visceral fat accumulation is known to be an evident clinical index for the insulin resistance related with obesity. Patients with excessive accumulation of visceral fat frequently suffered from metabolic disorder, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. However, molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of obesity-accompanied metabolic disorders has not been fully elucidated. It has been clarified that adipocytes in visceral fat area have different functions from subcutaneous fat area, and these differences might contribute the pathological significance of excessive accumulation of visceral fat for the accompanied insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.279-288
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• 2011

Objectives : Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between abdominal adipose tissue and oriental obesity pattern identification. Methods : This study was performed in 78 healthy obese(BMI(body mass index)${\geq}25kg/m^2$) women in Seoul. Subjects underwent abdominal CT(computed tomography) scanning and were asked to complete the oriental obesity pattern identification questionnaire. Subjects were given written consent and this study was performed under permission of institutional review board of Kyung-hee East-west Neo medical center. Results : 1. VFA(visceral fat area) and VSR(visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio) were significantly correlated with stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱, gan-yu)(p<0.05). But, other patterns were not significantly correlated with oriental obesity pattern identification(p>0.05). 2. We evaluated a difference of oriental obesity pattern identification score in visceral obesity group(n=34) versus non-visceral obesity group(n=44). Scores of all patterns except food accumulation(食積, shi-ji) were significantly higher in the visceral obesity group than in the non-visceral obesity group(p<0.05). Especially, there was a further significant difference in stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱, gan-yu)(p<0.01). Conclusions : Generally, the stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱, gan-yu) has a close relation with stress and depression. This study suggests that stress and depression might be correlated with visceral fat, and the use of oriental obesity pattern identification would be helpful for planning a treatment schedule of visceral obesity in the clinic.