• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.637-644
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• 2011

Objective & Background: When applying various evaluation tools that analyze work posture risk through observation, accurate measurement of body flexion angle is very important. Method: This study investigated differences and appropriateness of 5 different existing reference points commonly used in the analysis of the work posture. Twenty five ergonomist and trained professionals were participated in this study. A Same flexion angle was utilized for the evaluation of risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders using five different reference points to investigate the degree of difference between them. To investigate how different the observers' preferred flexion angle measuring methods were compared to the ISO 11226 Reference Posture, a virtual body model was constructed using the Poser 6.0 program. Six types of body flexion postures were constructed, and since neck flexion differs according to body angle, five types of neck flexion postures were constructed with the trunk bending $20^{\circ}$ forward, making up a total of 30 virtual flexion postures. Results: Results showed that the observers used personally preferred reference points instead of reference points recommend in the evaluation tools. Also the results revealed the their seems to be 6 types of flexion angle for the trunk and 11 types of measurement methods for the neck flexion angle in the form of personally preferred reference points. The results showed that a mean difference of $14^{\circ}$($4{\sim}23^{\circ}$) occurred in the trunk, and a mean difference of $20^{\circ}$($-8{\sim}51^{\circ}$) occurred in the neck. To increase accuracy when using the 5 evaluation tools in combination, the ISO 11226 standards, observers' preferred flexion posture standards, and common flexion posture standards of the evaluation tools were compared with the reference points of the 5 evaluation tools. Results showed considerable variance in angle difference for each evaluation tool. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, considering the angle difference between the flexion angle reference points of the evaluation tool and the reference points selected by the observers, it is concluded that instead of personally preferred reference points, the standardized reference points to enhance the accuracy and the objectivity. Application: The result of this study can be used as reference guide to develop the standardized reference point in the future.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2020

Background As the demand for cosmetic surgery continues to rise, plastic surgery programs and the training core curriculum have evolved to reflect these changes. This study aims to evaluate the perceived quality of current cosmetic surgery training in terms of case exposure and educational methods. Methods A 16-question survey was sent to graduates who completed their training at a U.S. plastic surgery training program in 2017. The survey assessed graduates' exposure to cosmetic surgery, teaching modalities employed and their overall perceived competence. Case complexity was characterized by the minimum number of cases needed by the graduate to feel confident in performing the procedure. Results There was a 25% response rate. The majority of respondents were residents (83%, n=92) and the remaining were fellows (17%, n=18). Almost three quarters of respondents were satisfied with their cosmetic training. Respondents rated virtual training as the most effective learning modality and observing attendings' patients/cases as least effective. Perceived competence was more closely aligned with core curriculum status than case complexity, i.e. graduates feel more prepared for core cosmetic procedures despite being more technically difficult than non-core procedures. Conclusions Despite the variability in cosmetic exposure during training, most plastic surgery graduates are satisfied with their aesthetic training. Incorporation of teaching modalities, such as virtual training, can increase case exposure and allow trainees more autonomy. The recommended core curriculum is adequately training plastic surgery graduates for common procedures and more specialized procedures should be consigned to aesthetic fellowship training.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.279-284
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• 2022

As a study of the blended learning method on design education through the blended learning method, I would like to propose that more advanced learner-led customized design education is possible. Understanding in face-to-face classes and advantages in non-face-to-face classes can be supplemented in an appropriate way in remote classes. Advanced artificial intelligence and big data technology can provide personalized and subdivided learning materials and effective learning methods tailored to learners' levels and interests based on quantified data in design classes. In this paper, it was proposed to maximize the efficiency of the class by applying a method that exceeds the limitations of time and space through the proposal of the A La Carte model (A La Carte). It is a remote class that can be heard anytime, anywhere, and it is also possible to bridge the educational quality and educational gap provided to students living in underprivileged areas. As the goal of fostering creative convergence-type future talents, it is changing with a rapid technological development speed. It is necessary to adapt to the change in learning methods in line with this. An analysis of the infographic virtual space design and construction process through the A La Carte model (A La Carte) proposal was presented. Rather than simply acquiring knowledge, it is expected that knowledge can be sorted, distinguished, learned, and easily reborn with its own knowledge.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.105-112
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• 2022

Innovation is considered as an implemented innovation in education - in the content, methods, techniques and forms of educational activity and personality education (methods, technologies), in the content and forms of organizing the management of the educational system, as well as in the organizational structure of educational institutions, in the means of training and education and in approaches to social services in education, distance and multimedia learning, which significantly increases the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process. The classification of currently known pedagogical technologies that are most often used in practice is shown. The basis of the innovative activity of a modern teacher is the formation of an innovative program-methodical complex in the discipline. Along with programmatic and content provision of disciplines, the use of informational tools and their didactic properties comes first. It combines technical capabilities - computer and video technology with live communication between the lecturer and the audience. In pedagogical innovation, the principles reflecting specific laws and regularities of the implementation of innovative processes are singled out. All principles are elements of a complex system of organization and management of innovative activities in the field of education and training. They closely interact with each other, which enhances the effect of each of them due to the synergistic effect. To improve innovative activities in the training of students, today computer technologies are widely used in pedagogy as a science, as well as directly in the practice of the pedagogical process. They have gained the most popularity in such activities as distance learning, online learning, assistance in the education management system, development of programs and virtual textbooks in various subjects, searching for information on the network for the educational process, computer testing of students' knowledge, creation of electronic libraries, formation of a unified scientific electronic environment, publication of virtual magazines and newspapers on pedagogical topics, teleconferences, expansion of international cooperation in the field of Internet education. The article considers computer technologies as the main building material for the entire society. In the modern world, there is a need to prepare a person for life in a multimedia environment. This process should be started as early as possible, because the child's contact with the media is present almost from the moment of his birth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.6
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• pp.1286-1297
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• 2022

Purpose To assess the usefulness of various metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods in patients with hip prostheses. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 47 consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroplasty and dual-energy CT. Conventional polyenergetic image (CI), orthopedic-MAR (OMAR), and virtual monoenergetic image (VMI, 50-200 keV) were tested for MAR. Quantitative analysis was performed in seven regions around the prostheses. Qualitative assessments included evaluation of the degree of artifacts and the presence of secondary artifacts. Results The lowest amount of image noise was observed in the O-MAR, followed by the VMI. O-MAR also showed the lowest artifact index, followed by high-keV VMI in the range of 120-200 keV (soft tissue) or 200 keV (bone). O-MAR had the highest contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in regions with severe hypodense artifacts, while VMI had the highest CNR in other regions, including the periprosthetic bone. On assessment of the CI of pelvic soft tissues, VMI showed a higher structural similarity than O-MAR. Upon qualitative analysis, metal artifacts were significantly reduced in O-MAR, followed by that in VMI, while secondary artifacts were the most frequently found in the O-MAR (p < 0.001). Conclusion O-MAR is the best technique for severe MAR, but it can generate secondary artifacts. VMI at high keV can be advantageous for evaluating periprosthetic bone.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 2008

Recently the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Korea launched two new project delivery systems called "Best Value Contract (Design-Bid-Build)" and "Bridging Contract (Design-Build)" in October of 2007 by revising enforcement ordinances of "Act on Contracts to Which the State is a Party". These project delivery systems require the bidders to submit technical proposal adjusted to the project characteristics and objectives for selecting the contractor by evaluating technical proposals. This research aimed to suggest guideline to effectively operate the project delivery systems described above. To reach the goal of the research, the framework of the operation model was developed, which includes the four categories: the standard bidding process, the technical proposal requirements, the technical proposal evaluation criteria, and the award methods. The contents of the four categories above were fulfilled throughout conferring with the advisory experts. In particular, the award methods, which are the important decision-making factor in the perspective of the owner, consist of four types: Low Bid-Fully Qualified, Weighted Criteria, Adjusted Bid, and Adjusted Score. The quantitative features and application criteria of these four types of award methods were suggested throughout the simulation using the virtual case.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.521-529
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• 2003

In this paper we present an improved method by using demographic information for overcoming the similarity miss-calculation from the sparsity problem in collaborative filtering recommendation systems. The similarity between a pair of users is only determined by the ratings given to co-rated items, so items that have not been rated by both users are ignored. To solve this problem, we add virtual neighbor's rating using demographic information of neighbors for improving prediction accuracy. It is one kind of extentions of traditional collaborative filtering methods using the peason correlation coefficient. We used the Grouplens movie rating data in experiment and we have compared the proposed method with the collaborative filtering methods by the mean absolute error and receive operating characteristic values. The results show that the proposed method is more efficient than the collaborative filtering methods using the pearson correlation coefficient about 9% in MAE and 13% in sensitivity of ROC.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.2 s.105
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• pp.279-286
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• 2006

One of the widely used methods for product recommendation in Internet storefronts is matching product features against target customer profiles. When using this method, it's very important to choose a suitable subset of features for recommendation efficiency and performance, which, however, has not been rigorously researched so far. In this paper, we utilize a dataset collected from a virtual shopping experiment in a Korean Internet book shopping mall to compare several popular methods from other disciplines for selecting features for product recommendation: the vector-space model, TFIDF(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency), the mutual information method, and the singular value decomposition(SVD). The application of SVD showed the best performance in the analysis results.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.561-581
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• 2017

Bayesian statistics can play a key role in the design and analysis of clinical trials and this has been demonstrated for medical device trials. By 1995 Bayesian statistics had been well developed and the revolution in computing powers and Markov chain Monte Carlo development made calculation of posterior distributions within computational reach. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiative of Bayesian statistics in medical device clinical trials, which began almost 20 years ago, is reviewed in detail along with some of the key decisions that were made along the way. Both Bayesian hierarchical modeling using data from previous studies and Bayesian adaptive designs, usually with a non-informative prior, are discussed. The leveraging of prior study data has been accomplished through Bayesian hierarchical modeling. An enormous advantage of Bayesian adaptive designs is achieved when it is accompanied by modeling of the primary endpoint to produce the predictive posterior distribution. Simulations are crucial to providing the operating characteristics of the Bayesian design, especially for a complex adaptive design. The 2010 FDA Bayesian guidance for medical device trials addressed both approaches as well as exchangeability, Type I error, and sample size. Treatment response adaptive randomization using the famous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation example is discussed. An interesting real example of a Bayesian analysis using a failed trial with an interesting subgroup as prior information is presented. The implications of the likelihood principle are considered. A recent exciting area using Bayesian hierarchical modeling has been the pediatric extrapolation using adult data in clinical trials. Historical control information from previous trials is an underused area that lends itself easily to Bayesian methods. The future including recent trends, decision theoretic trials, Bayesian benefit-risk, virtual patients, and the appalling lack of penetration of Bayesian clinical trials in the medical literature are discussed.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2009

As the use of 3DCAD data became widespread in designing products in manufacturing, attempts have been made to shorten lead time and reduce cost of production preparation utilizing 3DCAD data for launching assembly lines. In order to create assembly plans not only efficient but easy for operators to operate ('easy-to-operate'), this study presents approaches, methods, and systems for creating 3DCGAs (3 Dimensional Computer Graphic Animations) which automatically utilize a prototype-free production preparation methodology. Characteristics of this study include that it proposes the methodology for creating assembly operation 3DCGAs automatically, for all the possible assembly operations corresponding each of the possible assembly sequences first. Using the created 3DCGAs, the study next considers assembly methods by evaluating how easy or 'operator friendly' they are in implementing, and devises tools or jigs to be used, and plans efficient assembly line organization. The concept of the methodology was formed by focusing on the value-adding assembly steps at which parts turn into products directly. The study also validates the effectiveness of the presented methodology by employing the methods used in actual production preparation process in businesses, and proves that an efficient assembly line can be organized in a shorter period of time utilizing the developed system and by preparing easy-to-operate and efficient plans in 3DCGAs at the design stage.