• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2010

Road design guideline provides the directions on how to design a road alignment based on design speed, and this guideline has a design expectation in that design speed is supposed to be equal to the operating speed of drivers. Horizontal curve design is also based on design speed, and minimum radius is derived based on the drivers comfort while negotiating the curve. However, side friction reflecting drivers comfort is lower than a physical friction measured on wet road surface, therefore, it is reasonable to regard the criterion on minimum radius has a safety margin. Futhermore, the practical preference of choosing the larger radius than minimum leads to a noticeable gap between design speed and operating speed, so links to the violation of design expectation implicated in the guideline. In order to review this assumption, friction and operating speed at rural roads was measured and observed. As the results, a safety margin brought out by the gap between comfort-based friction and measured friction is qualitatively derived. Also, the gap between design speed and operating speed presumably caused by the safety margin and practical preference is analysed. By this, it is suggested that current design guideline should provides not only the minimum radius but also the management of road alignment design to minimize the gap between the design speed and operating speed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2011

According to statistics, drunk drivers who repeatedly violate the DUI (Driving under influence) regulation have been continuously increased, and now the habitual drunk drivers become a societal problem. Employing a confirmative factorial analysis of structural equation model to analysis psychological characteristics of habitual drunk drivers and also seek countermeasures, this study identify the difference among three different groups of drivers: 1) sober drivers, 2) drivers with a DUI violation record, and 3) drivers with more than two records. The results of this study are as follows: First, remedies and educational contents to rectify drunk drivers can be differentiated according to their drunk driving records. Second, using defense mechanism (e.g., rationalization, projection, sublimation), drunk driving psychology (such e.g., sense of guilt, shame, embarrassment) and self-esteem (e.g., affirmation, denial) as theory variables, a Structural Equation is constructed to represent Psychological Characteristics of drunk driving according to records on drunk driving. Third, as a result of analysis of the Psychological Characteristics Model, measures for prevention and reduction of drunk driving suitable for the characteristics of respective group are also suggested. Forth, drunk driving measures based on drinking individuality are complemented by concurrence analysis on records of drunk driving records and National Alcoholism Screening Test (NAST) score. Also, two or more times recorded drunk drivers are classified as inveterate drunk drivers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.143-155
• /
• 2009

A dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) has recently been implemented in many practical projects. The core of dynamic model is the inclusion of time scale. If excluding the time dimension from a DTA model, the framework of a DTA model is similar to that of static model. Similar to static model, with given exogenous travel demand, a DTA model loads vehicles on the network and finds an optimal solution satisfying a pre-defined route choice rule. In most DTA models, the departure pattern of given travel demand is predefined and assumed as a fixed pattern, although the departure pattern of driver is changeable depending on a network traffic condition. Especially, for morning peak commute where most drivers have their preferred arrival time, the departure time, therefore, should be modeled as an endogenous variable. In this paper, the authors point out some shortcomings of current DTA model and propose an alternative approach which could overcome the shortcomings of current DTA model. The authors substitute a traditional definition for time-dependent OD table by a new definition in which the time-dependent OD table is defined as arrival time-based one. In addition, the authors develop a new DTA model which is capable of finding an equilibrium departure pattern without the use of schedule delay functions. Three types of objective function for a new DTA framework are proposed, and the solution algorithms for the three objective functions are also explained.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.112-128
• /
• 2018

We are implementing pedestrian priority zone policy to certain districts to reduce greenhouse gas and to develop eco-friendly city which has more focus on pedestrians' walking environment. This policy has contributed to citizens' satisfaction level with improved public transportation service as well as more spacious streets for walk. Despite highly positive influence of pedestrian priority zone policy to the walking environment, we need to anticipate the impact of this to traffic environment as it may have bad effect to the overall traffic flow around the zone where the policy is implemented. This research has analyzed the change of characteristics of traffic accidents around the eco-traffic area of Hang-Gung dong, Suwon city, to understand impact of the pedestrian priority zone policy to the traffic surroundings, with pre-post analysis methodology. As a result, number of accidents related to pedestrians showed decrease as pedestrian priority zone is designed operated with focus to pedestrians. But accidents related illegal U-turn and violation of the traffic signal showed (significant) increase as there was a restriction of turns and decrease of overall traffic speed. To prevent the accidents above, we need to notice drivers to pay special attention before the pedestrian priority zone event, and information from this research should be given to the drivers through safety signs and mobile application at the place near to the event.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.123-163
• /
• 2014

As results of analyzing judicial precedents about infection in hospitals in connection with mistakes and causality in medical litigations shows that the Mitigation of Law Principles To Prove responsibility in medical litigation has not been able to play its role compared to its intended purposes. And Major sentiment from those judgments is that a mistake can't be proved only by the fact that certain infection in hospital occurred in connection with hospital infection. Therefore, the number of indirect facts to deny estimation is overwhelmingly high. Like this, especially for hospital infection which is difficult to prove indirect facts themselves to estimate mistake, major sentiment from those judgments have a problem that impute sharing of losses caused by hospital infection to patient. In accordance with the Principles of equitable and proper sharing of losses, it's required to prepare legal interpretation and theoretical methods to largely mitigate patient's responsibility to prove medical mistakes compared to other medical litigations in connection with existing Mitigation of Law Principles To Prove responsibility and conventional theory of estimation. In connection with this, the results of review that duty of safety management in hospital infection cases can be the base of conversion of proving responsibility, the duty that prevent hospital infection, corresponding the duty of safety management in hospital infection is not conventional duty of safety management based on duty of good faith but secondary obligation of medical contract. The breach of duty preventing hospital infection is the violation of medical contract, but there is no logical necessity that convert proving responsibility from the obligation of contract itself. Therefore, the duty of preventing hospital infection from the obligation of medical contract, corresponding the duty of safety management in hospital infection cases cannot be the base of conversion of proving responsibility alone. But, it's still required to conversion of proving responsibility in hospital infection, we need further studies on cases of Germany which applies legal estimation of proving responsibilities in hospital infection.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the circumstances surrounding collisions involving ambulances with an aim to improving the safe operation of emergency services. Collisions are relatively common within paramedic emergency services. We analyzed the time, injury site, and any other specific factors of 908 collisions occurring within four cities. Within our study 29.6% of paramedics have been involved in accidents while responding to an emergency call, with the main cause of the accident being signal violation (35.7%), and is the other party's negligence (22.2%). 92.1% of these accidents occurred while the emergency lights were being operated. XX% of accidents took place in the afternoon, while xx% took place within the hours of xx:xx and xx:xx, during which time there is generally lower levels of traffic, which can cause severe brain and neck damage of 14.4% but the other part is 62.1%. (Ed note; this is not clear at all. 14.4% of collisions resulted in severe head and neck injuries, while 23.5% of collisions resulted in no injury. According to the respondents, defensive driving (xx%), observance of traffic laws (xx%), safe driving habits (xx%)to paramedics were the most critical factors in evading collision. Signal passes were identified as the most common cause of collision (70.1%). Although the majority of collisions occurred while the emergency lights were operational, the damage can cause severe damage at the time of accident occurred.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.597-608
• /
• 2011

It has been often noted as a problem that as there are no objective and clear criteria for the repair cost estimate of persistent defects, when a claim arises in relation to an apartment construction, significantly different amounts of compensation may be given for similar defects based on the experience and tendencies of the construction experts asked to make a judgment. For this reason, this research aims to present defect managers with a more reasonable and objective estimation criteria and a system to determine the repair cost of defects based on an analysis of relevant factors. The research findings show that the historical cost system is applied first, and then a standard of estimation is used to estimate the cost for the items that are not included in the historical cost system. The criteria for the repair cost for each defect is as follows: the repair cost for defects arising from a regulation violation is determined by calculating the reconstruction cost of the parts in question after demolishing them; the repair cost for progressive defects is determined based on a contribution ratio proportional to the age of the building; the repair cost for repetitive defects is calculated by considering an alternative to maximize the intended function of the defective parts; and the repair cost for value depreciation defects is determined based on the ratio of the warranty period to the lapsed years. However, repair cost estimation for dual value depreciation defects should be studied in future research.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.263-289
• /
• 2010

This study did by purpose to be utilized to basic data for elevation of human rights consciousness of homeless facilities employees through examining their human rights consciousness by investigating human rights sensitivity that can grasp degree of human rights consciousness of homeless facilities employees. The human rights sensitivity of 390 homeless facilities employees who are working at 38 facilities around the whole country is compared and investigated. As a result, human rights sensitivity of employees displayed very low score by average 64.55 points in total score 150 points. Human rights sensitivity academic career of employees was shown meaningful difference, and human rights consciousness of substantial administrator is appeared very low in human rights sensitivity by duties. According to the existence and nonexistence of human rights education at the homeless facilities, the employs who had got human rights education shows higher human rights sensitivity than the employs who had not go human rights education. Therefore, regular program that can enforce human rights education Collectively as a formal curriculum in homeless facilities should be established and it's proposed to develop practical and efficient human rights education manual case by case related with the violation of human rights.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The quality of life (QoL) of the elderly and elder abuse are growing public health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of abuse and the association between QoL and abuse in older adults. Methods: Multistage random cluster sampling, along with valid QoL (LEIPAD: LEIden, the Netherlands; PADua, Italy; Helsinki, Finland) and abuse questionnaires, were used to assess QoL and elder abuse. Path analysis was performed using Mplus. SPSS and AMOS were used for the other analyses. Results: A total of 386 elderly individuals with a mean age of 68.00±6.10 years were interviewed, of whom 200 (51.8%), 289 (74.9%), and 376 (97.4%) were women, educated, and married, respectively. Moreover, 167 (43.2%) had low-to-moderate QoL, and 108 (27.9%) had experienced a moderate level of abuse. QoL and abuse were inversely associated (r=-0.253), with men (β=-0.24) more affected than women (β=-0.21). Musculoskeletal disorders were also strong determinants of QoL in the elderly. QoL was strongly associated with emotional abuse, while abuse was highly related to the social component of QoL. Furthermore, emotional abuse was the type of abuse most significantly associated with the self-care, depression/anxiety, cognitive, and social components of QoL. Sexual abuse, violation of personal rights, and neglect were the main determinants of the physical functioning, life satisfaction, and sexual domains of QoL, respectively. Conclusions: Nearly half of the elderly individuals lacked a high QoL, and at least one-fourth had experienced some form of abuse. Elder abuse was correlated inversely with QoL. Therefore, preventive interventions are recommended to decrease elder abuse in the family, community, and other settings.

• Informatization Policy
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.74-90
• /
• 2012

This thesis analyzes the Apple Inc.'s case from the viewpoint of the necessity for the protection of information privacy related to location data as for information society and ubiquitous community. Meanwhile, the regulatory conformity to equilibrium of contradictional value between personal data protection and utilization of information is debated from the fundamental right as for constitutional law concept to the commercial and technological structure in terms of economic and business point. Therefore, this paper reaches the conclusion that the legislative system should form a harmonious relationship between legal protection and lawful utilization to reappraise the present condition of legalization on personal data protection from guaranteeing rights and interests of information subject in the perspective of human rights to information guarantee consequently. As a result, it is required to revaluate the lawfulness of the fine on the violation of administrative duty levied by KCC(Korea Communications Commission).