• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2005

In the design of reinforced concrete beams, it is a standard practice to use the yield stress of the steel reinforcement for the evaluation of the flexural strength. However, because of strain hardening, the tensile strength of the steel reinforcement is often substantially higher than the yield stress. Thus, it is a common belief that the actual flexural strength should be higher than the theoretical flexural strength evaluated with strain hardening ignored. The possible increase in flexural strength due to strain hardening is a two-edge sword. In some cases, it may be treated as strength reserve contributing to extra safety. In other cases, it could lead to greater shear demand causing brittle shear failure of the beam or unexpected greater capacity of the beam causing violation of the strong column-weak beam design philosophy. Strain hardening may also have certain effect on the flexural ductility. In this paper, the effects of strain hardening on the post-peak flexural behaviour, particularly the flexural strength and ductility, of reinforced normal- and high-strength concrete beams are studied. The results reveal that the effects of strain hardening could be quite significant when the tension steel ratio is relatively small.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2005

The performance of optimisation methods, based on penalty functions, is highly problem- dependent and many methods require additional tuning of some variables. This additional tuning is the influences of penalty coefficient, which depend strongly on the degree of constraint violation. Moreover, Binary-coded Genetic Algorithm (BGA) meets certain difficulties when dealing with continuous and/or discrete search spaces with large dimensions. With the above reasons, Real-coded Micro-Genetic Algorithm (R$\mu$GA) is proposed to find the global optimum of continuous and/or discrete nonlinear constrained engineering problems without handling any of penalty functions. R$\mu$GA can help in avoiding the premature convergence and search for global solution-spaces, because of its wide spread applicability, global perspective and inherent parallelism. The proposed R$\mu$GA approach has been demonstrated by solving three different engineering design problems. From the simulation results, it has been concluded that R$\mu$GA is an effective global optimisation tool for solving continuous and/or discrete nonlinear constrained real­world optimisation problems.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2015

Background: In this study, the measurement of job stress of electric overhead traveling crane operators and quantification of the effects of operator and workplace characteristics on job stress were assessed. Methods: Job stress was measured on five subscales: employee empowerment, role overload, role ambiguity, rule violation, and job hazard. The characteristics of the operators that were studied were age, experience, body weight, and body height. The workplace characteristics considered were hours of exposure, cabin type, cabin feature, and crane height. The proposed methodology included administration of a questionnaire survey to 76 electric overhead traveling crane operators followed by analysis using analysis of variance and a classification and regression tree. Results: The key findings were: (1) the five subscales can be used to measure job stress; (2) employee empowerment was the most significant factor followed by the role overload; (3) workplace characteristics contributed more towards job stress than operator's characteristics; and (4) of the workplace characteristics, crane height was the major contributor. Conclusion: The issues related to crane height and cabin feature can be fixed by providing engineering or foolproof solutions than relying on interventions related to the demographic factors.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sexually explicit video viewing and social support through the mass media and the sex openness of adolescents. Methods: This study used as the main data of 'Study on Measures against Sexualization of Juveniles through Mass Media in the Smart Age' conducted by 'National Youth Policy Institute' in 2014 nationwide. 3,176 of the 4,356 adolescents in Korea were selected as the final study subjects after excluding the 1,180 missing adjectives. Results: As a result, sex openness of male students was higher than that of female students. The higher the grade, the higher the sex openness, and the higher the stimulus, the higher the sex openness. The higher the imitation sharing, the higher the sex openness. The higher the human rights violation, the lower sex openness. Finally, the higher the social support, the higher the sex openness. Conclusions: In conclusion, strengthening the management of realistic media providers and emotional education rather than the unconditional regulation of mass media is expected to help prevent adverse effects on the sex openness of adolescents.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2021

Compared with other philosophers and writers who were engaged in architecture Georges Bataille was extraordinary. Because he produced anti-architectural discourse. This paper studied the Bataille's thinking with relation to architecture that used as a fundamental and privileged metaphor. Philosophy regarded as the foundation of all academic discipline needed architecture in order to show its system was durable, synthetic and hierarchical. The will to build a solid system of reasoning made philosophy to call architecture to pretend that it is structurally stable. Metaphor and representation is inevitable in philosophy. Then architectural image that supported by discourse of philosophy became a representation of sociocultural system. According to Bataille architectural representation justified existing power and belief system. With architecture Identity always represented the true and good. This kind of architectonic thinking erased the Other that allowed metaphysics and symbolic Against architecture Bataille produced writings of violation and excess corresponding to labyrinth. Labyrinth in fact made a formal structure of architecture possible to be a metaphor of symbolic system. Bataille's anti-architectural thinking paradoxically shows the importance of Architecture and give a chance to rethink the ethical aspect of architecture instead of aesthetics.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2018

플랜트 내 위험지역의 안전을 위해 작업자 중심의 안전관리가 필요하다. 최근 5년간 가스 사고의 원인은 시설 노후 및 장비고장 뿐만 아니라, 사용자의 취급부주의나 고의사고, 공급자 취급부주의 등 작업자의 행동에 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이와 같은 사고를 미연에 방지하기 위해서, 플랜트 내 위험지역에 대한 실시간 모니터링이 필요로 하다. 하지만 실시간 모니터링을 위해서 작업(근로)공간에 카메라 설치 시, 인권침해와 같은 문제가 발생한다. 이를 방지하기 위해서 작업자의 신원 노출이 적은 저해상도의 Infrared 카메라를 이용한다. 또한 실시간 모니터링 시, 사람이 아닌 CNN알고리즘을 이용하여 이미지 분석을 통하여 인권침해 문제를 예방한다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.961-971
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• 2019

공유 자원 간섭으로 인해 가상머신 간의 격리가 위반되고 은닉 채널 구현이 가능해서 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 가상머신 간의 격리는 중요 보안 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 Hyper-V 하이퍼바이저의 구조를 분석하여 가상머신 간의 은닉 채널을 구현한다. Hyper-V는 가상머신 간의 상호 배제를 위해 mutex(mutual exclusion) 기법을 사용한다. Mutex로 인해 가상머신 간의 간섭이 발생하고 은닉 채널 구현이 가능함을 밝힌다. 구조가 복잡한 Hyper-V에 적용가능한 mutex 자원 탐색 방안을 고안하여 은닉 채널을 다수 구현하였다. Mutex 기반 은닉 채널은 하드웨어 의존적이지 않으며, 은닉 채널이 탐지되거나 방어되는 경우 다수의 은닉 채널 중에서 다른 은닉 채널을 이용하면 방어 기법 회피가 가능하다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

This research aims to investigate the application of Keynes's theory in Indonesia, particularly in solving unemployment and poverty problems through government spending, economic growth, and human resource capacity. The basic concepts of the Keynesian theory were used as a method, through which government spending was harnessed toward economic growth in reducing unemployment and poverty rate. The analytical materials used were panel data for the 2017-2021 period in Central Java, Indonesia. The analytical methodology used was a multiple regression experimental design in selecting the best model according to Keynes's theory, especially for overcoming formidable problems. The main results showed that large Government spending program is ineffective in encouraging pro-growth, pro-job, pro-poor, and pro-equity development policy strategies. The causes of this failure include the violation of Keynes' assumptions about rationality and the low quality of education investment, which do not encourage productive and innovative entrepreneurship, as well as self-employment opportunities. As a result, government spending, including subsidies and direct financial assistance, used to implement the macroeconomic monetary, unstructured, and fiscal policy system is insufficient to significantly reduce the enormous difficulties. The main research results confirm that human capital capacity is the key to mitigating and reducing unemployment and poverty.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2013년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.621-624
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• 2013

Mobile Cloud Computing is today's emerging technology. Customers enjoy the services and application from this combination of mobile technology and cloud computing. Beside all these benefits it also increases the concerns regarding privacy of users, while interacting with this new paradigm One of the services is Location based services, but to get their required services user has to give his/her current location to the LBS provider that is violation of location privacy of mobile client. Many approaches are in literature for preserve location privacy but some has computation restriction and some suffer from lack of privacy. In this paper we proposed a novel idea that not only efficient in its protocol but also completely preserves the user's privacy. The result shows that by sharing just service name and a large enough geographic area (e.g. a city) user gets required information from the server by doing little client side processing We perform experiments at client side by developing and testing an android based mobile client application to support our argument.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2018

Both in terms of frequency and importance, sympathy is one of the most central themes that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) delves into. While not a few critics have written on the subject, one crucially important aspect has been overlooked in the previous discussions of sympathy in Frankenstein: Shelley's critical intervention in the term's long lasting association with the notion of one body from a single origin. Focusing on the novel's central theme of sympathy, my paper addresses this oversight in the existing Frankenstein scholarship. I argue that Shelley's main agenda regarding sympathy in the novel is to problematize the logic of self-reproduction implicit in the notion of sympathy as an essentially familial tie. The reading of the novel as a warning against human violation of nature has been prevalent both in academia and popular culture. Nonetheless, in terms of sympathy, this paper offers an alternative reading in which the novel questions, not valorizes, the naturalization of nature. Far from valorizing the inviolable sacredness of nature, I argue, Frankenstein is a literary project attempting to disassociate sympathy from the natural bond that one is born into, and instead, re-associate it with fellowship as a second-nature to be continuously reinvented and reeducated.