• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and ecological characteristics of excessive television viewing among elementary school students in Seoul. Methods: Secondary data, representative sample of 11,082 subjects in Seoul was used. After prevalence of the excessive television viewing was identified by using factor analysis, 6 main factors explaining the ecological indicators was founded. After identifying prevalence of the excessive television viewing, by using factor analysis, we found 6 main factors explaining the ecological indicators. After categorizing factors into socio-psychological and lifestyle characteristics, we were investigated the odds ratio of excessive television viewing per characteristics by using multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of excessive television viewing was 29.7% among the elementary school student in Seoul. The prevalence were higher in male, higher grade, and non-South of the Han River. Socio-psychological indicators which expressed excessive television viewing were annoying or bullying, scolding from teacher, depressed mode, thought for a runaway from home, an experience of diet, and negative body image. Life style indicators were a lower intake of fruit and vegetables, a higher intake of Ramyun and soft drink, a worse life style of hand washing, and wearing safety equipment. Conclusion: Lifestyle of television viewing was the comprehensive results from family, school, and society rather than a personal preference. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the hazard of excessive television viewing, to reenforce the students' health competence, to activate a safe leisure program as an alternate of television viewing, and to develop a recommendation.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-134
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• 2022

This study conducted a survey on visitors who visited the 2021-2022 KBL Professional Basketball Stadium in Wonju to understand how professional sports viewing factors affect the club image, club satisfaction, and club reputation. As factors for watching professional sports, four factors were considered: stadium, game situation, spectating cost, and spectator promotion. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed and 411 questionnaires excluding 39 questionnaires were used as the final analysis data. For the effective questionnaire survey, After analyzing the purpose and purpose of the research, participants were asked to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package after data coding and cleaning process. The results of this study are as follows. First, the effect of professional sports viewing factor on brand image was 45.1%, and the factor of pro sports viewing was significant in stadium, competition situation, and promotion of viewing, and had no effect on viewing cost. Second, the influence of professional sporting factor on the satisfaction of the team was 42.5% in explaining power, which was significant in the stadium, the competition situation, the cost of visiting, and promotion of viewing. Third, the influence of professional sports viewing factor on team reputation was 62.1%, and the factor of professional sports viewing was significant in promoting stadium, visiting cost, and viewing, and had no effect on economic situation. The implication of this study is that in order to increase the brand value of the club, it is much more effective to increase the quality of facilities and food and beverages and to activate events for the audience than to lower the cost of viewing.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between media engagement, viewing immersion, viewing satisfaction, and loyalty of e-sports viewers. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on 300 college students with experience in watching e-sports in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungnam. Data processing was done with SPSS 26 for frequency analysis, Cronbach's α analysis. Also, AMOS 13 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. We have the following results. first, among the sub-factors of media engagement, functional engagement and communal engagement had a significant effect on viewing commitment. Second, among the sub-factors of media engagement, emotional engagement had a significant effect on viewing satisfaction. Third, it was found that viewing commitment and viewing satisfaction had a significant effect on loyalty. From the results of this study, it can be seen that the media engagement of e-sports viewers affects loyalty through viewing commitment and viewing satisfaction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

Based on extraction items derived from previous related studies on viewing experiences in art museums, this study is conducted to investigate extraction factors that affect viewing satisfactions and to suggest a guideline for an effective viewing environment by clarifying a hierarchy among the extraction factors. For this study, a survey was given to museum visitors, and statistical analyses were conducted on data obtained from the survey. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. From an analysis of extraction items that affect overall viewing satisfaction, space and art works were found to be relatively satisfactory. 2. From correlation analyses of extraction items, a degree of concentration on art works was found to most 'affect the viewing satisfactions of art museums. 3. From factor analyses, extraction items were reduced to 11 extraction factors, and a simple extraction structure affecting the viewing satisfactions in art museums. 4. From multiple regression analyses, a extraction factors were derived, and a relative hierarchy among the factors was found.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out how the perceived waiting time of viewers of e-sports games affects negative emotions and how these negative emotions affect viewing satisfaction, viewing attitude, and continuous viewing intention. To achieve the purpose of this study, 200 viewers who watched e-sports games more than two to three times were targeted. 197 copies were selected as the final valid sample after excluding three of the collected questionnaires that showed unfaithful answers. For data processing methods, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis were conducted using SPSS 27 and AMOS 25. Through this, the following results were obtained. First, it was found that the perceived waiting time of the viewer had a significant effect on the viewers' negative emotions in the event of a game pause. Second, viewers' negative emotions were found to have a significant effect on viewing attitudes, but not on viewing satisfaction. Third, it was found that viewing attitude had a significant effect on viewing satisfaction and continuous viewing intention. Fourth, it was found that viewing satisfaction had a significant effect on continuous viewing intention. In other words, the more acceptable and shorter the perceived waiting time due to the suspension of the game pause, the lower the negative emotions of the viewers, and the negative emotions of the viewers ultimately affect the intention to continue watching through viewing attitude and viewing satisfaction.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.191-198
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• 2023

In recent years, we have witnessed a growing popularity of virtual reality (VR) technology. Understanding the factors that contribute to a comfortable VR viewing experience is crucial for its successful implementation. This study specifically explored the role of gender in determining the ideal viewing distance for VR animation. To do so, we enlisted 100 participants, comprising 41 males and 59 females, and had them engage in a VR animation viewing task, during which we recorded their preferred viewing distances. Our findings revealed that there was no significant distinction between males and females regarding their favored VR animation viewing distances. These results suggest that when creating VR content, gender may not be a noteworthy factor to take into account when determining the optimal viewing distances for a comfortable experience.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2012

In order to increase visitors' viewing satisfaction and viewing behavior in the art museum exhibit by flat works, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of major evaluation factors, such as 'the number of artworks and their intervals', 'the space of exhibition and the size of walls', and 'compositional change of exhibition spaces', which have a close relationship with each evaluation factors, by focusing on artworks and exhibition space. Thus, to investigate how the characteristic differences of the major evaluation factors in art museums affect visitors' viewing satisfaction and viewing behavior, this study compared the related analytical indicators, and conducted a correlation analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the degree of concentration on artworks (which has been selected as a collective assessment indicator of visitors' satisfaction) increased when the exhibition space of art museum is display by less artworks and they have big interval in the large wall. Second, visitors' viewing satisfaction and qualitative viewing behavior increased when the exhibition space of art museum are simple and they change to simpler step by step. These findings imply that there is a high correlation between visitors' visio-perceptual experiences and viewing behavior, and that visitors' viewing satisfaction and viewing behavior can be predicted partially in the certain exhibition environment from this correlation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.156-158
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• 2007

The radiance observed from the ocean depends on the illumination and viewing geometry along with the water properties, and this variation is called the bidirectional effect which is important to be considered in ocean color remote sensing. In the present study, as a preliminary step, the spectral-angular radiances in coastal water were investigated with experiments for a range of viewing geometric conditions $(0-70^{\circ})$. Over a phytoplankton-dominated water surface the upward radiance for visible and near-infrared wavelengths (example, SeaWiFS and GOCI) increased at nadir and decreased toward the near-horizon, becoming dependent of viewing angles (with higher radiance at nadir view angle and lower radiance at near-horizon viewing angle). This variations were better expressed by the Q-factor, which relates upwelling radiance to the upwelling irradiance (i.e., $Q=E_u/L_u$, also dependent on Sun's position). The Q-factor for this case was more non-uniform with the considered wavelengths and was dependent on viewing geometric conditions. These experimental results confirm the previous similar findings in other coastal waters.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.700-702
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• 2008

A new evaluation method which named 'Security Viewing Angle Factor (SVAF)' was suggested for VIC (Viewing-angle Image Control) technology to quantify a visual hiding performance of LCD. Currently, Contrast Ration (CR) is the general method to evaluate VIC technology. However, CR shows a significant difference when compared with the result of human visual system. Furthermore, a perceptional evaluation method and its conditions were established.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.209-215
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of broadcasters' broadcasting commentators' attributes on broadcasting conditions and the intention of continuous viewing of e-sports competitions. To achieve this goal, a survey was conducted on 300 university students who had experience watching e-sports competition broadcasting. The final 295 copies were selected as the final valid samples and data processing was carried out. Using SPSS 23, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and simple and multiple regression analysis were performed. The result of this study was: First, reliability and attractiveness among the sub-factors of commentator attributes were shown to have a positive effect on broadcasting conditions. Second, reliability and attractiveness among the sub-factors of commentator attributes have a positive effect on the intent of continuous viewing. Third, broadcasting conditions have a positive effect on the intention of continuous viewing.