• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.172-182
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• 1992

The binary classification, Yin & Yang, can be shown in our culture. Yin & Yang thinking reveals the Up/Down (Principal/Subordinate) relation in space, and Before/After relation in time, and it shows the sequence of Contrast${\to}$Reconciliation & Unification${\to}$Contrast. For example, a follower is Yin against King, while Yang as a father against his son in our trational cognitive structure. With Left/Right, Front/Rear, and Upper/Lower, In/Out division is a basic body-space term to grasp the space position. In the traditional Korean house, when we go out from the deepest 'In', Anbang to Daechung, we may call Anbang 'In' and Daechung 'Out'. When from Daechung to Anmadang reversely, we call Daechung 'In' and Anmadang 'Out'. Namely, Daechung is both 'In' and 'Out'. This is a fallacy logic in view of western basic conception. 'The In/Out Structure, system of a series of inner spaces, is defined as a transformation of cognitive structure of Yin & Yang thinking to the Korean architectural space. The space structure is one of the important deep structure in Korean society.' The concept of the space structure, apperred in east Asia, can make humane space, for it is not a physical 'type' of typepology but related to cognitive structure of human thinking, The structure is applicable to space design in modern society, for the cognitive structure exists in living culture by transformation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2010

A LiDAR technique has the merits that survey engineers can get a large number of measurements with high precision quickly. Aerial photos and satellite sensor images are used for generating 3D spatial images which are matched with the map coordinates and elevation data from digital topographic files. Also, those images are used for matching with 3D spatial image contents through perspective view condition composed along to the designated roads until arrival the corresponding location. Recently, 3D aviation image could be generated by various digital data. The advanced geographical methods for guidance of the destination road are experimented under the GIS environments. More information and access designated are guided by the multimedia contents on internet or from the public tour information desk using the simulation images. The height data based on LiDAR is transformed into DEM, and the real time unification of the vector via digital image mapping and raster via extract evaluation are transformed to trace the generated model of 3-dimensional downtown building along to the long distance for 3D tract model generation.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.133-141
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• 2018

In Europe side, Most of North Korean refugee lives in New Malden, Kingstone resident with South Korean and international student near London, United Kingdom (UK).The reason why dispersed around in Europe is can be issue in societies with secure problem and temporary protection status have to be accept for change the concept in international law and refugee law. their ethnicity is organized by North Korean defectors, South Korean, Korean-Chinese in the area of New Malden and Kingstone.it means small unification is going to foundation on abroad. also their solidarity of diasporic integration development would ahead. and have to organise of Coexistence between U.K and thier ethnicity. for Humanitarian way for vulnerable. But Europe is not the most welcoming place for North Koreans at the moment. The European Alliance for Human Rights in North Korea, an advocacy group, reported in 2015 that many European countries had rejected the vast majority of North Korean asylum cases. Partly this is to do with how governments view North Korean defectors: the UK "considers North Koreans as South Korean citizens, thus excluding them from refugee status".

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.29-60
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• 2003

Inter-Korean Cooperation in Science and Technology will contribute to building the trust between S.K and N.K as a leading factor and cut down the cost of unification by diminishing the technology lag and the gap of economic level. This study has shown that we can increase the productivity of unified Korea Innovation system if we systematically analyse the present condition of the Inter-Korean Cooperation and promote Inter-Korean Cooperation. In this study, the author analyses the present condition of the Inter-Korean Cooperation with integrated framework of three aspects to clear up the policy of Inter-Korean Cooperation. First, in the national aspect, we make use of the notion of international cooperation and multilateral mechanism of an international organization. Thereafter, we make out the alternatives in the aspects of international relationship and legal and institutional view Second, in the unification aspect, we consider the Inter-Korean Cooperation by the notion of national innovation system. Thereafter, we make out the alternative in the aspect of a phase-dependent approach. Finally, in technology aspect, we consider the Inter-Korean Cooperation by the notion of technology gap, the framework of technology transfer, and technology dependency theory. As a conclusion, through this study, the author have tried to integrate the various theoretical backgrounds. As a result, the author could analyse the present condition of ter-Korean Cooperation in Science and Technology and team a good lesson from it; Therefore, we can use it as a means of evaluation on a cooperation program and prediction for the future status of cooperation.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-45
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• 1999

This study reviewed theories on entrepreneurial local governance and inquired the changing regional policy in Chonnam region. The region became exposure as the direct investment unit of global capital by globalization of capital, the inter-regional competition and the relative reduction of the role and function of nation state. Therefore local government have the relative autonomy and the region is effected as the chosen space by capital according to the free movement of capital. It has been argued that there has been a reorientation of urban governance away from the local provision of welfare and services to a more outward-orientated stance designed to foster and encourage local growth and economic development. These profound changes in the way that cities operate have seen the public sector taking over characteristics once distinctive to the private sector leading many commentators to term such modes of governance as entrepreneurial. In Chonnam region, many local governments are introducing entrepreneurial policies for regional development. It appears as place marketing strategy to attract capital and tourists. This strategy is very important to used identity or culture of region in order to make the attractive region. The entrepreneurial characteristics and strategies appear as image unification of region, commodity development of natural or cultural resource, event and business projects. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial policy that is based upon regional growth can cause the problem of social justice like distributional distortion and inequality.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.67-88
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• 2009

In April, 1995, ANC government was established in South Africa. The Black government set up Truth and Reconciliation Committee in November, 1995. The Committee investigated approximately 50,000 cases for 3years. Through this process, Black and White in SA could be united into one. Finally, the system of racial discrimination, lasting for about 300 years, was abolished. The Committee played a role as a social infra-structure, which was to perform and solidify democracy in SA. Reconciliation, agreement, Participation, equality, Communication, and Reformation of law system were practically implemented by the Committee. Many people evaluate TRC's activity, which had the reformative and democratic character of the object of investigation, investigative criterion, investigative process, and the approval of investigative result. But De Klerk evaluates that TRC retaliated the White with legal. J. Cronin evaluates that TRC transiently change democracy of the South Africa, and many other social movement groups had a negative view about TRC. But the Black and White in South Africa transformed 'discriminated society' into 'united one'. The Committee took the initiative in such a change. The Committee was not an organization needed for the policy, but the committee was the policy itself to change the former society to the new one. Now The ANC government was forwarding TRC's roles and functions to the truth and reconciliation bureau of the Justice Department for further action. The ANC government has to execute some policy for social reconciliation. Firstly, the government needs to build construction social and national system for making close investigation into the White's historical guilt. Secondly, it must be executed to TRC's recommendation pursuit social reform of social infra-structure in the South Africa. Thirdly, The government should execute policy for the Black's right as labors and social member. Lastly, the government must investigate still-remaining historic state violence and infringement of human right for social reconciliation.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.139-178
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• 2003

This study investigates Koreans respondents' perception of American society, American people and its influence in Korea and the world. These analyses have been conducted to provide the psychological, social and cultural basis for understanding the anti-American sentiments among Korean junior high school students, university students and adults. American influence is further divided into American influence on Korean society, on North-South Korean unification, and in the world. In addition, respondents' knowledge of the USA, their satisfaction with the current political functioning, and background information were obtained. A total of 763 respondents (171 junior high school students, 250 university students, and 342 parents of junior high school students) completed a survey questionnaire developed by the first two authors. The overall results indicate that the respondents had a negative view of the USA and its influence in Korea and the world. Majority of respondents perceive American society as being commercial, exclusionary, and ethnocentric. Some respondents perceive American society as being democratic and advanced. As for American people, they are perceive them as being selfish and at the same time independent and carefree. The trust for American society is very low. As for American influence in Korea, it is perceived it as creating dependency and less likely to be perceived as promoting progress and development. As for North-South Korean relations, respondents perceive the USA as interfering with the unification of two Koreas. Finally, respondents perceive the USA as a superpower with imperialistic and dominating tendencies and they were less like to perceive the USA as promoting democracy and justice. Significant differences across the age groups have been found with the junior high school students holding the most negative view about the USA and their parents holding the most positive view of the USA. University students had mixed views of the USA. holding both positive and negative views of the USA. Those respondents with greater dissatisfaction of the political system and with less knowledge about the USA has more negative views of the USA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 1986

This study is aimed at providing guidelines to settle unified terminologies that can be used in education, industry and factories by identifying the problems in the use of complicated terminologies concerning manufacture of western costumes. The results of the study reveal that educational terminologies tend to be more Korean languages whereas the terminologies used in practice consist of main streams of Japanese words which were transmitted erroneously, thus causing barriers of communication between the two fields, being same points to be called differently and being the terminologies pertinent to Korean costumes mistakenly used for western costumes. The confusion of use of professional terminologies is significant problem to be sotted in view point not only of the economic aspects of low productivity but also of the settlement and transmission of Korean culture. Therefore, the administrative measures are badly in need to solve all these problems. The following points are recommended to solve these problems on the basis of the findings of this study. 1) In principle the mistakenly transmitted Japanese words and the mixed up terminologies should be Koreanized, but those words for which there are no proper Korean words and complicated words difficult to commumicate can be replaced by the standardized pronunciation of the original words. 2) The words for Korean costumes which are mistakenly used for western costumes should be expressed by the standard of western costumes. 3) The readily localized foreign terminologies had better be used as they are. 4) The variety of terminologies indicating same points should be Koreanized in unification to best express the true meaning of the original words. 5) The misspelled Korean words and the dialect of Korean words should be standardized.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2001

The relation of endocrine in the western medicine and zangfu-organ functions in Korean medicine, related to growth disturbance, was studied and derived the following results. 1. The hormone most related to growth disturbance is, directly secreted from the anterior pituitary or is stimulated and secreted in the target grands, growth hormone, thyroid, adrenocortical hormone, gonadial hormone and is insulin secreted from $\beta$ cell of langerhans' slands of pancreas. 2. the pituitary has the most close relation with the kidney in the five zang-organ. Because the kidney is innate origin(先天之本) and promotes qi and blood(生化氣血), stores the essence of life(藏精), dominates the bones(主骨) and promotes the marrow(生骨髓). Especially it is connected with brain(通於腦). 3. In the children growth, the endocrine action in the pituitary has the most close relation with the kidney, As in the reports of the brain and spinal cord, bone, store essence of life, sexual maturation and decline(kidney-qi, sexual functions of both sexes(天癸)) etc, and cause of cretinism, dwarf in the main subject. 4. Somatomedin is the most important factor of the growth factors, IGF in another word. The unification of IGF and secretion is controlled firstly according to growth hormone, however is very closely related to the nutrition status in the non-hormonic causes. Also, it is affected very much by the insulin. 5. Insulin is one of the important hormone related to the growth and is secreted from the pancreas. Pancreas belongs to the functional system of spleen in oriental medicine, thus the growth disturbance, occurred due to error in insulin secretion and nutrition(in another words, the lack of postnatal essential substance from food-stuff(水穀精氣)), is closely related to the spleen. 6. From the results driven above, the hormone action of endocrine and problem in secretion, related to the growth disturbance, must be focused on the differentiation of symptoms and signs of the kidney and the spleen in oriental medicine.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine how the perception of lives and studies in the Joseon Dynasty period, and the concept of its sculptures can be reflected in Korean traditional pavilion place, from the perspective of Nomadism as a western philosophy of this era. Nomadism literally refers to way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically searching for temporary centres whose stability depends on the availability of food and water supply or pastures for their livestock. In recent years, the term encompasses three general types: job nomads, digital nomads and ubi-nomads, which represent distinct features of modern society. Its concept implies looking for the new creative possibility through the liberation of desire and the breakaway to another thinking through continuous formation and transformation. Likewise, Korean traditional pavilion is the architecture to take a quick rest while walking in the mountains. This open place thus connects surroundings with people who are allowed to assimilate with nature as well as train their mind by following the law of nature, in order to finally reach the celestial state of mind. Knowing how to see, enjoy and appreciate the arts very close to nature, our ancestors were able to learn aesthetic activities. After recognizing Korean traditional pavilion as the potential place of unification of heaven and men which is Korean scholor's lifestyle and outlook on the world, this study accordingly will identify the value and meaning of Korean traditional architecture according to Nomadism in the occidental point of view.