• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2009

Objectives: Although Asian immigrants have lower rates of smoking and binge drinking than other ethnics in the US, Korean Americans have the highest rate of Asian immigrants. This study, therefore, compared with the rates and examined the predictors of smoking and binge drinking by gender and ethnicity among Asian immigrants in California. Methods: In 2001 and 2003, California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were conducted in English and their original languages with Asian immigrants residing in 58 Counties and 3 Cities, California. We performed analysis to find out the differences of smoking and binge drinking rates using the secondary data, CHIS 2001 and 2003. Multiple logistic regression analysis for survey data identified predictors of smoking and binge drinking behaviors by gender and ethnicity. Results: Korean American males (35.4%) and Japanese American females (15.4%) had higher rates of smoking prevalence compared with other Asian immigrants in California. In binge drinking, 26.5% of male and 8.1% of female among Korean Americans were binge drinker, and the rates were the top with Asian Americans who had lived in California. It showed the remarkable gap between gender of smoking and binge drinking among Vietnamese immigrants, whereas not the striking difference among Japanese Americans. In multiple regression models, age, educational level, occupation, marital status, English proficiency, and health insurance coverage remained significant for smoking and binge drinking behaviors(P<0.05). Even though the time in the US was not significant, it seemed to be related to educational level and English proficiency. In particular among female, smoking and binge drinking behaviors were associated with acculturation. Conclusion: Although Asian Americans had shared with American culture since they had immigrated in the US, they had significantly different prevalence rates of smoking and binge drinking based on gender and ethnicity. Therefore, future efforts should be focused on understanding differences by ethnicity and target at high-risk subgroups. To achieve this, it needs to develop the educational materials in Korean and their original languages.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4895-4900
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• 2015

Physician recommendation is an important predictor of HPV vaccine acceptance; however, physician willingness and preferences regarding HPV vaccination may be influenced by factors including patient age, vaccine type, and cost. A cross-sectional survey was administered to a convenience sample of health care providers in Da Nang, Vietnam, to evaluate awareness, perceptions about HPV and HPV vaccines, and willingness to vaccinate a female patient. Willingness to vaccinate was evaluated using a full-factorial presentation of scenarios featuring the following factors: vaccine cost (free vs 1,000,000 VND), patient age (12, 16, or 22 years), and HPV vaccine type (bivalent vs quadrivalent). Responses from 244 providers were analyzed; providers had a mean age of $34{\pm}11.9$ years; a majority were female, married, and had children of their own. Thirty-six percent specialized in obstetrics/gynecology and 24% were providers in family medicine. Of the three factors considered in conjoint analysis, vaccine cost was the most important factor in willingness to vaccinate, followed by patient age, and vaccine type. The most favorable scenario for vaccinating a female patient was when the vaccine was free, the patient was 22 years of age, and the HPV4 vaccine was described. In multivariable analysis, older age, being a physician, being married, and having children were all associated with increased willingness to recommend HPV vaccination (p<0.05). Provider willingness is an important aspect of successful HPV vaccination programs; identifying preferences and biases in recommendation patterns will highlight potential areas for education and intervention.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.255-275
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• 2017

In every country, land has always been considered a particularly important resource and property. For Vietnam, a populous country with a relatively narrow cultivated land, the land is even more valuable because property is scarce in the process of building and developing the nation. Therefore, land administration is highly valued by the Vietnamese government and is a big priority. The study of land law and land policy in Vietnam from 1945 to present is a comprehensive view of the changes in land administration policy in Vietnam in each historical period. The study also provides the experiences and lessons learned in the field of land law and land administration in a country that has risen from the ashes of war, has accomplished reunification and has transformed from a centrally-planned economy, a feature of the communist economy, to a socialist-oriented market economy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1271-1276
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• 2018

The CPTPP(Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership) is a large-scale free trade agreement(FTA) in the Asia-Pacific region involving 11 remaining countries(Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia and Brunei) since the withdrawal of the US TPP in January 2017, Although the economic size is smaller than the TPP, the CPTPP has 12.9% of the world GDP and 14.9% of the trade volume, meaning that another mega FTA is born. Local economic experts believe that Vietnam's stable economic growth rate and the CPTPP agreement will have a positive impact on Vietnam's stock market and M&A market in 2018. The experts usually expect it will be come into force in 2018 and not later than 2019. The CPTPP is also very likely to enter into force in 2019 with the aggressive attitude of the member countries, simplifying the entry into force of the agreement.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.461-467
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• 2009

This paper provides two case studies of environmental impacts with socio-economic values. The first case is on flood protection levees conducted from 2003 to 2004 in Phu Tan district, An Giang province. The impacts were found by comparing full flood protection levees area (FFPL) to non-full flood protection levees area (NFFPL). Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools per each group of rich, middle, and poor people were used to list the impacts. Then, major impacts were selected by ranking and interviewing 60 households per site, and assessed by Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) in rice production from 1996 to 2002 between two areas. The tested research indicated moving system of NFFPL to that of FFPL lost about 11 million VND/ha/year. The second case is on impacts of Penaeid shrimp farming conducted in Duyen Hai District, Tra Vinh Province in 2004-2005. Ninety households and 12 local officials were interviewed. Four PRAs were conducted and 36 water samples were taken inside and outside shrimp pond to measure values of DO, COD, Fe total, TSS, N-$NO_3{^-}$, N-$NH_4{^+}$, P-$PO{_4}^{3-}$, and Chlorophyll-a. Research results showed only 36.7% of the households got profit from shrimp farming. Highest financial efficiency was 0.72 for the semi-intensive system. Tested water indicators showed surface water quality did not match Vietnamese standard for surface water in coastal area (TCVN 5943-1995) and in rain. The water was very muddy and contaminated by organic aluminum. Summarily, the impacts were clarified more obviously via adding socio-economic values to assessment. Importantly, the values were transformed to household's income which is an indicator for policy-makers to consider the impacts obviously. Besides, data of different group of people impacted are cases contributing to consideration of the impacts in an appropriate social level.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2016

This paper is aimed at finding whether foreign students' Korean speaking skills can be increased or not through memorizing whole Korean sentences and pair works. First, the advance studies on the effects of this teaching method were surveyed. Second, the activity of this study was mainly pair works with foreign students, so how to do this activity was described. This activity was intended to help each other with keeping study and correcting errors while drilling in class. Thanks to this convergence teaching approach the students' frequency of target language, the Korean language was dramatically increased, and their motivation and energy were brought from this activity. They have to do communications with each other because each pair was made of one Chinese and one Vietnamese. They have no choice but to use Korean in communication. Finally, the questionnaire and interviews also showed that almost all of the students were satisfied with this convergence teaching approach.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.439-442
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• 2015

We observed multiple CO transition lines and the HCN(1-0) line at ~ 1" (~ 34 pc) or higher resolution toward the Seyfert 2 nucleus of M51 using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) and the Submillimeter Array (SMA). All the images show very similar overall molecular gas distribution; there are two discrete clouds at the eastern and western sides of the nucleus, and the western cloud exhibits an elongated distribution and velocity gradient along the radio jet. In addition, high HCN(1-0)/CO(1-0) brightness temperature ratios of about unity have been observed, especially along the radio jet, similar to those observed in shocked molecular gas in our Galaxy. This strongly indicates that the molecular gas along the jet is shocked, that the radio jet and the molecular gas are interacting, and the jet is entraining both diffuse (CO) and dense (HCN) molecular gas outwards from the circumnuclear region. This is the first clear imaging of the outflowing molecular gas entrained by the AGN jet, and showing the detailed physical status of outflowing molecular gas. Since a relatively high HCN(1-0)/CO(1-0) ratio has been observed in the high velocity wing of ultraluminous infrared galaxies, it can also be explained by a similar mechanism to those we describe here.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.449-460
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to provide base data for designing education and counseling programs for child-raising by identifying the types, characteristics and predictors of parenting behaviors of married immigrant women. Methods: We used a self-report questionnaire to survey 126 immigrant mothers of young children, who agreed to participate, and who could speak Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, Filipino, or English, at two children's hospitals and two multicultural support centers. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, K-means clustering, ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA, $Sch{\acute{e}}ffe^{\prime}s$ test, and multinominal logistic regression. Results: We identified three clusters of parenting behaviors: 'affectionate acceptance group' (38.9%), 'active engaging group' (26.2%), and 'passive parenting group' (34.9%). Passive parenting and affectionate acceptance groups were distinguished by the conversation time between couples (p=.028, OR=5.52), ideology of motherhood (p=.032, OR=4.33), and parenting stress between parent and child (p=.049, OR=0.22). Passive parenting was distinguished from active engaging group by support from spouses for participating in multicultural support centers or relevant programs (p=.011, OR=2.37), and ideology of motherhood (p=.001, OR=16.65). Ideology of motherhood was also the distinguishing factor between affectionate acceptance and active engaging groups (p=.041, OR=3.85). Conclusion: Since immigrant women's parenting type depends on their ideology of motherhood, parenting stress, and spousal relationships in terms of communication and support to help their child-raising and socio-cultural adaptation, it is necessary to provide them with systematic education and support, as well as interventions across personal, family, and community levels.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.171-196
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• 2017

This study employed the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology with the enhancement of the competitiveness of Vietnamese commercial banks set as the overall goal of the model. Analysis of the survey questionnaire based on pair-wise comparisons and collected from experts in the field of banking led to three significant findings. First, banking safety is the most important evaluation criteria for the competitiveness of local commercial banks in Vietnam, followed by operating efficiency, intangible values and large scale. Second, in order to achieve the overall goal of enhancing competitiveness for local banks, securing healthy financial conditions should be made the priority. Effective management systems, strategic human resource planning and high-quality products and services all show strong connections to achieving the evaluation criteria. Third, the study found that bad debt settlement is essential in obtaining healthy financial conditions. In order to introduce effective management systems as well as high-quality products and services, technological advances are very important. Improving the quality of executives and staff is imperative for strategic human resource planning purposes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.163-178
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to develop a tool to measure the corporate social responsibility activities of tourism and hotel companies using ISO26000 and to verify its reliability and validity. Design/Methodology/Approach - This study is the development of a tool for evaluating social responsibility activities of tourism and hotel companies. For this, as the first stage filer research, 4 experts developed the questions based on ISO26000. And 12 experts (academia, industry) were surveyed by Delphi to evaluate suitability. Finally, the validity and reliability of the development tool were verified for a total of 55 incumbents and related persons. Research Results - For the development of a tool for measuring social responsibility activities of tourism and hotel companies, based on the standard draft of ISO26000, questions that fit 7 core areas were composed (60 questions). In addition, a Delphi survey was conducted on a panel of 12 experts, and a total of 45 questions were derived. Finally, as a result of an exploratory factor analysis of 55 field experts, 20 items consisting of 6 factors were finally confirmed as a measuring tool for social responsibility activities of tourism and hotel companies. Research implications or originality - It is significant for the first development of a social responsibility activity scale suitable for the situation of tourism and hotel companies by applying ISO26000. This will raise awareness of the importance of social responsibility activities in the tourism industry environment, and will help tourism companies to develop a positive awareness of social responsibility activities and to prepare effective implementation strategies.