• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.703-713
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• 2024

Video bit-rate control techniques are essential for efficiently transmitting videos over communication networks. These techniques have been pivotal in broadcasting and internet streaming services, and they could significantly enhance defense capabilities if applied to defense and aerospace imaging systems. Therefore, this paper first reviews the history and standard technologies of video coding, then describes the standard trends of the latest video coding technologies. Finally, it outlines the features of the latest video bit-rate control techniques and discusses their applicability in the defense and aerospace fields.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.185-194
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• 2016

In this paper, a novel rate control scheme for low delay video coding of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is proposed. The proposed scheme is developed by considering a new temporal prediction structure of HEVC. In the proposed scheme, the relationship between bit rate and quantization step is exploited firstly to formulate an accurate quadratic rate-quantization (R-Q) model. Secondly, a method of determining the quantization parameters (QPs) for the first frames within a group of pictures is proposed. Thirdly, an accurate frame-level bit allocation method is proposed for HEVC. Finally, based on the proposed R-Q model and the target bit allocated for the frame, the QPs are predicted for coding tree units by using rate-distortion (R-D) optimization. We compare our scheme against that of three other state-of-the-art rate control schemes. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control scheme can increase the Bjøntegaard delta peak signal-to-noise ratio by 0.65 dB and 0.09 dB on average compared with the JCTVC-I0094 and JCTVC-M0036 schemes, respectively, both of which have been implemented in an HEVC test model encoder; furthermore, the proposed scheme achieves a similar R-D performance to Wang's scheme, as well as obtaining the smallest bit rate mismatch error of all the schemes.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2007

A real-time frame-layer rate control algorithm with a token bucket traffic shaper is proposed for distortion variation minimization. The proposed rate control method uses a non-iterative optimization method for low computational complexity, and performs bit allocation at the frame level to minimize the average distortion over an entire sequence as well as variations in distortion between frames. The proposed algorithm does not produce time delay from encoding, and is suitable for real-time low-complexity video encoder. Experimental results indicate that the proposed control method provides better visual and PSNR performances than the existing rate control method.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.591-596
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• 1999

In this paper, we present a joint quality control system to be able to accurately control the relative picture quality among the video programs in terms of PSNR. The joint quality control system allows variable bit rate (VBR) for each video program to maintain the pre-determined relative picture quality among the aggregated video programs while keeping a constant sum of the bit rates for all programs to be transmitted over a single constant bit rate (CBR) channel. This is achieved by simultaneous controlling the video encoders to generate VBR video streams at the central controller. Furthermore we also suggest buffer regulation method based on the analysis of the constraints imposed by sender/receiver buffer sizes and total transmission rate. Through various simulation results, it is found that our quality control systems guarantee that the video buffers do not overflow and underflow and the quality control errors do not exceed 0.1 ㏈.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5A
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• pp.726-742
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• 2000

A novel rte control algorithm consisting of two major components, i.e. a variable encoding frame rate method and a hybrid DCT/wavelet I-frame coding scheme, is proposed in this work for low bit rate video coding. Most existing rate control algorithms for low bit rate video focus on bit allocation at the macroblock level under a constant frame rate assumption. The proposed rate control algorithm is able to adjust the encoding frame rate at the expense of tolerable time-delay. Furthermore, an R-D optimized hybrid DCT/wavelet scheme is used for effective I-frame coding. The new rate-control algorithm attempts to achieve a good balance between spatial quality and temporal quality to enhance the overall human perceptual quality at low bit rates. It is demonstrated that the rate control algorithm achieves higher coding efficiency at low bit rates with a low additional computational cost. The variable frame rate method and hybrid I-frame coding scheme are compatible with the bi stream structure of H.263+.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06d
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• pp.25-28
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• 2002

This paper presents variable bit rate(VBR) rate control scheme based on MPEG-4 VM8 rate control scheme. An initial Q searching method provides more accurate bit allocation for the first frame. A frame skipping and RD Model update scheme when coded frame quality is too low or high prevents image quality fluctuation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1877-1891
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• 2016

In video coding, the goal of rate control (RC) is not only to avoid the undesirable fluctuation in bit allocation, but also to provide a good visual perception. In this paper, a novel frame-level rate control algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is proposed. Firstly a model that reveals the relationship between bit per pixel (bpp), the bitrate of the intra frame and the bitrate of the subsequent inter frames in a group of pictures (GOP) is established, based on which the target bitrate of the first intra frame is well estimated. Then a novel frame-level bit allocation algorithm is developed, which provides a robust bit balancing scheme between the intra frame and the inter frames in a GOP to achieve the visual quality smoothness throughout the whole sequence. Our experimental results show that when compared to the RC scheme for HEVC encoder HM-16.0, the proposed algorithm can produce reconstructed frames with more consistent objective video quality. In addition, the objective visual quality of the reconstructed frames can be improved with less bitrate.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.1814-1829
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• 2011

In this paper, we present a model-based video bit rate estimation scheme for reducing the bit rate while maintaining a given target quality in many video streaming services limited by network bandwidth, such as IPTV services. Each item of video content can be stored on a video streaming server and delivered with the estimated bit rate using the proposed scheme, which consists of the following two steps: 1) In the first step, the complexity of each intra-frame in a given item of video content is computed as a frame feature to extract a group of candidate frames with a lot of bits. 2) In the second step, the bit rate of the video content is determined by applying statistical analysis and hypothesis testing to that group. The experimental results show that our scheme can reduce the bit rate by up to 78% with negligible degradation of subjective quality, especially with the low-complexity videos commonly used in IPTV services.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 1999

Recent studies on the Constant Bit Rate and Variable Bit Rate transmissions have mainly focused on the frame by frame encoder rate control based on the quantization parameter. With the existing approaches it is difficult to guarantee a consistent video quality. Also, the rate control overhead is too high for the real-time video sources. In this paper, a channel rate allocation scheme based on the control period is proposed to transmit a real-time video, in which the control period is defined by a pre-specified number of frames or group of pictures. At each control period, video traffic information is collected to determine the channel rate at the next control period. The channel rate is allocated to satisfy various channel rate constraints such that the buffer occupancy at the decoder is maintained at a target level. If the allocated channel rate approaches the level at which the negotiated traffic descriptions may be violated, the encoder rate is decreased through adjusting quantization parameters in the MPEG encoder. In the experimental results, the video quality and the overflow and underflow probabilities at the buffer are compared at different control periods. Experiments show that the video quality and the utilization of network bandwidth resources can be optimized through the suitable selection of the control period.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.513-520
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a novel real-time frame-layer rate control algorithm using sliding window method for low bit rate video coding. The proposed rate control method performs bit allocation at the frame level to minimize the average distortion over an entire sequence as well as variations in distortion between frames. A new frame-layer rate-distortion model is derived, and a non-iterative optimization method is used for low computational complexity. In order to reduce the quality fluctuation, we use a sliding window scheme which does not require the pre-analysis process. Therefore, the proposed algorithm does not produce time delay from encoding, and is suitable for real-time low-complexity video encoder. Experimental results indicate that the proposed control method provides better visual and PSNR performance than the existing TMN8 rate control method.