• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.4561-4569
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• 2023

A correct understanding of vibration-based degradation is crucial from the standpoint of maintenance for Steam Generators (SG) as crucial mechanical equipment in nuclear power plants. This study has established a novel approach to developing a model for investigating tube bundle degradation according to crack growth caused by two-phase Flow-Induced Vibration (FIV). An important step in the approach is to calculate the two-phase flow field parameters between the SG tube bundles in various zones using the porous media model to determine the velocity and vapor volume fraction. Afterward, to determine the vibration properties of the tube bundles, the Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI) analysis is performed in eighteen thermal-hydraulic zones. Tube bundle degradation based on crack growth using the sixteen most probable initial cracks and within each SG thermal-hydraulic zone is performed to calculate useful lifetime. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model, Paris law, and Wiener process model are considered to model the turbulent crossflow around the tube bundles, simulation of elliptical crack growth due to the vibration characteristics, and estimation of SG tube bundles degradation, respectively. The analysis shows that the tube deforms most noticeably in the zone with the highest velocity. As a result, cracks propagate more quickly in the tube with a higher height. In all simulations based on different initial crack sizes, it was observed that zone 16 experiences the greatest deformation and, subsequently, the fastest degradation, with a velocity and vapor volume fraction of 0.5 m/s and 0.4, respectively.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.442-453
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• 2016

A significant source of vibration in helicopters is the main rotor system, and it is a technical challenge to reduce the vibration in order to ensure the comfort of crew and passengers. Several types of passive devices have been applied to conventional helicopters in order to reduce the vibration. In recent years, helicopter manufacturers have increasingly adopted active vibration control systems (AVCSs) due to their superior performance with lower weight compared with passive devices. AVCSs can also maintain their performance over aircraft configuration and flight condition changes. As part of the development of AVCS software for light civil helicopter (LCH) applications, a test bench is constructed and vibration control tests and simulations are performed in this study. The test bench, which represents the airframe, is excited using a pair of counter rotating force generators (CRFGs) and a multiple input single output (MISO) AVCS that consists of three accelerometer sensors and a pair of CRFGs; a filtered-x least mean square (LMS) algorithm is applied for the vibration reduction. First, the vibration control tests are performed with uniform sensor weights; then, the change in the control performance according to changes in the sensor weight is investigated and compared with the simulation results. It is found that the vibration control performance can be tuned through adjusting the weights of the three sensors, even if only one actuator is used.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.94-106
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• 1986

Since the oil shock of '70s the engine makers have developed new types of diesel engine with low fuel consumption. There is an obvious tendency towards the use of poorer quality fuels, such as the residual oil from chemical processes of refinery. The shaft driving generators is also widely adopted on behalf of the auxiliary diesel engines, which are driving on the expensive diesel oil and have high fuel oil consumption rates, and some mania propulsion diesel engines are equipped with reduction gear systems to get better propulsive efficiency by slower propeller revolutions. The propulsion shafting system equipped with the shaft driving generator or the geared diesel engine shafting system has flexible couplings, and it requires extensive investigations of the torsional vibration and torque fluctuation in order to ensure the acceptable operation range in service. The characteristics of misfiring must be especially examined for the high viscosity fuels to be used. Both torsional vibration and fluctuating torque resulted from misfiring, should be examined for thier effects on the flexible coupling and propulsion shafting system. This paper is to investigate and solve the above mentioned problems which must be predicted on the design-stage of marine propulsion shafting system. A computer program is developed to calculate the indicated diagram, fluctating torque and torsional vibration for both normal and misfiring conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.1156-1161
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• 2001

A significant trial has been performed for estimation of noise level of a cross flow fan for air conditioning system. In general, measurements of noise level of machinery require rigorous equipment involving an anechoic chamber with precision gauges. The apparatus is expensive to utilize and is not easy to construct. In this work, we adopt static pressure sensing from an ordinary pressure transducer for prediction of noise level of a rotating fan. The present procedure is finding sound pressure from the static pressure by manipulating Light-Curle equation depicts noisy energy in terms of pressure on surfaces of noise generators. Sound power level near core unit of the fan is evaluated with the present methodology in a normal laboratory room without any sound absorbers. The method is easy and shows good prediction results compared with precise measurements by using microphones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.696-699
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• 2003

In the semiconductor and the optical industry a new transport system which can replace the conventional sliding system is required. There systems are driven by magnetic field and conveyer belt. The magnetic field damages semiconductor and contact force scratches the optical lens. The ultrasonic wave driven system can solve these problem. In this paper, the object transport system using the excitation of ultrasonic wave is proposed. The experiments for finding the optimal excitation frequency, finding phase-difference between two ultrasonic wave generators are performed. The relationship of transporting speed according to the change of flexural beam shape is verified and the system performance for practical use is evaluated.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

Most countries in the world are trying to reduce the use of fossil fuels in the production of electricity and replace them with renewable energy technologies. In Korea, there are abundant ocean renewable energy sources that will play an important role in power generation in the future. This paper introduces a new tidal energy converter utilizing flow induced vibration (FIV), which can work efficiently, even in the currents slower than 1.0m/s. All tests were conducted at the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory at the University of Michigan to examine the effects of the damping ratio of the electric generators on the power outputs and power efficiencies. In these tests, two identical circular cylinders were used, and passive turbulence controllers were applied to the surface of the cylinders to enhance the FIV. The experimental results showed that by using the two cylinders in the FIV, the power output and efficiency reached up to 31 W and 36%, respectively. In particular, the results showed that the power efficiency was higher at the relatively low flow speed (4

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.755-760
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• 2016

The demand for independent generators using renewable energy has been increasing. Among those independent generators, small wind turbine generators have been actively developed. Permanent magnets are generally used for small wind turbine generators to realize a simple structure and small volume. On the other hand, cogging torque is included due to the structure of the permanent magnet synchronous machine, which can be the source of noise and vibration. The cogging torque can be varied by the shape of the permanent magnet and core, and it can be reduced using the appropriate design techniques. This paper proposes a design technique that can reduce the cogging torque by changing the shape of the permanent magnets for SPMSM (Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor), which is used widely for small wind turbine generators. Evolution Strategy, which is one of non-deterministic optimization techniques, was adopted to find the optimal shape of the permanent magnets that can reduce the cogging torque. The angle and outer diameter of permanent magnet were set as the design variable. A 300W class wind turbine generator, whose pole/slot combination was 8 poles/18 slots, was designed with the proposed design technique. The properties of the generator, including the cogging torque and output voltage, were calculated. The calculation results showed that the cogging torque of the optimized model was reduced compared to that of the initial model. The design technique proposed by this paper can be an effective measure to reduce the cogging torque.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.261-261
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• 2007

Wearable and ubiquitous micro systems will be greatly growing and their related devices should be self-powered in order to avoid the replacement of finite power sources, for example, by scavenging energy from the environment. With ever reducing power requirements of both analog and digital circuits, power scavenging approaches are becoming increasingly realistic. One approach is to drive an electromechanical converter from ambient motion or vibration. Vibration-driven generators based on electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric technologies have been demonstrated. Among various generator types proposed so far, piezoelectric generator possesses considerable potential in micro system. To overcome low mechanical-to- electric energy conversion, the piezoelectric device should activate in resonance mode in response to external vibration. Normally, the external vibration excretes at low frequency ranging 0.1 to 200 Hz, whereas the resonant frequencies of the devices are fixed as constant. Therefore, keeping their resonant mode in varying external vibration can be one of important points in enhancing the conversion efficiency. We investigated the possibility of use of multi-bender type piezoelectric devices. To match the external vibration frequency with the device resonant frequency, the various devices with different resonant frequency were chosen. Under an external vibration acceleration of 0.1G at 120 Hz, the device exhibited a peak-to-peak voltage of 2.8 V and a power of 0.5 mw in resonance mode.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.416-421
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• 2011

Nowadays, the increasing demands upon mobile devices such as wireless sensor networks and the recent advent of low power electrical devices such as MEMS make such renewable power sources attractive. A vibration-driven MEMS lead zirconate titanate $Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3$ (PZT) cantilever device is developed for energy harvesting application. This paper presents a piezoelectric based energy harvester which is suitable for power generating from conventional vibration and has in providing energy for low power electron ic devices. The PZT cantilever is used d33 mode to get the electrical power. The PZT cantilever based energy harvester with the dimension of 7 mm${\times}$3 mm${\times}$0.03 mm is fabricated using micromachining technologies. This PZT cantilever has the mechanical resonance frequency with a 900 Hz. With these conditions, we get experimentally the 37 uW output power from this device with the application of 1g acceleration using the 900 Hz vibration. From this study, we show the feasibility of one of energy harvesting candidates using PZT based structure. This PZT energy harvester could be used for various applications such a batteryless micro sensors and micro power generators.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

In industry, various rotating machinery such as pumps, gas turbines, compressors, electric motors, generators are being used as an important facility. Due to the industrial development, they make high performance(high-speed, high-pressure). As a result, we need more intelligent and reliable machine condition diagnosis techniques. Diagnosis technique using hidden Markov-model is proposed for an accurate and predictable condition diagnosis of various rotating machines and also has overcame the speed limitation of time/frequency method by using compensation of the rotational speed of rotor. In addition, existing artificial intelligence method needs defect state data for fault detection. hidden Markov model can overcome this limitation by using normal state data alone to detect fault of rotational machinery. Vibration analysis of step-up gearbox for wind turbine was applied to the study to ensure the robustness of diagnostic performance about compensation of the rotational speed. To assure the performance of normal state alone method, hidden Markov model was applied to experimental torque measuring gearbox in this study.