• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.668-674
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analysis of the effect of proprioceptor training and vestibular organ training for balance ability. The subjects was consist of two different subjects group, proprioceptor training group and vestibular organ training group. Proprioceptor training group consisted of 10 subjects and vestibular organ training group consisted of 10 subjects. Training was performed 3 times per week, 30 minutes per day, for 3 weeks. Balance ability analysis was performed using Romberg's one leg standing test and BT4 when opened eyes and closed eyes. The analysis results were as follows. There was no significant differences in balance after the training in both groups when they opened their eyes(p<.05). But there was significant differences in balance after the training in both groups when they closed their eyes(p<.05). And there was no significant difference in balance after the training between the proprioceptor training group and the vestibular organ training group when they closed their eyes(p<.05). Given the above results, proprioceptor training and vestibular organ training enhanced balance but there was no significant difference between the two methods.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.71-76
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• 2011

Purpose: We investigated a better method to enhance the vestibular system including balancing by comparing the vestibular stimulation exercise (VSE) and galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). Methods: The study was performed with 40 subjects randomized into four groups, including a control group, a VSE group, a GVS group, and a VSE with GVS group. The subjects of VSE performed a forward and backward roll, a right side and left side roll, and an equilibrium board in vestibular stimulation training. GVS was applied for 10 minutes and the cathode and anode side were then changed and GVS was then applied for the remaining 10 minutes. GVS was applied for 20 minutes to the subjects of this group after completion of the VSE program. Results: In the control group, all conditions were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the VSE with GVS group. Also, the center of pressure (CoP) surface was more significantly decreased (p<0.01) and the CoP speed was significantly decreased in the one legged stance (p<0.05) in the control group compared to the GVS group. Conclusion: These findings suggested that GVS training increases balance ability in a narrow width. VSE with GVS training is therefore recommend as the superior method. Using GVS or VSE with GVS training is considered to clinically improve balance ability by stimulating the vestibular system.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect on the static balance ability according to vestibular training using ball. Methods : Twenty normal subjects participated and were randomly assigned to either a vestibular training group using ball or a control group. The vestibular training using a ball group exercised 3 times per week over 3 weeks. The static balance was assessed by the center of pressure to the stance position. The participants stood barefoot on a force platform in a normal stance and a one-legged stance with a visual close. Results : In the normal stance, there were no significant differences at CoP surface and CoP speed. However, in a one-legged stance, there were significant differences in the vestibular training group between before and after the program. There was also a significant difference between the vestibular training group and the control group. Conclusion : Vestibular training using ball can be implemented as a therapeutic intervention to improve static balance ability in health adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of a vestibular stimulation training program on the walking ability of chronic stroke patients over a six month period. METHODS: Forty stroke patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided randomly into a control group (n=20) and experimental group (n=20). A general exercise program was applied to Group I and vestibular stimulation training was applied to Group II(30 min, three times a week for six weeks). The changes in straight walking ability, curved walking ability, and functional walking ability were measured using a 10 m walking test figure-of-eight-walking test, and dynamic gait index, respectively. The measures before and after the program were compared using a paired t-test for a comparison of each group and an independent t-test for a comparison between groups. RESULTS: The changes in each group were examined according to the measurement period. The Experimental group showed significant functional improvement in all three tests after the vestibular stimulation training program, but the control group did not show significant improvement in any of the tests after the general exercise program. A comparison of the changes between groups revealed the experimental group to show significantly higher improvement than the control group in all tests. CONCLUSION: The vestibular stimulation training program helps improve the gait function of stroke patients. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that various vestibular stimulation training programs will be developed and applied in a range of places.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.288-296
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine whether mechanical horseback-riding training depending on velocity can improve vestibular function and static postural balance on standing in healthy adults. Methods: For evaluation of vestibular function, electrooculography (EOG) of vertical and horizontal was performed for identification of the motion of eyes. For evaluation of static postural balance, COP distance, time spent on the sharpened Romberg test with neck extension (SRNE) were measured. Measurements were performed three times before training, three weeks after training, and six weeks after training. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: fast velocity-mechanical horse -riding training (FV-MHRT, n=12), moderate velocity-mechanical horse-riding training (MV-MHRT, n=12), and slow velocity-mechanical horse-riding training (SV-MHRT, n=12). Results: According to the result for vertical, horizontal EOG, there was significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time (p<0.05). The FV-MHRT group showed a significant decrease compared with the MV- MHRT, SV-MHRT groups (p<0.05). According to the result for static postural balance, the time spent, COP distance in SRNE showed significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time (p<0.05). The time spent on the SRNE showed a significant increas in FV-MHRT, SV-MHRT (p<0.05). The COP distance of SRNE showed a significant increase in MV-MHRT (p<0.05). Conclusion: The MHRT velocity activated mechanism of vestibular spinal reflex (VSR), vestibular ocular reflex (VOR), also helped to strengthen vestibular function and static postural balance. In addition, it should be applied to different velocity of MHRT according to the specific purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was conducted to examine the effects of unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation on balance and proprioception. Methods : 4-week training was applied to 40 normal adults in their twenties (unstable surface training group 10, galvanic vestibular stimulation group 10, unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation group 10, control group 10). Balance and proprioception was measured before the experiment, after two weeks, and after four weeks. Repeated ANOVA was used for balance and proprioception analysis. Results : As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in double support, a significant difference was found in open sight in interaction among groups and periods (p<0.05). As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in double support, there was a significant difference in closed sight and interaction among groups and periods (p<0.05). As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in proprioception, there was no statistically significant difference in interaction among groups and periods. Conclusion : In conclusion, both unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation had positive effect on balance control and proprioception improvement, and their excellence was not greatly different. Thus, it is possible to use unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation for physical therapy intervention to improve balance and proprioception. Since the results showed that simultaneous application of two methods had greater effects on difference compared with a single application, it is suggested to use this intervention in the clinical field.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.365-371
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of training in vestibular sensory stimulation on balance and gait of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=10) or the control group (n=10). Patients in the experimental group received rotational stimulation training, vertical-horizontal stimulation training, gait training on a flat surface with vestibular sensory stimulation, and gait training on soft ground with vestibular sensory stimulation. Patients in the control group received general treadmill gait training. The intervention was applied four times per week, 25 minutes each time, for a period of four weeks. We measured Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Biodex Balance System, Timed up to Go (TUG) test and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) to evaluate balance and gait ability. Results: BBS differed significantly in both groups between before and after the intervention (p<0.05) and changes in BBS after the intervention differed between the two groups (p<0.05). According to the Biodex Balance System test result, only the experimental group showed significant changes in balance in the conditions of static eyes open (SEC), dynamic eyes open (DEO), and dynamic eyes closed (DEC) (p<0.05). TUG test results differed significantly between prior to and after the training in both the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05) and changes in TUG after the intervention differed significantly between the two groups (p<0.05). DGI results showed significant change after the intervention in the experimental group only (P<0.05). Conclusion: Training in vestibular sensory stimulation was effective in improving static-dynamic balance and gait ability of stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HMD (head mounted display)-based virtual reality balance training on static balance in young adults, and whether appropriate balance training can help healthy adults to improve balance ability in daily living. Methods: The study subjects were 14 healthy adults. Subjects received 20 minutes of HMD-based virtual reality balance training 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Static balance was measured before, during, and after training and after one month. Static balance was measured in a total of 8 conditions, and the results were classified as visual (F1), somatosensory (F5-6), vestibular (F2-4), and central nervous system (F7-8). Results: The test results showed no significant difference in pre-training, post-training, and follow-up results under all conditions at Fourier index F1, F5-6, and F7-8 frequencies. For the F2-4 frequency, there was a significant difference before and after training under NC (neutral head position, eyes closed, firm surface) and PC (neutral head position, eyes closed, elastic surface) conditions. The NC condition returned a significant decrease of F2-4 frequency in post-training testing as compared to pre-training, and the PC condition showed a significant decrease of F2-4 frequency between the pre-training and mid-training tests, and between the pre-training and post-training tests. Conclusion: These results indicate that HMD-based balance training can improve balance ability, even in normal adults, and seems especially effective for vestibular function training.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.597-604
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of vestibular stimulation training on the static and dynamic balance of patients with chronic stroke. This study was conducted from July 15th to September 6th, 2014 and 20 subjects diagnosed with stroke participated in this study. The subjects were divided randomly into Group I (general therapeutic exercise, n=10) and Group II (vestibular stimulation training, n=10). Both groups were trained for 40 minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. The balance ability, static balance and dynamic balance, were evaluated using a Good Balance System and compared before-and-after intervention. In the vestibular training group, there were statistically significant differences in the left-right and anterior-posterior balance with the eyes closed and standing posture, in the left-right and anterior-posterior balance with the eyes open and standing posture, and moving time and distance. In the general therapeutic exercise group, there was no significant difference except in the left-right balance with the eyes open and standing posture. In conclusion, vestibular stimulation training had positive effects on the static and dynamic balance of chronic stroke patients, and this training can be effective in a treatment program to improve the balance ability of stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of a horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation on improving the ability to balance posture and proprioception. Thirty healthy adults participated and were randomly assigned to a horse riding simulator group ($n_1$=10), galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) group ($n_2$=10), control group ($n_3$=10). Experiment groups were trained 3 times per week over 6 weeks. The ability to balance posture was measured by force plate and proprioception was measured by Joint position sense. The following results were obtained. the changes of balance index were significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time in 0, 3 and 6 weeks (p<.05). All groups showed the most decreasing pattern compared with the control group. But was not statistically significant. Proprioception was significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time (p<.05). All groups showed the most decreasing pattern compared with the control group. The above results indicated that the 6 weeks horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation training demonstrated positive effects in the ability to balance posture and proprioception. These results suggest that the horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation training could be therapeutic intervention that can improve balance and postural control.