• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2016

Commercial buildings are generally cooling-dominated and therefore reject more heat to a vertical ground heat exchanger(GHE) than they extract over the annual cycle. Shallow ponds can provide a cost-effective means to balance the thermal loads to the ground and to reduce the length of GHE. The objective of this work has been to develop a design tool for surface water heat exchanger(SWHE) submerged in shallow pond. This paper presents the analysis results of the impact of design parameters on the length of SWHE and its application effect on geothermal heat pump(GHP) system using vertical GHE. In order to analysis, We applied ${\epsilon}-NTU$ method on designing the length of SWHE. Analysis results show that the required pipe length of SWHE was decreased with the increase of approach temperature difference and with the decrease of pipe wall thickness. In addition, when the SWHE was applied to the GHP system, the temperature of vertical GHE was more stable than that of standalone GHE system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.1638-1646
• /
• 2008

This paper presents a series of numerical simulations on the thermal performance and sectional efficiency of a closed-loop vertical ground heat exchanger (U-loop) equipped in a geothermal heat pump system (GHP). A 2-D finite element analysis, ANSYS, was employed to evaluate the temperature distribution on the borehole cross section involving HDPE pipe/grout/soil formation to compare the sectional efficiency between the conventional U-loop and a new latticed HDPE pipe system which is equipped with a thermally insulating latice in order to reduce thermal interference between the inflow and outflow pipes. In addition, a 3-D finite volume analysis (Fluent) was used to simulate the operating process of the closed-loop vertical ground heat exchanger by considering the effect of grout's thermal properties, rate of circulation pump, distance between the inflow and outflow pipes, and the effectiveness of the latticed HDPE pipe system. It was observed that the thermal interference between the two strands of U-loop is of importance in determining the efficiency of the ground heat exchanger, and thus it is highly recommendable to modify the cross section configuration of the conventional U-loop system by including a thermally insulating latice between the two strands.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.316-326
• /
• 2017

Commercial buildings and institutions are predominantly cooled, thereby dissipating excess heat to a vertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE), than heat extracted over an annual cycle. Surface waters, such as lakes and ponds, provide a cost-effective means of reducing the VGHE length, and in balancing the thermal loads to the ground. This paper presents the measurement and analysis of the cooling performance of ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) system, using surface water heat exchanger (SWHE) submerged in an artificial pond. In order to measure the performance of the system, we installed monitoring equipment, including sensors, for assessing the temperature and power consumption, after which the operation parameters were determined. The results from the thermal performance test for the SWHE indicate that the temperatures at the outlet of the SWHE and within the pond were affected by outdoor air temperature. In addition, the results reveal similar variation trends on temperatures; however, the peak temperatures of the SWHE were somewhat greater than those of outdoor air, due to the thermal capacity of the pond. Analyzing the cooling performance over the measurement period, the average coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump was found to be 5.71, while that for the entire system was 2.99.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.1341-1346
• /
• 2008

This paper presents the heating performance of a water-to-refrigerant type ground source heat pump system (GSHP) installed in a school building. The evaluation of the heating performance has been conducted under the actual operating conditions of GSHP system in the winter. Ten units with the capacity of 10 HP each were installed in the building. Also, a closed vertical typed-ground heat exchanger with 24 boreholes of 175 m in depth was constructed for the GSHP system. For analyzing the heating performance of the GSHP system, we monitored various operating conditions, including the outdoor temperature, the ground temperature, and the water temperature of inlet and outlet of the ground heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the heating capacity and the input power were evaluated for determining the heating performance of the GSHP system. The average heating coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump was found to be 5.1 at partial load of 46.9%, while the overall system COP was found to be 4.2.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.788-793
• /
• 2008

This paper presents the heating performance of a water-to-refrigerant type ground source heat pump system (GSHP) installed in a school building. The evaluation of the heating performance has been conducted under the actual operating conditions of GSHP system in the winter. Ten units with the capacity of 10 HP each were installed in the building. Also, a closed vertical typed-ground heat exchanger with 24 boreholes of 175 m in depth was constructed for the GSHP system. For analyzing the heating performance of the GSHP system, we monitored various operating conditions, including the outdoor temperature, the ground temperature, and the water temperature of inlet and outlet of the ground heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the heating capacity and the input power were evaluated for determining the heating performance of the GSHP system. The average heating coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump was found to be 5.1 at partial load of 46.9%, while the overall system COP was found to be 4.2.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2020

Ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) systems have become an efficient alternative to conventional cooling and heating methods due to their higher energy using efficiency. Although some experimental and simulation works related to performance analysis of GCHP systems for commercial buildings have been done, relatively little has been reported on the performance evaluation of GCHP systems for school buildings. The purpose of this simulation study is to evaluate the performance of a hypothetical GCHP system for a school building in Seoul. We collected various data of building specifications and construction materials for the building and then modeled to calculate hourly building loads with SketchuUp and TRNSYS V17. In addition, we used GLD (Ground Loop Design) V2016, a GCHP system design and simulation software, to design the GCHP system for the building and to simulate temperature of circulating water in ground heat exchanger. The variation of entering source temperature (EST) into the system was calculated with different prediction time and then each result was compared. For 20 years of prediction time, EST for baseline design (Case A) based on the hourly simulation results were outranged from the design criteria.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2015

In this research, effects of profile changes of stem section of the plunger on the lubrication characteristics of a fuel injection pump (FIP) were evaluated by hydrodynamic lubrication analysis. The clearance between plunger and barrel was divided into two regions, head and stem. The head was not involved in preventing a decrease of fuel oil pressure. So, research efforts were focused on both edges of the plunger’s stem. The two -dimensional Reynolds equation was used to evaluate lubrication characteristics with variations in viscosity, clearance and profile for a laminar, incompressible, unsteady-state flow. Moreover, the equilibrium equation of moment and forces in the vertical and horizontal directions were used to determine the motion of the plunger. The equations were discretized using the finite difference method. Lubrication characteristics of the FIP were investigated by comparing the dimensionless minimum film thickness, or film parameter, which is the ratio of minimum film thickness to surface roughness. Through numerical analyses, we showed that the profile of the lower edge of the stem had no effect on lubrication characteristics, but the profile of the upper edge had a significant influence on lubrication characteristics. In addition, changes in the profile were more effective in improving lubrication characteristics under low viscosity conditions.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2018

Ground source heat pump(GSHP) system is one of the high efficiency heat source systems which utilizes the constant geothermal energy of a underground water or soil. However, the design of conventional GSHP system in the domestic market is dependent on the experience of the designer and the installer, and it causes increase of initial installation cost or degradation of system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a guideline and the optimal design method to maintain stable performance of the system and reduce installation cost. In this study, in order to optimize the GSHP system, design factors according to ground heat exchanger(GHX) type have been examine by simulation tool. Furthermore, the design factors and the correlation of a single U-tube and a double U-tube were analyzed quantitatively through sensitivity analysis. Results indicated that, the length of the ground heat exchanger was greatly influenced by grout thermal conductivity for single U-tube and pipe spacing for double U-tube.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2007.05b
• /
• pp.3401-3406
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to acquire the reliable in-situ thermal conductivity of closed type ground heat exchanger used in ground source heat pump. We selected four sites(Cheonan, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju) which are central area of South Korea. Test results show that the effective thermal conductivities are 2.33 W/m$^{\circ}C$, 2.50 W/m$^{\circ}C$, 2.75 W/m$^{\circ}C$ and 2.86 W/m$^{\circ}C$. From this data, we can see that thermal conductivity varies about the range of 23% with the sites. Also, thermal conductivity increases up to 20% by changing grouting material from low salica sand to high one.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2007.05b
• /
• pp.3371-3376
• /
• 2007

The design of a ground-source heat pump system includes specifications for a ground loop heat exchanger where the heat transfer rate depends on the thermal conductivity of the ground. To evaluate this heat transfer property, in-situ thermal response tests on four vertical test boreholes with different grouting materials were conducted by adding a monitored amount of heat to water over various test lengths. By measuring the water temperatures entering and exiting the loop, water flow rate, and heat load, effective thermal conductivity values of the ground were determined. The effect of increasing thermal conductivity of grouting materials from 0.82 to 1.05 W/m$^{\circ}C$ resulted in overall increases in effective ground thermal conductivity by 25.8% to 69.5%.