• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

Occurence, seasonal changes and vertical distribution of the silica-scaled chrysophytes in a small fish-free pond were studied using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM) from October 1998 to July 1999. The phytoplankton community was characterized by Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta. Ten species of the silica-scaled chrysophytes of genera Mallomonas, Synura, Chrysosphaerella and Spiniferomonas were identified by EM, and the most abundant species were Mallomonas akrokomos and M. portae-ferreae. The maximum population density of M. akrokomos was observed in December and several peaks appeared periodically at about one to two month intervals, whereas M. portae-ferreae developed the maximum density in March. The diurnal vertical distribution of M. akrokomos exhibited clear downward migration at night and slightly upward migration in the morning. A complex interaction among physico-chemical and biological factors seemed to affect the vertical distribution of M. akrokomos. However, the seasonal changes of M. akrokomos did not show significant corre1ations with the physico-chemical and some biologica1 factors. Although M. akrokomos was evenly distributed throughout the water column during some experimental periods, the diurnal patterns found in the two diurnal cycles showed consistency in that it clearly avoided the surface water during the day. This suggested that M. akrokomos may be a shade plankton with maximum densities below surface layer.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week velocity-based training on the maximum vertical jump in elite sprinters. Method: Ten elite sprinters were participated in this study (age: 21 ± 0.97 yrs., height: 179 ± 3.54 cm, body mass: 72 ± 2.98 kg). An 8-week velocity-based power training was provided to all subjects for twice per week. Their maximum vertical jumps were measured before and after velocity-based training. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 4 channels of EMG was performed in this study. A paired t-test was used for statistical verification. The significant level was set at α=.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences were found between pre and post the training (p>.05). However, most variables included jump record, knee joint ROM, and muscle activation of rectus femoris showed increased pattern after the training. Conclusion: In this study, an 8-week velocity-based training did not showed the significant training effects. However, knee joint movement which is the key role of the vertical jump revealed positive kinematic and kinetic pattern after the training. From this founding, it is believed that velocity-based training seems positively affect the vertical jump which is the clear measurement of mechanical power of sprinter. In addition, to get more clear evidence of the training more training period would be needed.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.155-181
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• 2012

본 연구는 지역사회복지계획의 논리구성의 타당성과 질 강화를 위하여, 논리구성의 기본 틀과 타당성 점검기준을 설정하고, 이를 경주시지역사회복지계획에 실제로 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 논리구성의 타당성 점검기준은 계획서 전체적인 계층구조측면에서의 수직적 일관성, 부문계획간 연관성, 서술의 명확한 이해가능성으로 설정되었다. 둘째, 전반적으로 경주시지역사회복지계획은 논리구성의 타당성 기준을 충족하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 연구결과에 기반하여 계획서 질과 계획 환경 측면에서 계획가이드라인의 개선방안을 구체적으로 제시하였다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.33-36
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• 2009

Korea is the 3rd highest country in population density of the world,furthermore, 1/5 of Korean lives in Seoul with only 0.0% tiny area size. It explains the high-rise apartment has diffused so fast. Regardless of its height, almost all apartments have been planned in a very uniform way, ignoring the possibilities of vertical community and commercial culture. Since considerable number of residents have within building, ways to improve the community and commercial culture need to be explored. One major way to do is providing community space where residents are expected to use in a natural way. The purpose of this research is to identify preferred location of community space in each apartment building. Web guesting survey was used as main methodology. 83 data were collected during mid October, 2009. As results, lobby at the first floor was most favorably selected by super high-rise apartment residents due to convenience, accessibility.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.527-550
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• 2012

This study is aimed to compare individualism and collectivism propensity of married immigrant women in a Korean rural area. By result of comparison on nationality, the level of collectivism was higher than it of individualism in every country, but the level of collectivism among the countries was no significant difference. The level of individualism among the countries was difference significantly, and the level of individualism of Chinese is most high but it of Japanese is most low. By logistic regression analysis the probability to be involved in the group that level of individualism is high was heightened as respondent have no religion or their's satisfaction on rural life increase. The level of horizontal propensity was higher than it of vertical propensity both individualism and collectivism. But the result of comparison on nationality, difference between horizontal and vertical propensity was no significant. Besides of these results, practical implications were discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 1986

Phytoplankton community was investigated at the Paldang Dam Reservoir in the Mid-Han River by it's depth, in spring and summer known as the period of phytoplankton's blooming. It was only in summer that phytoplankton bloomed at the investigated area. 128 kinds of phytoplankton were identified and of them, diatoms were abundunt in spring but cyanophyta and chlorophyta were in summer. Because some species with high pollution index were observed in summer, it could be proved that the investigated area was polluted especially in summer. In spring shown the circulation period by vertical distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a and isothermal distribution pattern of water temperature, maximum value of phytoplankton standing crops appeared at the upper layer, except for surface layer. In summer shown the circulation period after the stagnation period by vertical distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a and immediate destruction after stratification of water temperature, maximum value of phytoplankton standing crops appeared at the lower layer. the layer at which the maximum value of chlorophyll-a appeared also accorded with that of phytoplankton standing crops. So, it could be approved that there existed a close relationship among phytoplankton standing crops, chlorophyll-a, and water temperature.

• 대기
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.529-541
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• 2015

Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction System (KIAPS) has been developing a global numerial prediction model and data assimilation system. We has implemented LETKF (Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter, Hunt et al., 2007) data assimilation system to NCAR CAM-SE (National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model with Spectral Element dynamical core, Dennis et al., 2012) that has cubed-sphere grid, known as the same grid system of KIAPS Integrated Model (KIM) now developing. In this study, we have assimilated Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS-RO) bending angle measurements in addition to conventional data within ensemble-based data assimilation system. Before assimilating bending angle data, we performed a vertical unit conversion. The information of vertical localization for GPS-RO data is given by the unit of meter, but the vertical localization method in the LETKF system is based on pressure unit. Therefore, with a clever conversion of the vertical information, we have conducted experiments to search for the best vertical localization scale on GPS-RO data under the Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). As a result, we found the optimal setting of vertical localization for the GPS-RO bending angle data assimilation. We plan to apply the selected localization strategy to the LETKF system implemented to KIM which is expected to give better analysis of GPS-RO data assimilation due to much higher model top.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was to develop a critical pathway for COPD clients in home health care. Method: Review of literature. Analysis of 10 cases of home health records of COPD clients without other major chronic illness, and Contents validity test Results 1. Vertical axis(l4 activities) physical and mental assessment, family assessment. environment assessment, rights and duties of client, oxygen use and safety, education of disease process and symptom, medication, nutrition and elimination, tests, activities, respiratory exercise, sleeping pattern. consultations and discharge planning. 2. Horizontal axis was set by the number of visits(average number of visits is 6.4) and vertical axis was set with 14 activities and the contents which should have occurred, according to the time frames of the horizontal axis. 3. According to the contents validity test, among the total of 234 items, 176 items showed over 83% agreement and 58 items showed less than 83% agreement. Those items with less than 83% agreements were either deleted or revised. Conclusion this critical pathway is applicable to the home health care of COPD clients to provide quality home nursing care services at lower cost.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

A subtidal marine benthic algal vegetation at Ulleungdo Island, the eastern coast of Korea was investigated to clarify the community structure and vertical distribution by quadrat method at seven stations in May and August 2014. The total number of marine algal species was 148 species composed of the green algae of 12 species, the brown algae of 40 species and the red algae of 96 species. Mean biomass in dry weight was $94.8g\;dry\;weight\;m^{-2}$ in study sites, $98.1g\;dry\;weight\;m^{-2}$ in upper tidal level, and $86.6g\;dry\;weight\;m^{-2}$ in middle level. The R/P and (R+C)/P value reflecting flora characteristic were 1.9 and 2.3, respectively. Three groups produced by cluster analysis, one including sites Neunggeol, Daepung, Jukdo, second including sites Gongam, Ssangjeongcho and the other including sites Gwaneum, Hangnam, showed meaningful difference in similarity (about 40%), each other. The number of marine algal species and biomass in Ulleungdo Island area were markedly reduced comparing that in the previous studies. This result may suggest probably change of algal vegetation in future, considering the physical and chemical pollutions loaded in the coastal marine environment of this area.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.384-393
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• 2012

Saemangeum lake is an artificial lake created by reclamation works and an estuary embankment since 2006. The sea water flows into the lake by the operation of two sluice gates, and the freshwater enters into the lake by the upper streams. For the reflection of hydrology and hydrodynamics effects in Saemangeum area, a hydrodynamics model was developed by connecting Hydrological Simulation Program with Fortran (HSPF) and Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC). The HSPF was applied to simulate the freshwater discharge from the upper steam watershed, and the EFDC was performed to compute water flow, water temperature, and salinity based on time series from 2008 to 2009. The calibration and validation are performed to analyze horizontal and vertical gradients. The horizontal trend of model simulation results is reflected in the trend of observed data tolerably. The vertical trend is conducted an analysis of seasonal comparisons because of the limitation of vertically observed data. Water temperature reflects on the seasonal changes. Salinity has an effect on the near river input spots. The impact area of salinity is depending on the sea water distribution by gate operation, mainly.