• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2010

In Europe, traditionally the low-rised buildings for public art museum have been constructed since the 18th century like any other buildings and these are because of the technical issue for construction difficulty. Even if the low-rised art museum buildings are still continued for it's construction, gradually the high-rised art museum buildings begin to be build due to the development of contemporary technology in high-dense modern urban space. This tendency of high-rised art museum building in recent years is expected to affect on the interior space of it and most of all the spatial change in conjunction with circulation system variation is remarkable. Because the circulation system in art museum means tourist's spatial experience and it normally controls the experience of knowledge in art museum. This study is to understand how the multi-floored art museums in Europe affect to the spatial structure and how this is related to the circulation system. And also the study raised an issue on what it's social meaning is. Through these analysis the study can provide the meaning of multi-floored art museum and basic indication in art museum planning. To understand this, the study calculated the number of stories, number of vertical circulation and number of ring-structure space. Also the study tired to use space syntax tools, which are connectivity, integration value, integration value in major space, integration value in vertical circulation and intelligibility value. those tools alculated topological transfiguration of the whole space.Throughout the study, it was concluded that the influence of high-rised art museum in Europe changed the spatial structure and circulation system. The topological center of art museum that has been the grand space since 18th century changed to the vertical circulation due to the it's roll of distributing visitors to each floor. It became a starting point of spatial deployment and experience in art museum.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3426-3433
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• 2015

본 논문은 제한된 철도 수송능력 환경에서 여객과 화물을 동시에 수송하기 위한 복합화물열차의 화물 배치를 위한 방법 중, 라운드 컨베이어 시스템과 세로형 순환식 시스템. 가로형 순환식 시스템을 각각 P 택배사의 지역간 운송 화물량을 기준으로 부산에서 대구, 대전, 오송을 거쳐 서울에 도착함을 가정하여 각각 도착역별로 상하차 시간을 계산하였다. 그 결과 가로형 순환식 시스템은 화물 적재 가능량도 적었으며 상하차 시간도 434초로 가장 많이 소요되었고 세로형 순환식 시스템이 상차 시간이 다소 많이 소요되었지만, 총 소요시간에서는 408초로 가장 우수한 특성을 보였다. 각각 시스템별로 상하차 시간을 비교함으로 향후 복합화물열차 제작시에 유용한 방법을 제시하고 복합화물열차의 화물 운송 효율을 증진하고자 한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2011

In this study, an effort has been made to analyze the subcooled boiling heat transfer in a natural circulation vertical evaporator. To verify the analysis, a small-scale model was made and tested. The friction correlation by Ueda, void fraction and quality correlation by Saha and Zuber along with the superposition heat transfer model by Rohsenow yielded a satisfactory agreement with the model test data. The analysis was extended to simulate a 1 ton/day concentration system. Comparison with the test results of 1 ton/day prototype revealed that the data were overpredicted by 13%. The capacity of the prototype was 1.2 ton/day with COP of 5.77.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2010

In order to incorporate correctly the large or local scale circulation in an atmospheric model, a nudging term is introduced into the equation of motion. The MM5 model was used to assess the meteorological values differences in each case, during ozone episode days in Gwangyang bay. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of horizontal and vertical flow fields according to the surface and vertical observation data assimilation by upper wind conditions. Therefore, we carried out several numerical experiments with various parameterization methods for nudging coefficient considering the upper wind conditions (synoptic or asynoptic condition). Nudging considering the synoptic and asynoptic nudging coefficient does have a clear advantage over dynamic initialization, therefore appropriate limitation of these nudging coefficient values on its upper wind conditions is necessary before making an assessment. Obviously, under the weak synoptic wind, there was apparent advantage associated with nudging coefficient by the regional difference. The accuracy for the prediction of the meteorological values has been improved by applying the appropriate PBL (Planetary Boundary Layer) limitation of circulation.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1998

In order to investigate the fish behavior in the water tank, the three dimensional positioning system with two CCD cameras was designed. The positioning system was tested at the vertical circulation water channel with observational part of 1,500L$\times$1,500W$\times$500H mm and the circular water tank with 2,050ø sub(1)$\times$1,850ø sub(2)$\times$400H mm. The observational error of vertical direction was larger than that of horizontal direction, and the observational error became enlarged in all directions according to the increase of depth and distance from the visual axis. The maximum observational errors of horizontal and vertical directions at the circulation channel ranged from -1.7 cm to 1.8 cm (2.4%) and zero to 2.1 cm (4.2%), respectively. But the errors of horizontal and vertical directions at the circular tank ranged from -1.3 cm to 1.3 cm (1.3%) and zero to 1.3 cm (3.3%), respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.555-558
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• 1999

A sea/land breeze circulation system and a regional scale circulation system are formed at a region which has complex terrain around coastal area and affect to the dispersion and advection of air pollutants. Therefore, it is important that atmospheric circulation model should be well designed for the simulation of regional dispersion of air pollutants. For this, Local Circulation Model, LCM which has an ability of high resolution is used. To verify the propriety of a LCM, we compared the simulation result of LCM with an exact solution of a linear theory over a simple topography. Since they presented almost the same value and pattern of a vertical velocity at the level of 1 km, we had a reliance of a LCM. For the prediction of dispersion and advection of air pollutants, the wind filed should be calculated with high accuracy. A numerical simulation using LCM will provide more accurate results over a complex terrain around coastal area.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2013

Purpose: This study examines construction core plans for the users of vertical-typed general hospitals to effectivly use the flow line. Methods: The study sampled representative 9 hospitals, calculated the depth value through Convex Map of Space Syntax and Justified Graph according to the determination of form of construction cire, and analyzed its functional connectivity. Results: The analysis of the connectivity between operation core part and emergency part of core space with high importance in the hospitals showed that the types of hospital and hospital have the lowest depth value in the spatial phase diagram, where central treatment part and outpatient part are arranged well vertically. Elevators for patients at these hospitals are close to operation and emergency parts actually separated from the elevators for passengers. For shortening of flow line of patients and private movement environment, however, it is desirable to arrange the elevators for patients to be adjacent to the operation parts and to arrange the emergent patient entrances more effectively to separate them from the flow line of visitors and guardians. Implications: Consideration should be taken into account for the effective flow line design. This study hopefully may serve as a stepping stone for the standard design of horizontal/vertical flow line.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2012

The numerical analysis by using CFX 11.0 commercial code was done for prediction of fluid flow and thermal field in the vertical heat exchanger. The present experimental studies were also conducted to investigate the effects of circulating solid particles on the fluid flow and temperatures in the fluidized bed vertical shell and tube type heat exchanger with counterflow, at which the solid particles of glasses (3 $mm{\Phi}$) were used in the fluidized bed with a smooth tube. The effect of circulation on the distance(L) of tube inlet and baffle plate was also examined. The present experimental and numerical results showed that the particles in the distance (Ds) of 15 mm showed a more efficient circulation without stacked the space and the LMTD(Log Mean Temperature Difference) in the fluidized bed type was much lower than that in the typical type shell and tube heat exchanger.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2015

As the predominant mode of vertical urban development in China, mixed-use complexes provide the optimal case for the research of sustainable and vertical urbanism. This paper reviews three typical mixed-use complexes with various vertical space systems in Shanghai via the combination of field observation, questionnaires and software analysis. It then proceeds to determine which vertical space system is most effective for encouraging sustainable vertical urban development from the perspective of spatial efficiency. Finally, it concludes with an evaluation of the relative capabilities of the design features of a mixed-use complex: to create external dimensional-connections, to create multiple internal connections, and to organize overall composite functions.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-74
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• 2009

In order to clarify the vertical ozone distribution in planetary boundary layer of coastal area with complex terrain, an observation campaign was carried out around Gwangyang Bay with dense pollutant emission sources during two days from June, 4 2007. For this observation are Radiosonde, SODAR(SOnic Detection And Ranging) and Tethered ozone sonde were employed. The surface meteorological and photochemical observation data provided by AWS (Automatic Weather System) and AQMS (Air Quality Monitoring System) were also applied for analysis. Synoptic condition is strongly associated with lower level ozone distribution in complex terrain coastal area. Since mesoscale circulation induced by difference of characteristics of land and sea and orographic forcing is predominant under calm synoptic condition, vertical distribution of ozone is complicate and vertical ozone concentration greatly fluctuated. However in second day when synoptic influence become strong, ozone concentration in lower levels is vertically uniform regardless of observation level. This results in vertical observation indicates that vertical ozone distribution is often determined by synoptic condition and also affects surface ozone concentration.