• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2018

Morphological information such as shape and margin of micro lesion is important information for diagnosis of disease in clinical imaging. In this study, we investigated the morphological changes of the micro lesions by comparing the contrast and area in grid suppressed DR images according to grid frequency. In the profile analysis of the image, the mass showed an average intensity variation of 8.6 ~ 72.4 after suppression, The higher the grid frequency, the more the contrast was increased. However, in the images obtained using 103 lp / inch, which is a grid frequency less than the sampling frequency, the contrast of the mass in the vertical direction decreased after suppression. In the binary image, the area change of the mass was also large. As a result, the shape, size, and margin of the mass changed. In the case of very small calcification, the higher the grid frequency is the larger the change in contrast, so that a clear image can be obtained in the post-suppression image. However, we could confirm that the margin of the lesion was blurred and the lesion was lost in some of the images using the 103 lp / inch grid. The higher the frequency of the grid, The change of the contrast of fiber occurred largely and clear boundary was confirmed. The decrease of the number of pixels was small and morphological change was small. In conclusion, when using a grid frequency that is not suitable for the sample frequency, morphological changes or lesion loss of micro lesions in the post- suppression image may give the possibility of misdiagnosis in diagnosis and differentiation of the image.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2647-2650
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancers(CRC) are the third most common cancer in the western world, with surgery preferred for management of non-metastatic disease and post surgical treatment usually arranged according to the TNM staging system. However, there is still prognostic variation between patients who have the same stage. It is increasingly recognized that variations within disease course and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients are influenced by not only oncological characteristics of the tumor itself but also host response factors. Recent studies have shown correlation between the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in various cancers. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been described as a marker for immune response to various stimuli including cancer. Material-Methods: Two hundred eighty-one CRC patients were included in our retrospective analysis, separated into two groups according to a cut-off value for the NLR. Patient data including age, gender, vertical penetration, anatomic location, and differentiation of the tumor, TNM stage, survival rate, and disease-free survival were analyzed for correlations with the NLR. Results: Using ROC curve analysis, we determined a cut-off value of 2.2 for NLR to be best to discriminate between patient survival in the whole group. In univariate analysis, high pretreatment NLR (p=0.001, 95%CI 1.483-4.846), pathologic nodal stage (p<0.001, 95%CI 1.082-3.289) and advanced pathologic TNM stage (p<0.001, 95%CI 1.462-4.213) were predictive of shorter survival. In multivariate analysis, advanced pathologic TNM stage (p=0.001, 95%CI 1.303-26.542) and high pretreatment NLR (p=0.005, 95%CI 1.713-6.378) remained independently associated with poor survival. Conclusions: High pre-treatment NLR is a significant independent predictor of shorter survival in patients with colorectal cancer. This parameter is a simple, easily accessible laboratory value for identifying patients with poorer prognosis.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1373-1382
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 사용자가 스스로 미소 훈련을 할 수 있도록 자동으로 미소를 분석하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 입력 영상으로부터 AdaBoost 알고리즘을 통해 얼굴 영역을 검출한 다음, ASM(active shape model)을 이용하여 생성된 얼굴 형태 모델을 이용하여 얼굴의 특징을 찾는다. 얼굴 특징을 찾은 다음에는 미소 분석에 필요한 입술 라인과 개별 치아 영역을 추출한다. 미소의 정도를 분석하기 위해 입술 라인과 치아와의 관계 판별이 필요한데, 이를 위해 치아 영상에 대해 2차 미분을 실행한 후, 세로축과 가로축에 히스토그램 프로젝션 방법을 이용하여 개별적인 치아 영역을 찾는다. 입술 라인과 개별 치아 영역에 대한 분석을 통해 사용자의 미소 정도를 자동으로 분석하고 결과를 실시간으로 사용자가 직접 확인할 수 있게 해 준다. 본 논문에서 개발된 시스템은 기존에 치과 병원에서 이루어진 미소 훈련을 위한 미소 평가 결과와 8.6% 이하의 오차를 보였으며 사용자가 혼자서도 미소를 훈련하는데 활용할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2012

해안 및 항만에 설치되는 항로표지 시설에 3색 LED를 적용하여 야간에 식별을 용이하게 하는 감성적 시각의 조명과 항만 진입등의 점멸제어 방식에 대하여 연구하였다. 항만 양측에 홍등, 백등의 항로표지를 주변의 조명과 차별화하여 식별을 쉽게 하였고, GPS에 의한 시각동기와 타이머를 통하여 항만 진입등을 좌우 및 일렬순차 점등으로 동기시키는 통합형 콘트롤러를 설계하였다. LED에 의한 AtoN(Aids to Navigation) 시설을 높이에 따른 층별 색상으로 조화시키고 감성조명으로 표현하여 항해사의 표지식별에 대한 혼란을 방지하며 야간항만의 경관을 미화시키는 효과를 얻었다. 또한 선박의 항만진입을 인도하는 메시지를 전달하는 모르스 부호 발광의 기능을 부가적으로 구현하였다. 등명기는 반영구적인 고휘도 LED로 대체되므로써 수명과 소비전력에 대한 효율성을 증대하였다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제26권A호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

Efficiency and universality which was the spirit of the modern age, had also an enfluence on our living environment. Various types of individual housing unit were developed and mass-produced. However, the exterior space in our city is a place for our social life and intermediate place to connect the private life of each individual to our society. For the people to adapt themselves well to their environment, it should be well organized which means it is clearly divided and integrated in a hierarchical order. To realize these conditions, adequate boundaries to divide each territory and entrances to connect each territory are two essential elements. One of the possible methods to realize these conditions can be found in korean traditional architecture where the exterior space has the same figural quality like buildings and is the center of the whole composition. Buildings, walls and colonnades are the elements to define space. Gates, pavilions, gabs between buildings and posts are the elements to symbolize the entrance connecting each space. Each exterior space is integrated to a whole composition. One is the gradual differentiation along the axis which is unique in korean traditional architecture. The other is the rectangular connection which is also found in the other area in the world. The results of this thesis are as follows. The exterior space in the housing area should have the figural quality. The elements to make boundaries defining exterior space are classified into horizontal elements such as low buildings and walls, and vertical elements such as tower-shape buildings which define space in a different way. The position of openings in a housing block affects the characteristic and openness of a exterior space. Various types of gates are used to decide the relationship between spaces.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 보유추 이론을 적용하여 초기 설계된 선체거더에 대한 상하 고유진동해석을 수행함과 동시에 설계변수 변경에 따른 고유진동수 및 고유모드의 변화율을 계산하는 감도해석방법을 활용하여 설계변경 또는 적화상태 변화시의 선체 고유진동 특성을 신속하게 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 이때, 이산화 해석방법은 전달행렬법을 적용하였으며, 설계변수로는 각 이산화 요소의 선체 중량, 2차원 부가수질량 및 동 3차원 수정계수, 유효굽힘강성 등으로 설정하였다. 감도해석 결과를 이용하여 중형 광석/살물운반선의 적화상태 변경시의 고유진동수를 추정한 결과는 통상적 재해석 결과와 비교하여 오차 2%이내의 매우 양호한 부합성을 나타내었다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.363-378
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• 2007

환경친화적인 소비행태란 어떤 제품의 환경친화도가 높아지면 그 제품에 대한 지불용의도 커지는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 소비행태를 지닌 소비자들로 구성된 시장을 green market이라고 부른다. green market에 대한 거의 대부분의 기존 연구는 단위배출기준(unit emission standard), 환경세 등 환경정책수단의 효과를 분석하였다. 향후 소비자들의 환경친화적인 성향은 지속적으로 강화될 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 수직차별화 모형을 바탕으로 소비자 환경친화도의 변화가 오염물질 배출량에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 제품의 필수재적인 성격이 강하여 모든 소비자들이 제품을 구매하는 경우에는 소비자들의 환경친화적인 성향이 높아지면 오염물질 배출량은 감소한다. 이는 소비자들의 환경친화도가 변화하여도 총생산량에는 아무런 변화가 없기 때문이다. 반면 일부 소비자들이 제품을 구입하지 않는 시장의 경우에는 환경친화적인 성향이 낮은 소비자들의 환경친화도가 상대적으로 크게 상승하면 오염물질 배출량이 증가할 수도 있다 이는 무엇보다도 환경친화적인 성향이 낮은 소비자들의 환경친화도가 상대적으로 크게 상승함에 따라 제품의 총생산량이 증가하기 때문이다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.364-382
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to develop the standard indicators to evaluate the food and nutrition systems in hospitals and to test the validity of those items scientifically. The results were as follows: First, the conceptual validity was examined with recognition degrees of importance from the hospital nutrition department managers. All of the hospital nutrition department's operation evaluation standards and the indicators' conceptual validity tested were in the range of 3.71~4.93 out of 5.0, and the mean score was 4.36. Therefore, the conceptual validity was verified. Second, to verify the factor validity of the items of the standards and indicators for the hospital nutrition department's operation evaluation, the standards and indicators were analyzed as key-factors. Key-factor analysis after vertical rotation showed that four factors appeared and were composed of (a) facilities management, (b) sanitation management, (c) operation & foodservice management, and (d) nutrition management. Third, the reliability of the standards and indicators for the hospital nutrition department's operation evaluation was analyzed and resulted in a score of 0.98, which showed good internal consistency. Fourth, the discriminative power of each item of the standards for the hospital nutrition department's operation evaluation was tested by checking the differences between groups with first quartile and forth quartile of total evaluation scores. The indicators having low distinction power were modified into obligatory items or eliminated for better differentiation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2016

Color plan that contains corporate color of Seoul apartment has a great influence on city environment, considering high-rise vertical dispersion and extent. Therefore, it is necessary to view color plan from an integrative viewpoint. Here, this research aimed at deriving guideline factors of esthetic color plan based on city identity, by recognizing the importance of apartment color and color plan characteristic of recently built brand apartments. Exterior color plan characteristic of Seoul brand apartments seen in this research, first, most of dominance colors were in same color similar tone with warm color in bright and warm image, as the psychological function, accessory colors appeared in similar tone of similar color harmonious with the dominance color. Also, accent color was highlighted with its identity through cooperative color. Second, emotional effect diminished size and weight of high-rise apartment. The upper levels showed clear and clean image, middle to lower level showed stability and comfortable image, on the whole, refined and urbane image that aim for natural and modern image. Therefore, apartment color plan requires, first, in respect of dominance color, unity is required proper for urban image by preparing color permission limitation standard. Second, dominance color and accessory color require historicity and differentiation in sociality that urban identity gets. Third, high-rise upper level cooperative color accent color requires compatibility with urban landscape. Lastly, guideline along with rate is required for color, tone, and pattern, etc. by extent contrast. Here, apartment color plan requires consistent research as urban environment color, also, base study should be accelerated as a part of competitive city branding.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Network externalities are essentially dynamic in that the value consumers feel about a product is affected by the size of the existing customer base that uses that product. However, existing studies on network externalities analyzed the effects of network externalities in a static way, not dynamic. In this study, unlike previous studies, the impact of network externalities on price competition in a vertically differentiated market is dynamically analyzed. To this end, a two-period duopoly game model was used to reflect the dynamic aspects of network externalities. Based on the game model, the Nash equilibria for price, sales volume, and revenue were derived and numerically analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows. First, if high-end product has strong market power, the high-end product vendor takes almost all benefits of the network externality. Second, when high-end product has strong market power, the low-end product will take over most of the initial sales volume increase. Third, when market power of high-end product is not strong, it can be seen that the effects of network externalities on the high and low-end products are generally proportional to the difference in quality. Lastly, if there exists a strong network externality, it is shown that the presence of low-end product can be more profitable for high-end product vendor. In other words, high-end product vendor has incentive to disclose some technologies for the market entrance of low-end product, even if it has exclusive rights to the technologies. In that case, however, it is shown that the difference in quality should be maintained significantly.