• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.420-422
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• 2014

A 44-year-old pregnant female patient gave stillbirth while being treated for pneumonia. She developed acute respiratory failure, which resulted in mechanical ventilator support. Diagnostic lung biopsy revealed a cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. The patient's condition deteriorated and a venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was placed. She was listed for lung transplantation. Because of her worsening condition lung transplantation was performed despite positive cross matching result. She was treated with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis and recovered without event. There is no sign of rejection at the time of last follow-up.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.171-173
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• 2014

Saccular aneurysm of the external jugular vein presenting as a neck mass is very rare. We report the surgical treatment of an external jugular venous aneurysm in a 48-year-old female patient due to the cosmetic problem of neck engorgement, concomitant with thyroidectomy for cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2000

The medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, has been used for salvage of the venous-congested flap following reconstructive surgery, with increasing frequency during the last two decades. Medicinal leech therapy is a safe, efficacious, economical, and well-tolerated intervention. The flap salvage with leeching occurs in approximately 70% of cases, and leeches need to be used as early as possible. At the time of the bite, evacuation of blood and injection of the leech saliva products, including anticoagulants and inhibitors of platelet aggregation, maintain capillary circulation of the flap, and then venous capillary return is established across the wound by angiogenesis. One of the salivary products, hirudin, represents the first parenteral anticoagulant introduced since the discovery of heparin. We analyzed two cases in which flap salvage with leeching was attempted, and reviewed medicinal leech therapy on the basis of our experiences and literature review. This has not been documented in the head and neck surgery literature in our country.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2010

Purpose: Arteriovenous fistulas that involve the cavernous sinus often produce ophthalmologic symptoms and signs. Transvenous endovascular access is the method of choice for a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. The superior ophthalmic vein is a safe and reasonable alternative route for the transvenous embolization of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. We report a case of the embolization of a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula using the superior ophthalmic vein approach. Methods: A 58 year old female had conjunctival congestion, periocular pain and diplopia with a 2 month duration. Diagnostic orbital CT, brain MRI and cerebral angiography revealed a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. The fistula occlusion was treated by coil embolization using the superior ophthalmic vein approach. Results: The initial presenting symptoms, conjunctival congestion, periocular pain and diplopia, decreased after surgery. Coil embolization via the superior ophthalmic vein approach was difficult because of the venous tortuosity and friability. During the follow up period, the patient was in a good condition without complications. Conclusion: Surgical exposure of the superior ophthalmic vein provides direct venous access to the cavernous sinus as well as an effective and safe treatment approach. The cooperation of the plastic surgeon and interventionist is a factor in successful treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.171-174
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• 1988

Thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) and thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) activities were measured in the thyroidal and peripheral venous blood samples at the time of subtotal thyroidectomy from twenty one patients with Graves' disease prepared for surgery with antithyroid drugs. There was no difference in TBII and TSAb activities between thyroidal and peripheral blood samples. These findings were regarded that while intrathyroidal lymphocytes are major site of thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) production, similar levels are found in thyroidal and peripheral veins and that this in vivo study cannot exactly ascertain the TRAb producing site.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.387-391
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• 2011

Background: The relationship between the degree of expression of matrix metalloproteinases or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and venous reflux remains to be investigated. Materials and Methods: Primary varicose vein tissues were obtained from 23 patients, 18 females and 5 males, aged from 19 to 73. Cephalic or basilic veins were obtained for the control group from 10 patients who underwent vascular access for maintenance hemodialysis. Two operative techniques (high ligation with stripping or endovenous laser coagulation) were used. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 13 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 in the varicose vein group and control group was assessed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemical slides stained with primary antibodies. Results: Twenty (87%) of the varicose vein group patients had greater or lesser saphenous vein diseases with reflux. The focal weak (+) stain for matrix metalloproteinases-2, and 13, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-4 was dominant in the varicose vein group; the focal or diffuse strong stain (++ or +++) was prevalent in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.01). The degree of reflux and the duration of symptoms were not significantly related to the expression of MMP-13 (p=0.317 and p=0.654, respectively). Conclusion: Further study should be performed to investigate the relationship between the clinical characteristics related to venous hypertension or reflux and expression of MMPs and TIMP in varicose veins.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.815-821
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• 2000

Parasplenial arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) are rare vascular malformations which have distinct clinical and anatomical features. They are situated at the confluence of the hippocampus, isthmus of the cingulate gyrus and the gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis. These lesions are anterior to the calcarine sulcus and their apex extends towards the medial surface of the trigonum. Posterolaterally, these lesions are in close proximity to the visual cortex and optic radiation. The objectives in the surgery of parasplenial AVMs are complete resection of the lesions and preservation of vision. These objectives must be achieved with comprehensive understanding of the following anatomical features :1) the deep central location of the lesions within eloquent brain tissue ; 2) the lack of cortical representation of the AVMs that requires retraction of visual cortex ; 3) deep arterial supply ; 4) deep venous drainage ; 5) juxtaposition to the choroid plexus with which arterial supply and venous drainage are shared. A 16-year-old female student presented with intraventricular hemorrhage from a right parasplenial-subtrigonal AVM. The lesion, fed by posterior cerebral artery and drained into the vein of Galen, was successfully treated by the inter-hemispheric parietooccipital approach. To avoid visual field defect a small incision was made on precuneus anterior to the calcarine sulcus. In this report, the authors describe a surgical approach with special consideration on preservation of visual field.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2015

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following a closed head injury in pediatric patients is a rare condition, and an early spontaneous recanalization of this condition is extremely rare. A 10-year-old boy was admitted with a mild, intermittent headache and nausea five days after a bicycle accident. The brain computed tomography showed an epidural hematoma at the right occipital area with pneumocephalus due to a fracture of the occipital skull bone. The brain magnetic resonance imaging and the magnetic resonance venography demonstrated a flow signal loss from the right sigmoid sinus to the right jugular vein. The diagnosis was sigmoid sinus thrombosis, so close observations were selected as a treatment for the patient because of his gradually improving symptoms; however, he complained of vomiting 14 days the after conservative treatment. The patient was readmitted for a further examination of his symptoms. The laboratory and the gastroenterological examinations were normal. Due to concern regarding the worsening of the sigmoid sinus thrombosis, the brain magnetic resonance venography was rechecked and it revealed the recanalization of the venous flow in the sigmoid sinus and in the jugular vein.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1975

The effects of histamine on cardiovascular system in 6 dogs were analyzed. Mongrel dogs, 10 to 16 kg in body weight, were anesthetized with Nembutal (30 mg/kg) and arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, electrocardiogram were recorded and measured plasma potassium concentration. Histamine $(100{\mu}g/ml)$ was infused slowly at the rate of 0.25 ml/min through the external jugular vein until BP was 80/60 and maintained restored BP for more than 5 min. The process repeated $4{\sim}5$ times. At each time before and after infusion every items were recorded and measured. 1. Arterial blood pressure was 142/105 (mean 117) mmHg in control and decreased to 90/60 68) after histamine infusion. 2. Heart rate changed from 175 beat/min to 150 and central venous pressure from 6.2 to 5.2 cm $H_2O$. 3. Plasma potassium concentration was 4.3 mEq/L and slightly increased to 4.7 mEq/L but it was not significant statistically. 4. Most characteristic changes revealed in EKG especially in T-waves. Height, Width, Steepness, and Slimness were increased $1.5{\sim}3.7$ times than control level and Pointedness decresed 0.5 times than before.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.53-56
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• 2018

Computed tomography (CT) findings of hepatic adenoma in veterinary medicine are variable and unlike in human medicine, not defined clearly. A 12-year-old neutered male Shih Tzu presented after a seizure, with weight loss, salivation, and cachexia. An abdominal mass was identified on radiography, and ultrasonographic images showed a mixed echo pattern with marked vascularity. CT showed that the mass originated from caudate lobe, was heterogeneously hypoattenuated compared with the hepatic parenchyma, and had irregular margins. Contrast enhanced CT showed that the mass enhanced like the surrounding liver parenchyma. However, it contained unenhanced areas and enhanced vessels were observed in the arterial phase at the periphery of the mass. The margins of mass were more enhanced in the venous phase than the arterial phase and the hypoattenuating regions within the mass were not enhanced. Greater enhancing in the venous phase is seen with adenomas; however, the heterogeneous enhancement pattern, especially the marginal vascular enhancement and internal hypoattenuating regions, is seen with malignancy. Although this is a single case of hepatic adenoma, the atypical enhanced pattern of this case can provide useful information to predict the malignancy of primary liver tumor.