• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

Purpose: Early identification of neonatal sepsis is a global issue because of limitations in diagnostic procedures. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil CD64 and C-reactive protein (CRP) as a single test for the early detection of neonatal sepsis. Methods: A prospective study enrolled newborns with documented sepsis (n=11), clinical sepsis (n=12) and control newborns (n=14). CRP, neutrophil CD64, complete blood counts and blood culture were taken at the time of the suspected sepsis for the documented or clinical group and at the time of venipuncture for laboratory tests in control newborns. Neutrophil CD64 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: CD64 was significantly elevated in the groups with documented or clinical sepsis, whereas CRP was not significantly increased compared with controls. For documented sepsis, CD64 and CRP had a sensitivity of 91% and 9%, a specificity of 83% and 83%, a positive predictive value of 83% and 33% and a negative predictive value of 91% and 50%, respectively, with a cutoff value of 3.0 mg/dL for CD64 and 1.0 mg/dL for CRP. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for CD64 index and CRP were 0.955 and 0.527 ($P$ <0.01), respectively. Conclusion: These preliminary data show that diagnostic accuracy of CD64 is superior to CRP when measured at the time of suspected sepsis, which implies that CD64 is a more reliable marker for the early identification of neonatal sepsis as a single determination compared with CRP.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

Purpose: The present study was performed to clarify the relationship between periodontal disease severity and selected immunological parameters consisting of serum IgG titer against periodontopathogenic bacteria, the expression of the helper T-cell cytokine by gingival mononuclear cells, and patients' immunoreactivity to cross-reactive heat shock protein (HSP) epitope peptide from P. gingivalis HSP60. Methods: Twenty-five patients with moderate periodontitis had their gingival connective tissue harvested of gingival mononuclear cells during an open flap debridement procedure and peripheral blood was drawn by venipuncture to collect serum. The mean level of interproximal alveolar bone was calculated to be used as an index for periodontal disease severity for a given patient. Each of selected immunologic parameters was subject to statistical management to seek their correlations with the severity of periodontal disease. Results: A significant correlation could not be identified between serum IgG titers against specific bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans) and the severity of periodontal disease. Expression of interleukin (IL)-10 by gingival mononuclear cells was statistically significant in the group of patients who had higher levels of alveolar bone height. However, a similar correlation could not be demonstrated in cases for IL-4 or interferon-$\gamma$. Patients' serum reactivity to cross-reactive epitope peptide showed a significant correlation with the amount of alveolar bone. Conclusions: It was concluded that expression of IL-10 by gingival mononuclear cells and patients' sero-reactivity to the cross-reactive HSP peptide of P. gingivalis HSP60 were significantly correlated with alveolar bone height.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2008

소아 환자는 정맥주사의 통증에 대한 심리적인 거부감 및 두려움이 존재하고 있다. 정맥 카데터 주입시의 통증을 평가하기 위해 CT검사를 위해 내원한 소아 130명(나이 $8{\sim}13$)을 대상으로 하였다. 통증 분석은 시각적 상사 척도(visual analog scale, VAS), 수치 통증 강도 척도(numeric pain rating scale, NPRS), Wong-Baker의 안면 통증 단계 척도(Wong-Baker faces pain scale, WBFPS)를 개량한 3종류의 평가 도구를 이용하였다. 시각적 상사 척도, 수치 통증 강도 척도, Wong-Baker의 안면 통증 단계 척도 간의 양의 상관관계($r=0.70{\sim}0.92$)를 보이고 있다. 시각적 상사 척도/수치 통증 강도 척도에서 보다 좋은 일치도를 나타냈다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.415-428
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify side effects of the vesicant chemotherapy. The study was designed to be a descriptive survey. The subjects of this study were 88 patients with various types of cancer, primary lung cancer(25.0%), advanced gastric cancer(25.0%), breast cancer(20.5%), etc. The mean age was 44.8 years old(range: 16-68). The questionnaire was completed by nurses of the outpatient unit and chemotherapy ward, and intravenous nurse specialist. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Chemotherapy was administered with a 23G scalp needle and 24G insyte. Injection site was dorsum of hands(64.7%), cephalic vein(19.3%). Successful rate for the first attempt was 88.6%. The first & second cycle chemotherapy was 29.5% each.. Mainly used drugs were Navelbine(34.1%), Adriamycin(20.5%). 2) Venous Problems after chemotherapy were pain(13.6%) incurred by venous, mainly due to the administration of Navelbine; redness at the inravenous site(12.5%) and itching sense 2.3% Non-venous problems were nausea (18.2%), dullness(14.8%), vomiting(8.0%), facial flushing(6.8%), anxiety(5.7%). Subjective discomforts after chemotherapy were generalized arm pain at the injection side(14.8%), dizziness(6.8%), weakness(5.7%) and general bodyache(5.7%). Systemic anaphylactic reaction and extravasation did not occur. 3) Non-venous problem after chemotherapy were nausea, vomiting & anorexia. Frequency of chemotherapy related to side effects were itching, facial flushing, and nausea(p< .05). Day of chemotherapy related to side effects were nausea & vomiting(p< .05). Site of chemotherapy related to side effects were redness(p< .05). Frequency of venipuncture related to side effects were redness(p< .05). Conclusively, cancer chemotherapy patients have had some venous problem. They need appropriate venous access devices for chemotherapy. And other non-venous problem will be managed appropriately. Further research was required to identify the rate of venous complication or side effects of vesicant chemotherapy.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to compare the rates of hemolysis and repeated sampling in blood samples obtained by a syringe needle versus a vacuum tube needle. Methods: A randomized, prospective study was used to evaluate the differences between the two blood sampling methods. The study group consisted of patients seen in the emergency department (ED) for blood sampling to determine electrolyte level. ED patients were randomly assigned to either the syringe group or the vacuum tube group. All blood samples were collected by experienced ED nurses and hemolysis was determined by experienced laboratory technologists. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression. Results: One hundred forty-five valid samples were collected (74 in the syringe group versus 71 in the vacuum tube group). 5 of 74 (6.8%) blood samples in the syringe group and 8 of 71 (11.3%) in the vacuum tube group hemolyzed. Repeated blood sampling occurred for 2 of 74 (2.7%) and 3 of 71 (4.2%) in each group respectively. There were no significant differences in rates of hemolysis and repeated sampling between two groups (B=1.97, p=.204; B=2.36, p=.345). Conclusion: Venipuncture with syringe needles can be recommended for ED nurses to obtain blood samples.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1998

The prevalence of iron deficiency in later infancy and the toddler years(25% to 40% at 1 year of age) has not decreased remarkably , except in Western countries. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine the relationship between current feeding practices and iron status, and 2) assess compliance to infant feeding instructions. Two groupsof infants were examined. The first group of 302 infants aged 6 to 24months was seen at a well baby clinic while the second group of 135 infants of the same age group was assessed by venipuncture. Cutoff values for laboratory tests were as follows ; hemoglobin<11g/dL, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <72fl ; red cell distribution width(RDW)>15% ; serum ferritin level<10ng/ml ; and transferrin saturation (serum iron(TIBC)<10%. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was made when a low hemoglobin level was associated with either low ferritin orlow transferrin saturation . Of the 302 children brought to the well baby clinic , 12.3%(n=37) were found to have anemia (hemoglobin<11.0/dL). In terms of children grouped according to feeding practices, it was found that children with anemial comprised 32.0% (24/75) of the prolonged breast-fed group (Group A), significantly more than the 4.0%(7/176) of the artificial milk feeding group(Group B). and 3.9%(2/51) of the switched from breast milk to iron -fortified weaning foods group(Group C).Among the 107 children with IDA , iron deficiency in 105 children(98.1%) was suggested by their dietary histories ; exclusive or prolonged breast-feeding for more than 6 months without iron fortification in 98 infants ; cow's milk consumption> 500ml/day without iron fortification during infancy(n=12), or >800ml without iron-fortified foods after infancy(n=15) ; and the use of unfortified forumula or unbalanced diets, mainly limited to rice gruel. Despite the relatively high (79.6%) motivation on the part of the infants mothers and supervison by professional personnel, the poor results in the infants receiving iron fortified foods were due to poor compliance(85.75). Among the mothers of 98 IDA patients who were contacted by telephone , it was revealed that 29% did not give the oral iron preparation for more than 2 months. Furthermore, negligence or disregard by the parents occurred in 14% of the case , discontinuance of the oral iron preparation by the parents due to side effects occurred in 6%, and the children's refusal or poor oral intake and no further trial occurred in 6%. The dietary history of a large group of infants was highly predictive of their risk for anemia . Continued consumption of breast milk until the age of 1 year is not warranted unless iron-fortified foods are given concomitantly. Because there is a problem with compliance, more successful and safe strategies for preventing iron deficiency woold included dual coverage in the from of therapeutic iron supplementation as well use of iron-fortified foods for teddlers who are at risk of iron deficiency.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2004

배 경 : 세균 감염 시 이환율과 사망률이 증가한다고 알려져 있는 당뇨에서 염증 조직 내 활성 산소 기능과 세균능 감소를 보이는 중성구의 기능 이상이 잘 알려져 있다. 또한, 기획성 세포사멸이 중성구 제거에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 중성구의 기획성 세포사멸은 염증 조직 내I 균형을 유지하는 데 중요하다. 실제 당뇨병에서 중성구의 기획성 세포사멸과 활성 산소에 대한 연구가 없는 실정으로 본 연구를 통해 당뇨에서 내독소 투여시 중성구의 기획성 세포사멸과 과산화수소 분비능을 알고자 하였다. 방 법 : 정상과 당뇨 환자의 전혈을 뽑아 중성구 만을 추출하여 내독소에 노출시킨 후 중성구의 기획성 세포사멸, 과산화수소 분비능, 생존율을 각각 측정하였다. 결 과 : 정상 중성구는 내독소 투여 후 기획성 세포사멸이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 정상과 비교할 때 당뇨환자의 중성구는 기획성 세포사멸이 감소하였고 특히 내 독소를 투여한 군에서 더욱 감소하였다. 과산화수소 분비능의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 당뇨환자에서 내독소 투여로 인한 중성구의 기획성 세포사멸 감소가 당뇨에서 중증 감염과 높은 사망률에 영향을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short road transportation in an open truck during hot season on live weight shrink, physiological responses, and carcass and meat quality of Omani sheep at 6 and 12 months of age. Thirty-six male sheep, 18 of each age group, were used. Age groups were assigned randomly to transported and not-transported groups. The transported group was transported to the slaughterhouse the day of slaughter in an open truck covering a distance of approximately 100 km. The average temperature during transportation was $37^{\circ}C$. The not-transported group was kept in a lairage of a commercial slaughterhouse with ad libitum feed and water for 48 h prior to slaughter. Blood samples were collected from sheep before loading and prior to slaughter via jugular venipuncture to assess their physiological response to transport in relation to hormonal levels. Animals were weighed just before loading onto a truck and after transport to assess shrinkage. Muscle ultimate pH, expressed juice, cooking loss percentage, WB-shear force value, sarcomere length and colour L*, a*, b* were measured on samples from longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles collected at 24 h postmortem at $1-3^{\circ}C$. Live weight shrinkage losses were 1.09 and 1.52 kg for 6 and 12 month transported sheep, respectively. The transported sheep had significantly (p<0.05) higher cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentration levels prior to slaughter at both ages than the not-transported sheep. Transportation significantly influenced meat quality characteristics of three muscles. Muscle ultimate pH and shear force values were significantly higher, while CIE L*, a*, b*, expressed juice and cooking loss were lower in transported than not-transported sheep. Age had a significant effect on meat quality characteristics of Omani sheep. These results indicated that short-term pre-slaughter transport at high ambient temperatures can cause noticeable changes in physiological and muscle metabolism responses in sheep.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2002

젖소에서 우유생산량의 증가시키기 위한 방안을 제시하기 위하여, 고능력우와 저능력우의 혈액화학치를 조사 연구하였다. 젖소 30두(3산에서 5산 사이)를 분만후 15, 30, 60, 90일의 착유량을 기준으로 두 군으로 나누었다. 착유량이 27 kg/day 이하인 군을 A(group A)군으로 하고, 30 kg/day 이상인 군을 B(group B)군으로 하였다. 혈액 샘플은 경정맥을 통하여, 분만전 15일, 분만후 12시간 이내(0 days), 분만후 15, 30, 60, 90일에 채혈하였다. 혈액 광물질 중 Mg과 Cg 농도는 B군이 A군보다 지속적으로 높았다. 무기인 농도는 두 군간에 분만전후에 변동이 있었으나, 분만후 15일과 30일에는 B군이 A군보다 유의성있게 높았다 (p<0.05). 혈액화학치 중에 cholesterol 농도는 분만당일을 제외하고는 B군이 지속적으로 높았고, BUN 농도와 glucose 농도는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 비타민 A 농도는 분만전 15일과 분만후 15일에 B군이 A군보다 유의성있게 높았고 (p<0.01), 비타민 E 농도는 실험기간동안에 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 우유 생산량을 증가시키기 위해서 저능력우에 분만 전후에 사료 중에 Mg, Ca, Pi 과 비타민 A를 첨가하여주는 것이 효과가 있을 것이다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2022

정맥주사는 환자의 치료를 위해 주사 약물, 수액, 비경구 영양, 혈액제제의 투입 등에 광법위하게 이용되고 있으며 입원 환자에게 가장 빈번하게 행해지는 침습적 처치로서, 채혈, 말초 카테터 삽입 및 기타 IV요법 등에 해당하며 연간 10억건 이상 발생하고 있다. 정맥주사는 정맥주사 교육을 받은 숙련된 간호사들에 의해서만 시술되는 어려운 시술 중에 하나이며 실패 시 정맥에 혈전증 및 혈종이나 신경손상 등을 초래할 수 있다. 정맥주사를 자주 시술하는 간호사들도 비만, 피부색, 나이 등의 요인으로 정맥 검출이 쉽지 않아 실수들이 발생하는 경우도 있다. 이에 정맥주사 시 실수를 줄이기 위해 손등이나 팔의 정맥 구조를 시각화할 수 있는 보조 장비들에 대한 연구들이 발표되고 있다. 본 논문은 정맥주사 시 정맥의 구조를 시각화하는 정맥검출 장비 개발에 관한 연구에 대한 내용으로서, 정맥검출을 위한 실험 모듈을 제작하고 각기 다른 파장대를 지닌 NIR(근적외선) LED와 Filter의 파장대 조합에 따른 획득 영상의 밝기 비교를 통해 최적의 조합을 선정하는 연구를 진행했다. 또한 구현한 정맥검출 실험 모듈을 통해 획득한 정맥 영상의 선명화를 위해 그레이스케일 변환, 히스토그램 평활화, 샤프닝 필터 적용하고 이진화 이후 마킹을 통해 혈관 부분을 녹색으로 변환하는 영상처리 알고리즘을 도출하였다.