• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.879-887
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• 2019

본 논문의 목적은 흉부 CT검사를 시행하는 소아환자의 조영제 투여를 최소화하고 조영 증강은 최적화하기 위하여, 몸무게의 변화에 따른 생리학적 주입 프로토콜을 정립하는 것이다. 만 10세 이하의 소아환자 80명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 혈관 조영제 300 mgI/ml를 사용하였으며, A그룹은 몸무게 1.5배의 용량을 주입하였고, B, C, D 그룹은 10%씩 감소하면서 생리식염수 5 ~ 15 ml를 추가 주입하였다. 조영제와 생리식염수의 주입량과 속도 및 지연시간을 몸무게와 연동하여 계산할 수 있는 생리학적 모델의 엑셀시트를 적용하였다. 화질평가는 상대정맥, 상행대동맥, 폐동맥, 우심방, 우심실, 좌심방, 좌심실, 하행대동맥, 쇄골하정맥의 CT number와 SNR을 측정하여 그룹간 비교하였으며, 생리식염수 주입에 따른 인공물 감소효과를 파악하기 위하여 쇄골하정맥과 상대정맥의 CT number를 비교하였다. 또한 조영 증강의 정도와 인공물에 대하여 정성적 평가를 추가로 수행하였다. 조영제 주입 프로토콜에 따른 SNR을 비교 평가한 결과, 상대정맥과 폐동맥, 하행대동맥, 우심실, 좌심실에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, CT number는 모든 장기에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 조영제를 10% 감소하고 생리식염수를 추가 주입한 그룹은 조영 증강 정도는 차이가 없었으나, 20% 이상 감소한 그룹은 조영 증강의 정도가 낮게 나타났다. 또한 생리식염수 주입한 그룹은 상대정맥과 쇄골하정맥의 조영 증강이 매우 감소되었고, 조영제에 의한 빔 경화 인공물이 상당히 감쇄되었다. 결론적으로 소아의 흉부 CT 검사에서 생리학적 조영제 주입 프로토콜의 적용은 조영제에 의한 인공물을 감소시키면서, 불필요한 조영제 사용을 예방하고 조영 증강의 효과는 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.599-604
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• 2002

급성 혹은 만성 대동맥 해리증은 파열을 일으킬 수 있는데 이는 사망의 주요 원인이 된다. 상행대동맥의 해리성 동맥류(Stanford A형 대동맥 해리증)는 극히 드물게 상대정맥으로 파열되어 대동백-상대정맥루를 형성할 수 있는데 대동백-하대정맥루는 복부 대동맥류 환자에서 이따금씩 보고되어 왔다. 최근 상대정맥증후군의 증상을 가진 67세 남자환자에서 CT, MR angiography, 동맥촬영 등 방사선학적 검사결과 Stanford A형 대동맥 해리증 및 대동맥-상대정맥루가 진단되었다. 해리된 동맥류는 절제 후 인조혈관으로 치환되었고 대동맥-상대정맥루는 초저온 순환정지 상태에서 교정되었다. 이에 대해 상세하게 기술하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.69-72
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• 1998

종격동에 발생하는 혈관종은 매우 드문 질환으로 국내외적으로 발표된 예가 흔하지 않다. 본 인제대학교 상계백병원에서는 상대 정맥의 우심방 유입구 상방에 발생한 해면상 혈관종을 수술적 치험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 35세된 여자 환자로써 우측 경부의 낭종성 종괴를 주소로 이비인후과 외래를 방문하여 수술을 위해 촬영한 단순 흉부 방사선상 우측 종격동에 비정상적인 음영이 관찰되어 본과로 전원되어 추가 검사 후 수술적 절제를 시행하였다. 절제한 종괴는 상대 정맥의 우심방 유입구 약 2cm 상방에 약 4x5cm 크기의 해면상 혈관종으로 확진되었으며 수술 후 7일째 퇴원하여 현재 외래 통한 관찰 중인 바, 이상 소견 없이 잘 지내고 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.162-168
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• 1990

Unroofed coronary sinus syndrome is an uncommon anomaly which is caused by incomplete formation of the left atriovenous fold and it is usually associated with persistent left superior vena cava. It may be diagnosed by cardiac catheterization and cineangiography but, if it is not diagnosed, it can bring out significant complications due to right to left shunt, such as brain abscess, cerebral embolism, transient ischemic attack, arterial desaturation and there will reduced patient`s life expectancy. Therefore corrective operation was needed. A case of unroofed coronary sinus syndrome which combines with valvular heart disease was experienced at the department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery of Kosin medical college. The patient was 49 years old female and she complained dyspnea on exertion for 2 yrs. Cardiac catheterization with cineangiography and both superior venacavogram were performed for diagnosis and she was diagnosed as unroofed coronary sinus syndrome combined with mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Surgical correction was accomplished by reroofing of coronary sinus with pericardial patch, closure of atrial septal defect and annuloplasty of both atrioventricular valves. Postoperative results were satisfactory and course of recovery was uneventful. We report a case of unroofed coronary sinus syndrome with review.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2015

Pancoast syndrome (PS) is characterized by a malignant neoplasm of the superior sulcus of the lung with destructive lesions of the thoracic inlet and involvement of the brachial plexus and cervical sympathetic nerves. The most common initial symptom of PS is shoulder pain; however, cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis, signs often associated with lung cancer, are not as common. Investigation of PS can be difficult even with plain radiographs of the chest because it is surrounded by osseous structures such as the ribs, vertebral bodies, and manubrium. Due to these characteristics, orthopedic surgeons tend to make a misdiagnosis resulting in delay of appropriate treatment. Here we report on a patient who was supposed to undergo rotator cuff repair for his shoulder pain and weakness, and was eventually diagnosed with PS.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

Both flow visualizations and computational fluid dynamics were performed to determine hemodynamics in a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) model for surgically correcting congenital heart defects. From magnetic resonance images, an anatomically correct glass model was fabricated to visualize steady flow. The total flow rates were 4, 6 and 8L/min and flow rates from SVC and IVC were 40:60. The flow split ratio between LPA and RPA was varied by 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. A pressure-based finite-volume software was used to solve steady flow dynamics in TCPC models. Results showed that superior vena cava(SVC) and inferior vena cava(IVC) flow merged directly to the intra-atrial conduit, creating two large vortices. Significant swirl motions were observed in the intra-atrial conduit and pulmonary arteries. Flow collision or swirling flow resulted in energy loss in TCPC models. In addition, a large intra-atrial channel or a sharp bend in TCPC geometries could influence on energy losses. Energy conservation was efficient when flow rates in pulmonary branches were balanced. In order to increase energy efficiency in Fontan operations, it is necessary to remove a flow collision in the intra-atrial channel and a sharp bend in the pulmonary bifurcation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2000

Backgroud: Conventional cardiac transplantation with each atrial anastomosis designed by Shumway and associates has been used widely in cardiac transplantation because of its simplicity and efficiency. There have been many reports about the postoperative atrioventricular value regurgitation resulting from the alteration in atrial geometry after cardiac transplantation by Shumway's technique. New surgical technique of direct anastomosis of superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right pulmonary vein and left pulmonary vein was introduced to overcome the those problems. We performed this study to test the feasibility of this new surgical technique prior to application to clinical practice. Material and Method: Conventional cardiac transplantation was performed on 12 mongrel dogs(Group I) and cardiac transplantation with new surgical mthod of direct anastomosis of SVC, IVC, left and right pulmonary veins was performed on 11 mongrel dogs(Group II). After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, we compared the postoperative rhythm, hemodynamic data, and echocardiographic findings between two groups. Result : The cardiopulmonary bypass time and graft ischemic time were 119.0$\pm$4.4 minutes, 162.0$\pm$4.5 minutes respectively in group I, and 140.0$\pm$7.1 minutes, 180.5$\pm$5.4 minutes respectively in group II. The cardiopulmonary time and graft ischemic time in group II were longer than those of group I (p<0.05). There were 3 cases of failure to weaning from cardipulmonary bypass onein group I and two in group II, and this difference was not significant statistically. Sinus rhythm was regained postoperatively in 58% (group I) and 82%(group II), without statistical significant between 2 groups. Postoperative echolcardiography showed 2 cases of tricuspid value regurgitation and 1 case of mitral regurgitation in group I, and no regurgitation of atrioventricular value in group II. Conclusion: Although these was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups, there was tendency of less arrhythmia and less atrioventricular valvular regurgitation in group II. We suggested that the new surgical technique could be a useful strategy in heart transplantation, especially in the case of size mismatching between donor and recipient.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1979

This 3-year-old girl was observed frequent exertional dyspnea and cyanosis at crying since birth. She was not premature baby and delivered at full term normally. On physical examination, she was underdeveloped-body weight 13.5 kg, height 99 cm.- and cyanotic. There was severe clubbing on fingers. There was grade II/VI ejection systolic murmur on left lateral border of the sternum. The preoperative examinations [EKG, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization and biventriculogram] showed that complicated T.G.A. combined vena cava[S.D.D.]. Preoperatively, we decided the corrective surgery of Rastelli operation using a. pulmonary valved conduit. The operation was performed under total circulatory arrest using deep profound hypothermia combining with extracorporeal circulation. On operation, the anatomy of the heart showed that, 1. The subaortic conus was seen and subaortic muscles were hypertrophied. 2. The VSD[type II], behind the subaortic conus-about 1 cm. in diameter, was visible only through LV cavity and, 3. The pulmonary valve ring was hypoplastic and pulmonary valvular stenosis was seen also. The subpulmonic area [LV outflow tract] was obstructed with hypertrophied muscle and mitral valve. 4. Left superior vena cava was drained to RA via coronary sinus. 5. LAD coronary artery was originated from right coronary artery and ran anterior to the pulmonary artery. According to above anatomy, we performed the VSD closure with Teflon patch, and Mustard operation combined with LV-to-pulmonary artery bypass graft using the valve contained [Hancock 16 mm] conduit. Postoperatively, adequate blood pressure could be maintained under the state of using inotropic agent [epinephrine]. On the second postoperative day, the patient died of cardiac arrest due to low cardiac output syndrome, acute renal failure and pulmonary edema.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.203-206
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• 1996

To understand the local fluid dynamics for different desists of Fontan operation, five models were made out of Pyrex glass to facilitate in-vitro study. Model I, II and III have same position of the center of the anastomosis of the IVC( inferior vena cava) with that of the SVC(superior vena cava), but Model IV and V have 10 mm offset between them. Also the anastomotic junction angles are different(Model I and $IV:90^{\circ}$, Model II and $V:70^{\circ}$, Model $III:45^{\circ}$). These models were then connected to a flow loop for flow visualization study. In Model I any dominant vortex was not seen in the central region of the juntion, but a large unstable vortex was created in the Model II and III. In Model IV and V a significant stagnation region was created in the middle of the offset region. It also showed that the flow direction from the IVC and SVC to the LPA(left pulmonary artery) and RPA(right pulmonary artery) highly depends on the offset of the junction rather than the anastomotic junction angle.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 1986

Thirty-two cases of tetralogy of Fallot corrected totally using extracorporeal circulation in this department are presented during the period from April 1983 to Feb. 1986. Types of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction were a case of pulmonic valvular stenosis, 3 cases of infundibular stenosis, and 28 cases of combined type. There were associated anomaly such as 3 cases of pulmonary arterial hypoplasia, 7 cases of atrial septal defect, a case of left superior vena cava, and 2 cases of right side aortic arch. Transannular patch for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction was necessary in 12 cases. Operative death was 6 cases and late death was a case, but other remaining cases followed up over 2 months carried out normal life.