• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2018

The preparation of repeatable and uniformly reconstituted soil specimens up to the specified conditions is an essential requirement for the laboratory tests. In this study for large samples replication, the simultaneous usage of the traveling pluviation and curtain raining technique is used to develop a new method, called the curtain travelling pluviator (CTP). This simple and cost effective system is based on the air pluviation approach, whilst reducing the sample production time, can reproduce uniform samples with relative densities ranging from 25% to 96%. In order to investigate the resulting suitability and uniformity from the proposed method, a series of tests is performed. The effect of curtain traveling velocity, curtain width, drop height, and flow rate on the parameters of the sample is thoroughly investigated. Increase in the curtain velocity and drop height leads to the increase in relative density for the sand specimen. Increase in curtain width typically resulted in the reduction of relative density. Test results reveal that the terminal drop height for the sand specimen in this study is more than 500 mm. Relative density contour lines are presented that can be utilized in optimizing the drop height and curtain width parameters. Sample uniformity in the vertical and horizontal orientation is investigated through the sampling containers. Increasing relative density tends to result in the higher sample repeatability and uniformity.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the consistency of the gliding and push-off motion for single leg skating from the first to fourteenth steps. We hypothesized that: 1) there would be no difference in stroke trajectory, step rate, and cycle rate between the left and right steps of gliding; and 2) there would be a difference in the resultant velocity of toe push-off and the horizontal velocity of the center of mass after six step push-offs. Method: The study included five male 500-m speed skaters (mean height, $1.80{\pm}0.02m$; mean weight, $76.8{\pm}3.96kg$; record, $35.83{\pm}0.30sec$; 100-m record, <9.97 sec). Data were collected from the first to fourteenth steps (40 m) and recorded using five digital JVC GR-HD1KR video cameras (Victor Co., Japan) operating at a sampling frequency of 60 fields/sec and shutter speed of 1/500 sec. For each film frame, the joint positions were digitized using the KWON3D motion analyzer. Position data were filtered with low-pass Butterworth $4^{th}$ order at the cut-off frequency of 7.4 Hz. Results: The right toe of the skating trajectories at $2^{nd}$, $5^{th}$, and $7^{th}$ strokes differed from those of the left toe. The angles of the right and left knee demonstrated unbalanced patterns from the flexion and extension legs. The step and cycle rates of the right and left leg differed from the start until 20 m. The resultant velocities of the toe at the push-off phase and of the body mass center diverged before the six push-offs. Conclusion: This study's findings indicate that the toe of skating trajectory on left and right sliding after push-off should maintain a symmetrical trajectory. The resultant velocity of toe push-off and horizontal velocity from the center of body need to be separated after about six step push-offs.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2008

At present many research projects on high-speed spindles are being conducted. These projects require a measurement technique which includes heat expansion, vibration and displacement measurement according to angular velocity. This paper presents the development of a measurement system for high-speed spindle displacement. The measurement system is based on $LabView^{(R)}$ and features the following sensors: optical sensor which reacts to the position of a marker on the spindle and enables two Laser Displacement Sensors(LDS). These Laser Displacement Sensors send their data to a DAQ(Data Acquisition Device). It is important that the delay time caused by the response times of the sensors as well as the sampling rate of the DAQ is considered because the spindle revolves at very high speeds.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.342-347
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• 1996

The changes of electromagnetic wave velocity in rock were monitored to investigate rock behaviors due to the drill & blasting excavations through georadar tomography during the construction of the underground rock laboratory (5 m wide, 6 m high, and 140 m long) at Mabuk-Ri, Goosung-Myun, Yongin-Si, Kyunggi-Do. Two horizontal boreholes spaced 1.4 m apart were drilled parallel to the test tunnel before excavating it, high-resolution crosshole georadar tomography with about 500 MHz electromagnetic waves was performed at pre-excavation phase (May, 1996) and post-excavation phase (August, 1996). The data were acquired with the combination of 34 sources and 44 receivers with space of 0.3 m. Only 11 continuous receivers were selectively utilized with one fixed source. Sampling interval was 0.4 ns and each trace has 512 samples. The first arrival of each trace was picked manually with a picking software. The total number of rays used in inversion amounted to 34x11 and the size of pixel was determined to be 0.3 m. As an inversion technique, SIRT(Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) was applied in this study. The velocity of electromagnetic waves at post-excavation phase decreased as large as 15% in comparison with that at pre-excavation phase, which may be attributed to the creation of micro-cracks in rock due to excavations and saturation with groundwater. Small amount of borehole deviation made a critical effect in radar tomography. Totally different tomograms were created after borehole deviation corrections.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 탄산화 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성을 예측하기 위한 새로운 접근 방법을 제시하였다. 제시된 예측 방법은, 새로운 계측 데이터가 있을 때 베이스 이론에 근거하여 지속적인 업데이팅이 가능하며 모델 매개변수의 확률론적인 특성이 고려된다. 탄산화 내구성 해석 모델의 절차는 라틴 하이퍼큐브 샘플 추출법(LHS)으로 간단하게 정리되고, 이를 통해 얻는 표본으로 결정된다. 이 방법은 콘크리트 구조물의 설계에 유용하게 사용될 수 있으며, 모니터링을 통한 콘크리트 구조물의 잔존수명을 예측할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 사전예측치는 탄산화에 노출된 국내 콘크리트 구조물 데이터(3700개 시편)를 이용하여 콘크리트 탄산계수의 확률 특성을 고려하여 나타내었으며, 우도함수는 현장 모니터링 데이터를 이용하였으며 사후예측치는 사전예측치와 우도함수를 조합하여 나타내었다. 또한, 몬테 카를로 시뮬레이션(MCS)과 LHS의 비교를 통하여 본 논문에서 수행된 LHS를 이용한 샘플링기법이 보다 효율적인 시뮬레이션 수행이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.326-334
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• 1986

The effects of flow interaction between adjacent sprays in twin-spray system on the spatial distribution of injected liquid (water) and drop size distribution in condensable (steam) environment were carefully observed through experiments. The spatial distribution of injected liquid in twin-spray system appears to be more uniform than the simple superposition of the spatial distributions of liquid obtained from each individual spray. Drop size distribution was obtained by using the immersion sampling technique. It was found that, in the twin-spray, the larger numbers of small drops are collected throughout the spraying region due to the increase of entrainment velocity of ambient steam compared with the case of simple superposition of each individual spray. Moreover, in the overlapped portion of the twin-spray, the drop size distribution was changed also due to the collision between large drops. As a result, the behavior of twin-spray system (and eventually multiple-spray system) can not be predicted precisely by simple superposition of the behaviors of each constituting spray. Hence, for the design of multiple spray system, the effect of flow interaction between sprays should be taken into account seriously.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2003

In the measurement using DMA and CPC in series, there is some time delay for particles classified in DMA to detect in CPC. During this time, the DMA time-response changes due to the velocity profile of sampling tube and the diffusion of particles in the volume that exists between the DMA exit and the detector of ultra-fine CPC. This is called mixing effect. In the accelerated measurement methods like the TSI -SMPS, the size distribution is obtained from the correlation between the time-varying electrical potential of the DMA and the corresponding particle concentrations sampled in DMA. If the DMA time -response changes during this delay time, this can cause the error of a size distribution measured by this accelerated technique. The kernel function considering this mixing effect using the residence time distribution is proposed by Russell et al. In this study, we obtained a size distribution using this kernel to compare to the result obtained by the commercial accelerated measurement system, TSI -SMPS for verification and considered the errors that result from the mixing effect with the geometric mean diameters of originally sampled particles, using virtually calculated responses obtained with this kernel as input data.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.816-821
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• 2003

The pumping characteristics of a disk-type drag pump (DTDP) from free molecular flow region to the slip flow region are calculated by the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In this study, the pumping performance is studied numerically for several channel depths. The interaction between molecules is modeled by variable hard-sphere (VHS). The no time counter method is used as a collision sampling technique. The clearance between rotor and stator is considered an effect on performance. Spiral channels are cut on both upper and lower sides of rotating disks, and stationary disks are planar. A three-dimensional DSMC method for the analysis of steady rarefied flows in a single-stage DTDP has been developed. Velocity and density fields were obtained by the DSMC simulation in the rotor. The present experimental data in the outlet pressure range of $7.5{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}4$ Torr were compared with the DSMC results in the single-stage DTDP. Comparison between the experimental data and DSMC results showed good agreement.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2020

In this study, a particle image velocimetry (PIV)-based pressure estimation method was investigated, with application to the wave-in-deck loading phenomenon. An experimental study was performed in a two-dimensional wave tank using a fixed deck structure under a focused wave, obtaining local pressures by pressure sensors, global loads by load cells, and instantaneous velocity fields using the PIV measurement technique. The PIV-based pressure estimation method was applied using the Euler equation as the governing equation, and the proper time step for the wave impact pressure was studied using the normalized root-mean-square deviation. The pressure estimation method showed good agreement for the local impact pressure in comparison with the measured pressure by the pressure sensors. However, some differences were observed in the peak pressure due to the limitations of the Euler equation and the sampling rate of the measurement system. Using the estimation method, the pressure fields during wave-in-deck loading were determined in the study, with an analysis of the mechanism of impact and negative pressure occurrence.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2010

본 연구는 전산유체역학기법을 통해 화재유동을 수치적으로 모델링하고 화재발열량계 내부의 유동특성과 발열량 측정의 불확실성에 영향을 미치는 주요 측정인자들의 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 수치해석에 이용된 프로그램은 ANSYS사의 CFX 12.1이고 에디소산모델과 P-1 근사법을 적용하여 연소반응과 복사열전달을 해석한다. 수치해석결과 $90^{\circ}$ 곡관이 적용된 배기덕트의 경우 측정면에서 상대적으로 비대칭성이 높은 유동분포를 보였으며 속도장의 편차가 온도나 농도장의 편차에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구를 통해 신뢰성 높은 화재발열량계의 구축을 위한 설계과정을 최적화하고 효율적인 시스템 운영을 위한 기초자료를 제공한다.