• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2013

We designed and implemented a fork-type automatic guided vehicle (AGV) with a laser guidance system. Most previous AGVs have used two types of guidance systems: magnetgyro and wire guidance. However, these guidance systems have high costs, are difficult to maintain with changes in the operating environment, and can drive only a pre-determined path with installed sensors. A laser guidance system was developed for addressing these issues, but limitations including slow response time and low accuracy remain. We present a laser guidance system and control system for AGVs with laser navigation. For analyzing the performance of the proposed system, we designed and built a fork-type AGV, and performed repetitions of our experiments under the same working conditions. The results show an average positioning error of 51.76 mm between the simulated driving path and the driving path of the actual fork-type AGV. Consequently, we verified that the proposed method is effective and suitable for use in actual AGVs.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2023

In urban environments, signals of Global Positioning System (GPS) can be blocked and reflected by tall buildings, large vehicles, and complex components of road network. Therefore, the performance of the positioning system using the GPS module in urban areas can be degraded due to the loss of GPS signals necessary for the position estimation. To deal with this issue, various localization schemes using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, such as gyroscope and accelerometer, and Bayesian filters, such as Kalman filter (KF) and particle filter (PF), have been designed to enhance the performance of the GPS-based positioning system. Among Bayesian filters, the PF has been widely used for the target tracking and vehicle navigation, since it can provide superior performance in estimating the state of a dynamic system under nonlinear/non-Gaussian circumstance. This paper presents a positioning system that uses the double-stacked particle filter (DSPF) as well as the accelerometer, gyroscope, and GPS receiver on the smartphone to provide higher pedestrian positioning accuracy in urban environments. The DSPF employs a nonparametric technique (Parzen-window) to create the multimodal target distribution that approximates the posterior distribution. Experimental results show that the DSPF-based positioning system can provide the significant improvement of the pedestrian position estimation in urban environments.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.7-20
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• 1999

차량의 정확한 위치를 자동적으로 파악하여, 차량위치정보를 필요로 하는 사용자에게 한눈에 파악할 수 있도록 지도정보와 합성하여 제공하는 차량위치파악 시스템에 관한 연구가 다양한 방법으로 발전되어져 왔다. 인터넷과 무선통신의 급속한 기술발전과 편리한 사용성, 경제성을 고려해 볼 때, 인터넷과 무선통신을 연결시킨 차량위치파악 시스템의 발전가능성 및 확장성이 클 것으로 생각된다. 이에 따라 실질적으로 기반 구축이 되어있는 현재 수준의 인터넷과 무선통신을 위성항법과 연결하여 차량위치파악 시스템을 실제로 구축해보고, 현재 제기되는 문제점들과 실시간 차량위치파악시스템을 위해 앞으로 더 개발/발전되어져야 할 기술들을 제시한다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2007

무인자동차는 스스로 목적지와 경유지를 찾아서 항행할 수 있는 이동체이다. 이러한 항행의 성능을 보다 정밀하게 향상시키기 위하여 본 논문에서는 관성항법과 GPS를 융합한 확장형 칼만필터를 적용한 보정 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 확장형 칼만필터의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 무인자동차의 실차실험을 실시하고 그 결과로서 필터의 효율성을 확인하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2007

Autonomous unmanned vehicle is able to find the path and the way point by itself. For the more precise navigation performance, Extended kalman filter, which is integrated with inertial navigation system and global positioning system is proposed in this paper. Extended kalman filter's performance is evaluated by the simulation and applied to the unmanned vehicle. The test result shows the effectiveness of extended kalman filter for the navigation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1950-1958
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• 2016

최근 활발히 연구되고 있는 차세대 지능형교통시스템(C-ITS), 자율주행 자동차 등 교통관련 IT기술 분야에 있어 차량의 위치를 정밀하게 측정하는 기술은 매우 중요하다. 도로위의 차량 측위를 위한 기술은 GPS 가 대표적이나 도심지로 가면 주위에 고층건물이 많아 GPS 신호가 반사되어 심한 경우는 2~300 m의 오차가 발생할 정도로 정확도가 매우 떨어진다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비전기반의 고정밀 차량측위 기술을 제안한다. 개략적인 처리과정은 고정된 카메라로부터 입력받은 영상 속에 관심 영역을 설정한 후 영역 내 차량 객체 검출(Vehicle Detection)을 수행하여 객체가 점유하는 도로영역을 계산, 미리 정의된 Homography변환행렬을 이용하여 지도영상으로 사용할 항공시점(Aerial View) 상의 점들로 변환하여 측위를 수행한다. 측위성능분석결과 평균적으로 약 20cm이내의 높은 정확도를 가지고 있으며 최대 오차역시 44.72cm를 넘지 않았다. 또한 $22-25_{FPS}$ 의 빠른 처리로 실시간 측위가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2013

For the auto-landing operation of an air vehicle, the possibility of auto-landing operation should be first evaluated by testing the navigation performance through a flight test. In general, navigation performance is tested by analyzing north/east/down (NED) errors relative to reference equipment whose precision is about 8~10 times higher than that of a navigation system. However, to evaluate the auto-landing operation of an air vehicle, whether the air vehicle approaches a glide path aligned with the runway, within a specific error, needs to be examined rather than examining the north/east errors of the navigation system. Therefore, the longitudinal/lateral errors of air vehicle heading need to be analyzed. In this study, a method for analyzing the longitudinal/lateral errors of a navigation system was proposed as the navigation performance test method for evaluating the safety during the auto-landing of an air vehicle. Also, flight tests were performed six times, and the safety of auto-landing was examined by analyzing the performance using the proposed method.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2007

The maintenance of a ship is essential for safe navigation and hence regular surveys are prescribed according to the rule of classification societies. A hull inspection is generally performed by professional divers, but it takes a long time and the efficiency is low in terms of time and cost. In this research, a ROV(Remotely Operated Vehicle) named as SNU-ROV(Seoul National University-ROV) is developed to replace the conventional inspection method. In this system, the ROV is intended to be used for inspecting ship and harbor because harbor inspection is merging as a safety measure against any possible terror actions. In order to increase the efficiency of inspection, the ROV must be able to measure the exact position of damages. SNU-ROV has a positioning system based on LBL(Long Base Line). In shallow water such as harbor, however, LBL has bad DOP(Dilution of Precision) in the depth direction due to the limited depth. Thus LBL only can not locate the exact depth position. To solve the DOP problem, a pressure sensor is introduced to LBL and a complementary filter is attached by using indirect feedback Kalman filter. Thus developed positioning system is verified by simulation and experiment in towing tank.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.157-160
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• 2002

For a company operating lots of vehicle, such as taxi companies or delivery company, a system telling the position of each vehicle is essential. Conventional methods are based on personal communication between a operator in head-office and driver at the car. Since driver cannot respond to the communication while he drives or when lie is out of car. the communication often fails. So, a system identifying and reporting the vehicle position offers groat help to those kind of company.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.409-421
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• 2023

In order to develop navigation systems, simulators that provide navigation sensors data are required. A trajectory generator that simulates vehicle motion is needed to generate navigation sensors data in the simulator. In this paper, a trajectory generator for evaluating navigation system performance is proposed. The proposed trajectory generator consists of two parts. The first part obtains parameters from the motion scenario file whereas the second part generates position, velocity, and attitude from the parameters. In the proposed trajectory generator six degrees of freedom, halt, climb, turn, accel turn, spiral, combined, and waypoint motions are given as basic motions with parameters. These motions can be combined to generate complex trajectories of the vehicle. Maximum acceleration and jerk for linear motion and maximum angular acceleration and velocity for rotational motion are considered to generate trajectories. In order to show the usefulness of the proposed trajectory generator, trajectories were generated from motion scenario files and the results were observed. The results show that the proposed trajectory generator can accurately simulate complex vehicle motions that can be used to evaluate navigation system performance.