• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.318-337
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• 2023

This study utilizes system dynamics to examine the effects of fine dust reduction policies on PM10 concentration and health. System dynamics has the advantage of modeling the dynamic and circular relationship between PM₁₀ emission sources, reduction policies, PM₁₀ concentration, and health effect. The study created policy scenarios for Korea's representative fine dust reduction policies - industrial PM₁₀ emission control, diesel vehicle regulation, expansion of electric vehicles, and expansion of parks and green areas - and compared the results with the 2030 baseline if the current trend is maintained. The analysis showed that the policy of supporting electric vehicles reduced PM₁₀ concentration by 0.21 ㎍/m³ and reduced the number of people with circulatory diseases by 494, and the effect was evenly distributed across the country. The industrial emissions regulation scenario resulted in the highest PM₁₀ concentration reduction of 0.22 ㎍/m³, but had a lower reduction in the number of people affected (358) than the EV support strategy, which could be attributed to the fact that this policy had a particularly high PM₁₀ reduction effect in industrial areas such as Danyang-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Sahagu, Busan. As a policy implication, this study suggests that it is necessary to apply fine dust policies tailored to the characteristics of local emission sources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.407-408
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• 2002

This paper presents a split cooling system for a new inline 4-cylinder automotive engine. The split cooling system circulates coolant to the cylinder head and cylinder block separately. The coolant flow in the cylinder block is controlled by a $2^{nd}$ Thermostat installed at the outlet of cylinder block. The $2^{nd}$ thermostat closes when the coolant temperature is low. And this makes the coolant flow in cylinder block nearly stagnant, thereby reducing the coolant-side heat transfer coefficient and raising cylinder bore temperature. The $2^{nd}$ thermostat starts to open when the coolant temperature reaches a specified temperature. The test results on engine dynamometer show improved fuel economy and lower exhaust emission which result from the decrease in friction works and cooling loss. Also, several vehicle tests, with application of the new engine have been performed. Fuel economy improvement of 0.5{\sim}2.0%$ yields from different test modes and details are discussed in this paper.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1313-1320
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• 2011

World Business Council for Sustainable Development(WBCSD) is effort to achieve sustainable development in economic growth, environmental preservation and social development. Being this way, it is essential for developing evaluation tool which quantify to fulfill sustainable development. Eco-efficiency is one of the quantitative tools to evaluate environmental impact and economic aspect. Eco-efficiency, in general term, means creating more value of product or services with less impact to environment. It indicates as environmental impact in denominator and value of product or services in numerator. Eco-efficiency shows how much economic value reveals to unit environmental impact caused by product or service as an indicator. This study aims at developing eco-efficiency indicator of railway industry considering use stage among the entire life cycle stage of KTX and Saemaul train and also, figure out eco-efficiency value through indicator. Therethrough, it is enables to evaluate created value per environmental aspects. Since rail vehicles demands a lot of energy to transport people during use stage, the environmental impact is more significant than other lkfe cycle stages. Therefore, it quantified environmental indicator as CO2 emission and economic indicator as transportation record per a year with an annual income. This study contributes to be used as a tool for quantifying indicator of comparison evaluation in respect of rail vehicle in use stage.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.115-125
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• 2014

In this study, particle composition data for $PM_{10}$ samples were collected every 3 days at Seoul, Korea from August 2006 to November 2007, and were analyzed to provide source identification and apportionment. A total of 164 samples were collected and 21 species (15 inorganic species, 4 ionic species, OC, and EC) were analyzed by particle-induced x-ray emission, ion chromatography, and thermal optical transmittance methods. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to develop source profiles and to estimate their mass contributions. The PMF modeling identified nine sources and the average mass was apportioned to secondary nitrate (9.3%), motor vehicle (16.6%), road salt (5.8%), industry (4.9%), airborne soil (17.2 %), aged sea salt (6.2%), field burning (6.0%), secondary sulfate (16.2%), and road dust (17.7%), respectively. The nonparametric regression (NPR) analysis was used to help identify local source in the vicinity of the sampling area. These results suggest the possible strategy to maintain and manage the ambient air quality of Seoul.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2004

NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons) and fine particles such as P $M_{10}$ and P $M_{2.5}$ were measured at KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) in Seoul for a month from the end of May. At the beginning of June, peak ozones exceeded 100ppb both near KIST and in Seoul while ozone and fine particles decreased from the middle of June due to frequent precipitation. Because the measurement site was close to trees on a hill, isoprene concentration went up to 4.1ppb with an average of 0.76ppb. Toluene was the highest all day long, but particularly high concentration in the afternoon implied a contribution of emission from solvent use as well as vehicle exhaust. Eighty-five percent of P $M_{10}$ was P $M_{2.5}$ on an average since major ions except sea salt, including nitrate, were present within P $M_{2.5}$. Daily variations of pollutants were generally similar except for NMHC. One of major differences in NMHC variation was maintenance of a relative high concentration in rainy day, showing that NMHC were not effectively scavenged by precipitation.ion.ion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

To evaluate the durability characteristics of in-direct injection diesel engine using BDF 20(a blend of 20% biodiesel fuel and 80% diesel fuel in volume), an IDI diesel engine used to commercial vehicle was operated on BDF 20 for 300 hours. Engine dynamometer testing was completed at regularly scheduled intervals to investigate the combustion characteristics, engine performance and exhaust emissions. The engine performance and exhaust emissions were sampled at 1 hour interval for analysis. From the results, the combustion variations such as the combustion maximum pressure($P_{max}$) and the crank angle at which this maximum pressure occurs(${\Theta}_{Pmax}$) were not appeared during long-time dynamometer testing. Also, BSFC with BDF 20 resulted in lower than with diesel fuel. The peak pressure with BDF 20 was higher than that with diesel fuel due to the oxygen content in BDF. And, BDF 20 resulted in lower emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and smoke emissions with a little increase of oxides of nitrogen than diesel fuel. It was concluded that there was no unusual deterioration of the engine, or any unusual change in exhaust emissions during the durability test of an IDI diesel engine using BDF 20.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

The exhaust emissions from diesel vehicle are known to be harmful to human health and environment. Recently, one of the most environment problems is particulate matter. In this study, through the actual exper iment and heat transfer of exhaust pipe in light duty diesel engine equipped with the ceramic filter trap of throttling type, following results are obtained. 1. In case of light duty diesel engine equipped with ceramic filter trap of throttling type, Power and torque of engine were decreased about 5%, compared with the case without trap system. It means that was not so much effect on base engine performance.2. If the length of exhaust pipe when equipping with ceramic filter trap is suitably controlled, the range of regeneration will be expand much more.3. Particulate matter reduction efficiency of ceramic filter trap system was about 70%-80%, so it was proved a good system to reduce particulate matter.In experiment, test was conducted to estimate engine emission in 2,476cc light duty diesel engine which was equipped with ceramic filter trap.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 1993

As the major methanol fueled vehicle exhaust components, formaldehyde & methanol conversion over the existing commercial 3-way catalyst was examined in a labolatory tains different Ag loadings on commercial 3-way catalyst, and german commercial catalysts for methanol engine exhaust manufactured by a commercial manufacturer. Silver catalysts were prepared by the wet impregnation of silver nitrate solution on commercial 3-way catalyst. These catalysts were characterized with BET Surface area and pore size distribution. In general, the formaldehyde(HCHO) conversion of the tested catalysts was similar to that of methanol$(CH_3OH)$. At 100$^\circ$C, which is equivalent to the cold start condition, 5wt% Ag cat. showed the most excellent HCHO and $CH_3OH$ conversion. The order of activity for conversion of HCHO & $CH_3OH$ to carbon dioxide and water vapor was as follows ; 5wt% Ag/3-way cat.>2wt% Ag/3-way cat.>german cat. front(1) > german cat. rear(2) > 10wt% Ag/3-way cat.> commercial 3-wat catalyst. However there was no significant activity difference between those tested catalysts in the hot run condition of 400$^\circ$C. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Ag-modified 3-way catalyst was the most effective and practical catalyst system which could be capable of removal the HCHO and methanol at the special condition of low temperature such as cold start condition.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

Recently, in order to meet the stricter emission regulations, the proportion of after-treatments for vehicle and vessel is increasing gradually. The purpose of this study is to investigate the de-$CH_4$ characteristics of NGOC in front of proposed combined system according to additive catalyst and support ratio. In the case of Pd addition, the de-$CH_4$ performance of 2Pt-2Pd-3MgO/$Al_2O_3$ NGOC was improved by approximately 10 to 20% for the HC components. The de-$CH_4$ performance of 2Pt-2Pd-3Cr-3MgO/$Al_2O_3$ NGOC was higher compared to five kinds of NGOC catalysts, because Cr particle was smaller and dispersion of Pd was increased. The NGOC(Zeolite:$Al_2O_3$(80%:20%)｝catalyst according to support ratio, was improved performance at low temperature region on CO and NO conversion rate.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.868-869
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• 2011

Domestic Foreign automaker's are focused on the high-efficiency, low emission cars development. On the way, the hybrid car is the first priority. Hybrid electric vehicle battery pack configurations, EV Relay one of the key components of the engine driving, to assist in the drive motor to supply electrical energy to the battery is a device for opening and closing of the output device. EV Relay determine the longevity and the replacement cycle, The EV Relay environmental conditions and duty cycle considering the reliability tests are essential requirements of many automotive companies to respond to RFQ, this test is essential. This paper using Maxwell Software for Prediction of the Ev Relay impulse, the theoretical data to obtain the impulse to develop methods for mechanical testing after to take advantage of it.