• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.295-303
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• 1990

우리나라 참깨 생산성의 저조원인의 하나는 파종기와 생육중의 한발을 들 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 참깨 재배시 한발조건에 따른 생리적 반응이나 주요 형질들이 민감하게 반응하는 시기를 구명한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 한발에 의한 참깨의 고사주는 영양생장기는 한발처리 40일 이후부터 생식생장기는 20일 이후부터 나타났다. 2. 영양생장기보다 생식생장의 한발이 피해가 더 컸다. 3. 모든 유용형질들은 영양생장기는 40일 한발까지, 생식생장기는 30일 한발까지 회복이 가능하였으나 그 이후는 거의 불가능하였다. 4. 한발로 인한 참깨의 수량은 한발일수가 연장됨에 따라 감수폭이 컸으며 영양생장기에는 29-80%, 생식생장기에는 49-85%의 감수폭을 보였다. 5. 한발조건에서 등숙율을 제외한 모든 유용형질들은 수량과 고도의 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 6. 한발로 인한 유분함량은 한발일수가 경과함에 따라 52%에서 42%까지 감수하였으며, 영양생장기 보다 생식생장기에서 더욱 감소하는 경향을 보였지만 지방산조성과는 무관하였다. 7. 이상의 결과 참깨는 한발로 인해 stress를 받으면 생육전반에 걸쳐 계속적인 영향을 받아 유용형질들의 완전회복이 불가능하여 수량감소를 가져온다는 사실이 인정되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.1001-1009
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• 2002

쥐손이풀속(subgenus Geranium) 35분류군에 대하여 외부형태학적 형질인 생육지, 뿌리, 줄기의 습성과 분지 형태, 엽서, 엽형, 엽연의 모양, 잎열편과 소열편의 형태, 열편의 갯수, 잎의 두께와 엽질 및 탁엽의 형태 통의 영양형질을 조사하고, 이들의 분류형질로서의 타당성 및 진화경향성을 논의하였다. 잎이 3열편으로 갈라지는 특징에 의해 Wilfordii군이, 생육지가 고산지역인 Farreri군이 나누어지며, 일년생인 특징에 의해 Maculatum군이 구분되어진다. 잎의 배열상태가 호생인 G, tripartitum, G. eriostemon, 및 G. erianthum이 나머지 분류군보다. 원시적이고, 열편이 깊게 갈라진 Sibiricum군과 Pseudosibiricurn군이 보다 분화한 분류춘이라고 생각된다. 본 분류군에서는 잎의 엽형과 소열편의 분 지정도 및 엽연의 모양과 열편의 갯수 등은 개체군 사이에서도 변이의 폭이 일정해 종을 구분하는 좋은 식별형질이라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 1995

Four species of Symphyocladia growing along the coast of Korea were investigated in taxonomic point of view. Characters available for identification of the species were; difference in gross morphology, degree of cortication in vegetative axis, presence or absence of vegetative trichoblasts, and developmental pattern of stichidia. Vegetative structure and reproductive organs in developmental anatomy were similar among species. Branching pattern and occurrence of vegetative trichoblasts adopted for systematic criteria between Pterosiphonieae and Polysiphonieae, and between Symphyocladia and Pterosiphonia were no more confidential. The degree of congenital fusion of laterals with the parent axes was considered as only main character to distinguish Symphyocladia from Pterosiphonia.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.449-460
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• 1992

본 시험은 유ㆍ무한신육형간의 생육 및 수량형질의 차이와 그 변이정도를 구명하여 콩 육종과 재배의 기초자료를 얻고자 '89년에 수원 작물시험장에서 실시하였다. 유한신육형인 황금콩과 장엽콩, 무한신육형인 Clark와 Williams를 공시하여 신육형간의 생육과 수량형질의 차이를 구명한 바 그 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 무한신육형은 유한신육형보다 개화시로부터 정엽전개기까지의 일수가 평균 30일 더 길었으며 개화시 이후 주경절수도 7-8개 정도 더 증가되었다. 2. 유한신육형은 성숙기의 협실과 경의 건물중이 중하부에서 많았으며, 무한신육형은 중간부위에서 많았다. 3. 전 생육기간을 통하여 유한신육형이 무한신육형에 비하여 단립면적당 건립중이 높게 경과하였으나 무한신육형은 영양생장기간이 길고, 생육후기에 있어서 엽면적의 유특능력이 유한신육형보다 컸다. 4. 개체간 변이는 분지형질>주경과 개체전체의 생육 및 수량형질>주경의 형태적형질과 100립중의 순이었다. 5. 초기에 형성되는 생육형질보다는 후기에 성립되는 수량형질의 변이가 대체로 크게 나타났고, 무한신육형이 유한신육형보다 변이가 컸다. 6. 개체내 1립중의 변이계수가 유한신육형은 13.6-13.8%, 무한신육형은 18.5-21.1% 로서 유한신육형이 무한신육형보다 개체내 1립중의 변이가 작아 립의 평균일도가 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2003

An experiment was carried out at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from March to July, 2001 to investigate the effect of biofertilizers on morpho-physiological characters of okra. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. There were nine treatments such as $\textrm{T}_0$ (control), $\textrm{T}_1$ (Azotobacter biofertilizer), $\textrm{T}_2$ (Azospirillum biofertilizer), $\textrm{T}_3$ (Azotobacter+Azospirillum biofertilizers), $\textrm{T}_4$ (Azotobacter+Cowdung 5 ton $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$), $\textrm{T}_5$ (Azospirillum+Cowdung 5 ton $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$), $\textrm{T}_6$(Azotobacter+Azospirillum+Cowdung 5 ton $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$), $\textrm{T}_7$ (Cowdung 5 ton $\textrm{ha}^{-1}$) and $\textrm{T}_8$ (60% Nitrogen). The experimental results revealed that significant variations exist among the treatments regarding morphological characters e.g. plant height, number of leaves/plant, stem base diameter, tap root length, and physiological characters like, root dry weight, leaf area index and crop growth rate. Number of leaves/plant, stem base diameter, root length, root dry weight, leaf area index and crop growth rate were found higher in $\textrm{T}_4$, $\textrm{T}_5$, $\textrm{T}_6$ and $\textrm{T}_8$ than the others. In all the parameters, $\textrm{T}_8$ gave the similar result with biofertilizers in combination with cowdung treatments and $\textrm{T}_7$ showed identical with $\textrm{T}_0$ (control). Biofertilizer treatments had insignificant effect on 1000-seed weight(g). Experimental results mentioned above revealed that morpho-physioligical characters of okra could be modified by the application of biofertilizer+cowdung. However, biofertilizers+Cowdung treatments were comparable to $\textrm{T}_8$(60% Nitrogen) in this study. This suggests that $\textrm{T}_4$ or $\textrm{T}_6$ or $\textrm{T}_5$ were more benificial in environmentally friendly okra cultivation and may be used as an alternative of inorganic nitrogen by saving cost of production and sustaining productivity.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.214-224
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• 2015

The economy of India and so also of many Asian countries depends on bamboos and their uses are not only in domestic items but also in rural housing and raw materials to several industries and germplasm characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering coupled with different biotic agencies and environmental factors. Identification and genetic relationships among accessions of Thamnocalamus falconeri were investigated using morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using 51 vegetative characters and forty two 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish different genotypes hailing from different eco- zones of Garhwal Himalayas (India). The selected primers (12) were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of 79.33% polymorphism was estimated by using 12 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on binary digits i.e. presence (1) or absence (0) of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species whereas genetic relatedness was quite high based on vegetative characters. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters for both of the markers viz. morphology and RAPD belonging to 10 accessions of T. falconeri. Two major clusters were further divided into minor clusters. Cluster based on RAPD marker showed grouping of accessions of closed locality whereas analogy was reported for vegetative traits. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships studies of bamboo for breeding program.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_1호
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• pp.457.2-486
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• 1998

Ecological success of introduced species is frequently attributed to the reproductive characters of those species. We examined the relationship between both flowering season and plant size and reproductive characters in two introduced species of Taraxacum, e.g., T. officinale and T.laevigatum. Seventy six plants of T. officinale and 23 plants of T. laevigatum were randomly tagged from a population at the sungshin Women's University in April of 1997. The size and number of vegetative characters such as rosette diameter, leaf number, and the largest leaf length and width were measured for each plant at the onset of flowering. The infructescence was collected continually from each plant before seed dispersal from April to August of 1997. The number of infructescence per plant, and seed number and total seed weight per infructescence were measured. Mean individual seed weight per infructescence was also obtained. T. officinale possessed larger sized, but smaller number of, leaves than T. laevigatum, thereby resulting in no significant difference in total leaf area. There was a trend that vegetatively larger plants in both of these species produced reproductive characters larger in size or greater in number, except for seed number and total seed weight per infructescence in T. laevigatum. All reproductive characters examined in T. officinale decreased toward the end of flowering season. In T. laevigatum, infructescence number per plant also declined during a flowering season: however, mean seed number per infructescence increaed toward the end of flowering season with no significant seasonal change in the total seed weight per infructescence. T. officinale produced on average about twice as many seeds per plant as T. laevigatum during a growing season. These two Taraxacum species produced quite small seeds in size compared to the endemic species, exhibiting a far better dispersal ability of introduced species. These data demonstrate that most reproductive characters decline in size and number in both species during a long flowering period, but the two species appear to employ different strategies to achieve reproductive success in disturbed habitats.

• ALGAE
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.239-253
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• 2003

The morphotaxonomic characters of the genus Spirogyra were investigated to clarify their taxonomic category and the variation range among species on the basis of comparative morphological and numerical analyses by unialgal cultures and field samples collected from various freshwater habitats in Korea. 25 characters selected on morphological feature of the species were examined on 568 individuals for morphological comparisons and numerical analyses. Width, length and their length/width ratio of vegetative cell, shape of septum, chloroplast number, maximum width, width, length and their length/width ratio of female gametangium, length of male gametangium, size and shape of zygospore, and cell wall ornamentation of the spore showed a comparatively high vector in principal component analysis. In cluster analysis, 15 taxa analysed were divided into 8 major groups by the average taxonomic distance 1.0 level. Considering the morphology and numerical analysis, Spirogyra crassoidea could not be recognized as an independent species, therefore it was treated as a variety of S. ellipsospora. S. koreana (nom. invalidum), recognized as a new taxon, is under the investigation for its clear taxonomic category.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1998

The effects of inflorescence herbivory and flowering time on plant architecture and reproductive yields were examined with a perennial herbacious species, Vicia cracca, occurring in Natick, Massachusetts, USA. Natural herbivory on inflorescences was observed among the total of 157 plants during a growing season. Vegetative and reproductive characters were measured in the field as well as in the lab depending on the characters. Approximately 64% of the plants were subjected to herbivory on inflorescences. Plants were classified into three groups; unbrowsed plants, partially browsed, and totally browsed plants, according to the level of herbivory on inflorescences of each plant. Plants were also categorized by their flowering time such as early vs late flowering plants. Herbivores tended to favor inflorescences on rather small plants, resulting in a pattern of totally contact or partially intact inflorescences on taller plants. The mean number of stems, which was assumed to be a direct result of severe herbivory in this population, differed among herbivory groups. There also was a tendency that plants flowering late in the season had more nodes with more leaves, suggesting that herbivory on stem tips early in the season before flowering might have induced growth of side branches or branchlets along the main stems. Comparison between unbrowsed and partially browsed plants showed that the latter compensated for browsing in terms of numbers of inflorescences, fruits, seeds and seed size (weight), though they did not compensate in flower number. The probability of fruit production (presence vs absence of fruits) and seed weight declined toward the end of the season. These results suggest that resources are deficient at the end of the season. Almost complete reproductive failure in totally browsed plants is attributed to the destruction of inflorescence display and the disadvantage of small vegetative size of those plants. After all, in this population, a moderate level of herbivory on inflorescences did not reduce the maternal fitness of the plants. However, severe herbivory on inflorescences resulted in antagonistic interactions between plants and herbivores.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.133-133
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• 2022

Temperature is a crucial environmental factor for rice cultivation due to the climate change and can influence the rice growth and development. Therefore, the effect of temperature on plant growth characters was examined during the vegetative stage. Plants were grown under three different temperatures: 23℃/13℃ for 18℃, 26℃/16℃ for 21℃ and 29℃/19℃ for 24℃ in the phytotron. The temperature was treated after transplanting and ended in early panicle initiation stage. Heading date of the two varieties were strongly affected by the temperature and were delayed in the 18℃. The plant height in the 18℃ was 21 % shorter than the 21℃ and 24℃ and the tiller and leaf number were increased in the 18℃. All the growth rates of the characters were the slowest in 18℃. The stem dry weight was significantly increased in 18℃. Nitrogen content was increased in the leaves of 18℃ whereas available phosphate and potassium content was found to be increased in the stems of 21℃ and 24℃. OsNRT 2.1 was overexpressed in the leaves and stems of 18℃ and OsNRT2.3a could be expressed in 18℃ and 21℃ temperatures whereas more expressed in 21℃. OsPT1 and OsPT6 could be expressed in the leaf of 18℃ and 24℃ but could be expressed in the stem of 18℃. OsHAK1 and OsHAK5 could be overexpressed in the leaves and stems of 18℃. For hormone, OsCKX2 gene was found to be up regulated in the leaves of 18℃ and OsIAA1 gene could be expressed more in the stem of 24℃.