• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2003

This study is aimed at establishing the categories and items for ecological assessment and evaluation of the environmental friendliness of golf courses in the capital region of Korea. The categories and items for the assessment have been derived based on the existing literature and interviews with golf experts. This study covers 32 golf courses in the capital region of Korea that are available in terms of data and on-site surveys. In order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the environmental friendliness of the golf courses, the assessment area was divided into 4 categories that include a total of 14 sub-categories. The 4 categories encompass 1) location, 2) topography, 3) vegetation, and 4) construction. As its sub-categories, the location category includes current land use and zoning in the National Land Use Management Law. Topography has 2 sub-categories in the damage ratio of existing topography, gradient, cut area, and slope height. The assessment of vegetation is largely based on site surveys in the categories of preservation of the existing vegetation, the use of natural resources and existing trees, the component ratio of native tree species, the multi-layered structure of vegetation, and the utilization of water purification plants. In the aspect of construction, afforestation on tile slopes and the utilization of existing surface soil were evaluated. The examination of comparative analysis among the 10 items as a ratio measure showed that the scores were low in the sub-categories of current land we, the use of existing trees, and the multi-layered structure of vegetation. However, the rating results were satisfactory in the 2 sub-categories including cut area, and the utilization of native tree species. Those proved to be contributing factors in the ecological health of the golf courses. According to correlation analysis of the 10 items to the overall ecological rating of each golf course, the sizes of the 32 golf courses were mainly affected by the damage ratio of existing topography, gradient, preservation of vegetation and slope height. This study has the initiative to conduct an ecological assessment of golf courses in the country based on site surveys. The study results revealed that location factors such as current land use, damage ratio of topography and gradient and topographical factors were the main factors affecting the environmental friendliness of golf courses. This indicates indicating the significance of these factors in the future construction practices of golf courses. Furthermore, this study raises the need for follow-up studies to establish more detailed assessment criteria and to develop assessment techniques for areas such as slope afforestation and water purification plants that need a qualitative approach.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2000

A vegetation purification system was applied to improve water quality of Masan Reservoir in Korea, which was composed of constructed wetlands in series. Five different kinds of macrophytes were planted in each wetland. The system was operated with the condition of low concentrations and high hydraulic loadings. Removal efficiencies(%) of chemical oxygen demand(COD) , total nitrogen(T-N) and total phosphorus(T-P) in this system were 9.0, 12.8, 20.1% , respectively. and removal rates(g/$m^2$/d) were 1.9(COD), 0.34(T-N) and 0.05(T-P) . Comparing this system with other wetlands operated at low hydraulic loadings, average removal efficiencies were low but removal rates were relatively high. Accordingly, this system could be applied to imporve reservoir water quality, because removal rates are more important than removal efficiencies in case of reservoir water quality improvement . However, the removal efficiencies and rates of this system are less than those of the hydroponic biofilter method which is a kind of a constructed wetland and utilize root zones of emergent macrophytes for trapping pollutants. Therefore, it is recommended that this system should be modified to utilize root zones of emergent macrophytes enough to improve reservoir water quality more efficiently.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2016

In order to improve water quality in the Paldang Lake, a riparian vegetation belt, treatment wetland, and artificial floating island were designed for introduction in the upland field, the estuary of tributaries, and the section of water facing mountainous land, respectively. We synthesized vegetation information collected from a reference river and found that herbaceous, shrubby, and tree vegetation zones tended to be dominated by Phragmites japonica, Phalaris arundinacea, etc.; Salix gracilistyla, S. integra, etc.; and S. koreensis, S. subfragilis, and Morus alba, respectively. In our plan, the herbaceous vegetation zone, which is established on floodplains with a high frequency of disturbance, will be left in its natural state. A shrubby vegetation zone will be created by imitating the species composition of the reference river in the ecotone between floodplain and embankment. A tree vegetation zone will be created by imitating species composition on the embankment slope. In the treatment wetland, we plan to create emerged and softwood plant zones by imitating the species composition of the Zizania latifolia community, the Typha orientalis community, the P. communis community, the S. integra community, and the S. koreensis community. The floating island will be created by restoring Z. latifolia and T. orientalis for water purification purposes.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

This study analyzed characteristics of natural and human environments in Chuncheon's Gongji stream, and suggested nature-friendly planning strategies for self-purification of water quality, biodiversity improvement and conservative waterfront recreation. The environmental analysis included streambed structures, floodplain soils, water quality, vegetation, wildlife, and human facilities. Natural colonization of vegetation for the middle section of the study stream was obstructed by a straightened concrete revetment of baseflow channel, and vehicle movement and concrete parking lots across the floodplain. These human disturbances also deteriorated the naturalness of the stream landscape and limited habitation of bird species. However, natural sedimented wetlands in half of the channel width for the lower section of the stream contributed to a desirable vegetational landscape and greater bird occurrence. Based on BOD measurements, water quality of the stream fell under class $II{\sim}III$ of the stream water-quality standard, but it was worse around sewage outlets due to incomplete sewage collection especially during the dry season. Dominant fish species included typical inhabitants of good water-quality streams that are tolerant of adverse habitat changes. Nature-friendly planning strategies were established based on analysis of the environmental characteristics. They focused on not merely spatial zoning and layout divided into four zones - preservation, partial preservation, conservation and use -, but close-to-nature channel revetment techniques, natural water-purification facilities, biotope diversification, and water-friendly recreation and circulation. Strategies pursued both renewal of stream naturalness and hydraulic stability of streamflow by minimizing transformation of natural channel micro-topography and biotope, and by reflecting natural traces of streambed structures such as revetment scour and sedimentation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1998

This study was performed to build up the ecological guidelines to grasp the structure of the vegetation change which is due to river rehabilitation. Anyway, river ecosystem and function has been destroyed owing to river development. It is important that river vegetation supplies ecological corridor and biotope. Two survey sites(Wonsungcheon and Pungseocheon)were investigated in the aspect of plant ecosystem and structure to settle the practical concept of river ecosystem. Each survey site was subdivided to five plots. The site was surveyed through the belttransect method. Wonsungcheon gets more seriously polluted as it runs to the urban area. In other words, there are On the other hand, Pungseocheon has more naturality but its downstream is under the pressure of various wood plants in the upstream area, but downstream area is dominated by naturalized plants such as Bidens frondosa, Panicum dichotomiflorum, etc. Riverbank of downstream has been changed into farm and parking lot. development. It should be preserved definitely because it still has abundant naturality and wetland which formed a biotope. The objective of the research is to find out the river retrogression and maintenance methods based on the riparian vegetation structure. To manage the river ecologically, hydrophytes should be induced partly for natural purification after the riverside is rehabilitated. The vegetation should be induced step by step to restore natural river and steady monitoring and research are required.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.747-757
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the physical, chemical, and structural characteristics of the stream, especially Mugeo and Yeochon which are being changed to ecological stream by Ulsan city, and to acquire the considerations such as the planning element and plan criteria of the streams for making ecological stream system. Water quality, water quantity, vegetation, in stream structures and facilities, and land usage of the streams were investigated and the build up capabilities of ecological stream for the two streams were also analyzed. Planning elements for restoration to ecological stream included physical and biological purification methods in water quality, short term water acquire alternatives in water quantity, and vegetation recovery plan and improvement of habitation environment in ecological system, respectively. Planing elements in physical structures and facilities also included recovery of concrete levee and removal and recovery of covered channel.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2022

Public attention to the indoor environment of underground subway stations, which is a representative multi-use facility, has been increasing along with the increase in indoor activities. In underground stations, fine iron oxide, which affects the health of users, is generated because of the friction between wheels and rails. Among particulate pollutant reduction technologies, plants have been considered as a non-chemical air purification method, and their effects in reducing certain chemical species have been identified in previous studies. The present study aimed to derive the total quantitative and qualitative reduction effects of a bio-filter system comprising air purifying plants, installed in an underground subway station. The experiment proceeded in two ways. First, PM(particulate matter) reduction effect by vegetation biofilter was monitored with the IAQ(indoor air quality) station. In addition, chemical speciation analysis conducted on the samples collected from the experimental and control areas where plants and irrigation using SEM-EDS(scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). This study confirmed the effect of the vegetation bio-filter system in reducing the accumulation of particulate pollutants and transition and other metals that are harmful to the human body.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2023

A subway station is a prominent multi-purpose facility where the quantitative management of fine dust, generated by various factors, is conducted. Recently, eco-friendly air purification methods using air-purifying plants are being discussed, with the focus on biofiltration through vegetation. Previous research in this field has confirmed the reduction effects of transition metals such as Fe, which have been identified as harmful to human health. This study aimed to identify the sources of fine dust dispersion within subway stations and derive an efficient operational strategy for air-purifying plants that takes into account the behavior characteristics of fine dust within multi-purpose facilities. The experiment monitored regional fine dust levels through IAQ stations established based on prior research. Also, the data was analyzed through time-series and correlation analyses by linking it with passenger counts at subway stations and the frequency of train stops. Furthermore, to consider energy efficiency, we conducted component-specific power consumption monitoring. Through this study, we were able to derive the optimal operational strategy for air-purifying plants based on time-series comprehensive analysis data and confirm significant energy efficiency.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.557-562
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• 2000

Estuary lakes constructed for agricultural water resources development projects have encountered eutrophication problems. Natural water purification function of wetland is considered for nutrient removal from inflowing stream. A constructed wetland was designed and installed for pollutant loading abatement in estuary lake Koheung. Combined pond-wetland system was adopted. In this system primary and secondary ponds and six wetland cells were interconnected. Reed and cattail were selected for wetland vegetation and planted in the wetland cells. In this paper, design criteria of the pond-wetland system in temperate weather zone is presented.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.787-797
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• 2003

산지계류수에서의 T-N(총질소), T-P(총인) 및 COD(화학적산소요구량)의 농도와 유출부하의 변화를 파악하고 산림의 수질정화기능을 평가하였다. 충청북도에 있는 시험유역은 면적이 92.5 ha이며 59%의 혼효림과 30%의 침엽수림으로 구성되어 있다. 시험유역의 말단에서 평상시는 10일 간격으로 또한, 1개의 강우사상에 대하여 2-6 시간 간격으로 계류수의 유량과 농도를 1년간 측정하였다. 강우시의 평균농도는 COD만이 유의적인 수준(p<0.05)에서 평상시의 농도보다 높게 나타났다. T-N과 T-P의 평균농도는 식생생육기(5-10 월)가 식생 휴지기(11-4 월) 보다 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 식물에 의한 영양염류 흡수와 토양의 온도상승에 따른 미생물의 활동이 증가하기 때문으로 생각된다. 연간유출부하에 대한 강수시 유출부하의 비는 T-N이 87%, T-P가 83%, COD가 87%로서 연간유출부하 중 강우시의 유출부하가 매우 높게 나타났다. 시험유역의 오염부하 원단위는 T-N이 5.9 kg/ha $\cdot$ yr, T-P가 0.15 kg/ha $\cdot$ yr, COD가 23.9 kg/ha $\cdot$ yr로 산정되었다. 또한, 시험유역에 의한 T-N, T-P 및 COD의 연간제거율은 각각 24, 58, 66%로 나타나, 산림유역이 수질정화기능을 발휘하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.