• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.56.2-56.2
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• 1982

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.295-300
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• 2016

Submucosal infiltration and the topical application of epinephrine as a vasoconstrictor produce excellent hemostasis during surgery. The hemodynamic effects of epinephrine have been documented in numerous studies. However, its metabolic effects (especially during surgery) have been seldom recognized clinically. We report two cases of significant metabolic effects (including lactic acidosis and hyperglycemia) as well as hemodynamic effects in healthy patients undergoing orthognathic surgery with general anesthesia. Epinephrine can induce glycolysis and pyruvate generation, which result in lactic acidosis, via ${\beta}2$-adrenergic receptors. Therefore, careful perioperative observation for changes in plasma lactate and glucose levels along with intensive monitoring of vital signs should be carried out when epinephrine is excessively used as a vasoconstrictor during surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.541-549
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• 2008

Background: Vasoconstrictor-induced reduction in arterial graft diameter can cause significant flow deprivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vasodilator pretreatment on vasoconstrictor-induced blood vessel spasm in vitro. Material and Method: Rabbit brachial arteries (BA) and celiac arteries (CA) were cut into rings $(3{\sim}4mm)$ and suspended with a force displacement transducer (TSD $125C^{(R)}$, Biopac Inc. USA) in a tissue bath filled with 5 mL modified Krebs solution bubbled with 5% $CO_2$ and 95% $O_2\;at\;38^{\circ}C$. The rings were contracted with vasoconstrictors, and the developed tension changes were considered control values. The rings were then pre- treated with $30{\mu}M$ nitroglycerin, nicardipine, verapamil, and papaverine, respectively, for 40 minutes and rinsed with the physiologic buffered salt solution three times every 15 min. The vasoconstrictor-induced tension changes after the previous procedure were considered experimental values. Data are expressed as the percentage tension induced by vasoconstrictors before and after pretreatment with vasodilators. Result: Nicardipine depressed vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine, angiotensin II (All), and U46619 in both the BA and the CA more significantly than did nitroglycerin (p<0.01) and verapamil (p<0.05). Verapamil depressed vasoconstriction induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), All, and U46619 in the BA and by 5HT in the CA more significantly than did nitroglycerin (p<0.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest that both nicardipine and verapamil effectively depressed vasoconstrictor action. Nicardipine is thought to be more effective than verapamil for the prevention of vasoconstrictor action.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2002

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor was purified from Crassostrea gigas. The ACE belongs to the class of metalloprotease. This enzyme plays an important physiological role in regulating blood pressure of the rennin-angiotensin system by converting from angiotensin I to octapeptide angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor and by inactivating bradykinin, which has depressor action. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.357-363
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• 2011

In relieving local pains, ropivacaine has been widely used. In case of their application such as ointments and creams, it is difficult to expect their effects for a significant period of time, because they are easily removed by wetting, movement and contacting. Therefore, the new formulations that have suitable bioadhesion were needed to enhance local anesthetic effects. The effect of drug concentration and temperature on drug release was studied from the prepared 1.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (150MC) gels using synthetic cellulose membrane at $37{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. As the drug concentration and temperature increased, the drug release increased. A linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of the permeability coefficient and the reciprocal temperature. The activation energy of drug permeation was 3.16 kcal/mol for a 1.5% loading dose. To increase the skin permeation of ropivacaine from CMC gel, enhancers such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, pyrrolidones, propylene glycol derivatives, glycerides, and non-ionic surfactants were incorporated into the ropivacaine-CMC gels. Among the enhancers used, polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether showed the highest enhancing effects. For the efficacy study, the anesthetic action of the formulated ropivacaine gel containing an enhancer and vasoconstrictor was evaluated with the tail-flick analgesimeter. According to the rat tail-flick test, 1.5% drug gels containing polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether and tetrahydrozoline showed the best prolonged local analgesic effects. In conclusion, the enhanced local anesthetic gels containing penetration enhancer and vasoconstrictor could be developed using the bioadhesive polymer.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2017

Urotensin-2 receptor (UTS2R) is the most potent vasoconstrictor and plays a major role in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases and becomes a potential target for human pharmacotherapy. Hence, we have performed molecular docking of six antagonists with different inhibitory activity against UTS2R into its binding site. The binding mode of these antagonists was obtained using Surflex dock program interfaced in Sybyl-X2.0. The residues such as GLN278, THR304, TYR305, THR300, LEU299, CYS302, ASP47, TYR100 and THR304 are found in interaction between UTS2R and its antagonists. This study could be useful for identifying and analyzing the important residues involved in binding site of UTS2R receptor.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1980

A number of chemical compounds that modify radiation effects are reviewed, with brief report of our own experiments on radioprotective effect of some vasoconstrictive agents and 5-Thio-D-Glucose. Sulfhydryl compounds(-SH group) and some pharmacologic compounds such as CNS depresants, vasoconstrictive agents and autonomic drugs are known to have radioprotective effect in experimental research and in limitted clinical study, whereas oxygen, hallogenated pyrimidines and metronidazole, etc. have radiosensitizing effect. Author experimentally observed some radioprotective effects of angiotensin II, a strong vasoconstrictor, and 5-Thio-D-glucose in mice.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2006

The plant is used in India as well as several countries since several centuries for treating different types of ailments. The plant is an important constituent of the Ayurvedic Materia Medica and finds mention in several ancient texts including Caraka Sanhita ($6^{th}$ century A.D.) and the Bhavprakasa ($16^{th}$ century A.D.). The scientific studies on this plant have reported several activities of this plant. Though the plant has cardiotonic, vasoconstrictor, sedative, neuro-muscular blocking, and anticancer activities, it is more popular as memory enhancer. Traditionally, a poultice made of the boiled plant is placed on the chest in acute bronchitis and coughs of children. The plant contains saponins: bacosides A and B, hersaponin, sapogenins: bacogenin $A_{1}$, $A_{2}$, and $A_{3}$ stigmasterol, and flavonoids: luteolin and luteolin-7 glucoside, nicotine, brahmine, and herpestine. This review focuses on the scientific data published since 1931.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2012

The aim of present study was to investigate the possible influence and related mechanism of alcohol on the arterial contraction. Vascular contraction involves the activation of thick or thin filament pathway. However, there are no reports addressing the question whether this pathway is involved in alcohol-induced regulation. We hypothesized that alcohol plays a role in vascular contraction evoked by a vasoconstrictor in rat aortae regardless of endothelial function. Denuded arterial rings from male rats were used and isometric contractions were recorded using a computerized data acquisition system. Interestingly, alcohol at a low concentration (3% v/v) inhibited thromboxane $A_2$ or phorbol ester-induced contraction with endothelial function but at a high concentration (10%) didn't inhibit and rather increased the contraction in the denuded muscle. Therefore, alcohol at a low concentration decreases the contraction and alcohol at a high concentration increases the contraction suggesting that additional pathways different from endothelial nitric oxide synthesis might be involved in the regulation of contractility. In conclusion, alcohol has some effect on the regulation of contractility regardless of endothelial function.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.98-104
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• 2018

This study is about dissemination of moxa education using voucher service. Moxa is one of the traditional medicines of Oriental medicine. Moxa is the only medicine in which is characterized by self-management of preventive medicine. Moxa whixh is prescribed in advance when it is healthy can prevent Alzheimer's dementia and cancers. Moxa activates neurotransmitter dopamine system and cerebral vasoconstrictor substance serotonin system, which actively helps to prevent and cure Alzheimer's dementia. Also moxa produces HSP (heat shock protein), which can prevent and treat cancers. Moxa, which costs little, is a strongly effective medicine. Therefore, this study emphasizes the necessity of moxa education and suggests a self-care training program for the reduction of medical expenses. As a methodology for this, moxa education can be done by using voucher service. At the same time, it proposes the establishment of a moxa instructor.