• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2004

One of the major advantages of microsurgical reconstruction for defects of the hand is that these techniques allow for selection of the most ideal tissue to reconstruct a particular defect, thus optimizing the functional and aesthetic outcome. The dorsalis pedis free flap is an excellent reconstructive tool for various hand reconstructions. It has a reliable vasculature with vessels that are relative large on a long pedicle. It provides thin pliable tissue and be innervated by deep peroneal nerve. Coupled with its thinness and pliability, it is ideal for innervated cover of critically sensitive area, especially such as the hand. Thus it can be used as a cutaneotendinous flap, or an osteocutaneous flap. Otherwise, the major criticism with this flap is related to its uncertain vascularity and the donor defect. It is the purpose of this paper to outline our technique of flap elevation and donor site closure and to indicate our current use of this flap in hand reconstruction. We have treated 10 cases (6 burn scar contracture cases, 4 acute hand trauma cases) of hand reconstruction from Dec. 3, 1997 to Mar. 4, 2004 using dorsalis pedis free flap. The key points for sucess in terms of a viable flap and acceptable donor site are the preservation of the critical dorsalis pedis-first dorsal metatarsal vascular axis and the creation of a viable bed for grafting. In addition, we substituted preserved superficial fat skin graft for split thickness skin graft and wet environment was offered for good graft take. Preserved superficial fat skin is defined as composite graft containing epidermis, dermis and superficial fat layer. With sufficient care in flap elevation and donor site closure, a good graft take of preserved superficial fat skin under wet environment can be achieved with no functional disability and minimal cosmetic deformity in donor site. This flap has proved itself to be a best choice for hand reconstruction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 1996

From March, 1983 to June, 1994, twenty-two patients underwent coronary artery and combined operations. The ages of the patients ranged from 42 years to 72 years (mean 60.4$\pm$8.2 years). There were 17 male and 5 female patients. The left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction ranged from 25% to 65% (mean 46.9$\pm$14.2%). Nine patients had mechanical complication of myocardial infarction (MI), of which 5 were LV aneurysm, 3 ventricular septal defect and 1 mitral regurgitation. Nine patients had rheumatic valvular heart disease of whom 7 with aortic valve disease and 2 with mitral valve disease. Two other patients had left atrial thrombi, only one with atrial septal defect a d another with aneurysm of ascending aorta. An average of 2.1$\pm$1.0 bypasses was done, ranging from one to four. There were 3 postoperative complications; 2 perioperative MI and 1 leg wound infection. Among complicated patients, mortality was 1 patient (4.5%) due to low cardiac output syndrome after perioperative MI. With 3 to 136 months follow-up (mean 41.1$\pm$40.2 months), late mortality was 1 patient due to cerebral vascular accident. Among long-term survivors, all patients are in New York Heart Association functional class I or II. Although the number of patients was small, our surgical results were favorable. Therefore we think that coronary revascularization combined with heart operation does not increase the operative risk when associated coronary artery disease is present, and it reduces the occurrence of late death.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.2 s.247
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• pp.152-156
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• 2005

Background: Occlusive complications after arterial revascularization are difficult to treat and have high recurrence rate. This study was performed to establish an effective treatment modality and to evaluate the factors affecting the occlusive complications by analysis of clinical data. Material and Method: During the period of 5 years. 33 patients (55 reoperations) were studied at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital following 173 arterial revascularization surgeries. The clinical characteristics, operating methods, the time intervals of reoperation, used graft, and the results of treatment were evaluated retrospectively. Result: All the patients were men except one and the mean age was 63.5 years old. The mean time internal from first operation to reoperation was 11.9 months. The cause of arterial occlusive diseases were 28 atherosclerosis and 5 Burger's diseases, Associated diseases were Hypertension $(57.6\%)$, Diabetes mellitus $(33.3\%)$, heart failure $(18.2\%)$, and so on. The mean rate of reoperation was 1.67 times and the most common type of first operation was femoro-popliteal bypass grafting $(57.6\%)$. The graft that used revascularization surgery were 25 cases of PTFE and 6 case were Dacron. There was no statistical difference between two groups. The kinds of reoperations were thrombectomy in 20 cases, angioplasty 18 cases, re-bypass surgery in 13 cases, and lumbar sympathectomy in 4 cases. The results of reoperation were 15 cases of functional recovery, 7 cases of limb salvage, 5 cases of above-knee amputation. 3 cases of below-knee amputation and 3 deaths. Conclusion: The main cause of occlusive complications are occlusion of inflow or outflow artery. Treatments were different according to the first operation methods and graft used. The most frequent time of reoperation was within one year after the first operation. We believe that graft surveillance especially during the first year is very important factor in observing the patient. We can look forward to improving limb salvage rate to perform additional treatment such as radiological interventions and lumbar sympathectomy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1981

Populus glandulosa and Populus tomentiglandulosa, which were known to be natural hybrids, were examined for morphological, physiological and karyological traits to illucidate its hybridity and taxonomical importance. The results abtained were as follows; 1. Survival rate in rooting of cuttings and grafting was different between the hybrids and their rooting abilities showed incomplete dominance. 2. Their leaf openings showed incomplete dominance. The leaf longevities of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa were stronger than the other hybrids. 3. There were differences in resistance to toxicity of $KClO_3$ between the hybrids. 4. Many external leaf characters of the hybrids also showed incomplete dominance. P. tomentiglandulosa was similar in those characters to P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa while P. glandulosa was similar to hybrids crossed, reciprocally crossed or back-crossed between P. davidiana and P. alba. 5. Their numbers of male flower showed incomplete dominance or hybrid vigor. The numbers of P. tomentiglandulosa were similar to thosa of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa while those of P. glandulosa to those of P. alba ${\times}$ davidiana or P. davidiana ${\times}$ alba. 6. Morphology and band color of male catkin bract showed incomplete dominance. Those of P. glandulosa were similar to those of P. alba ${\times}$ davidiana while those of P. tomentiglandulosa to those of. P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa. 7. There were differences in vascular bundle number and arrangement of petiole between the hybrids. 8. Differences in the anatomical traits of stem did not exist between the hybrids but those in wood fiber size existed. 9. The chromosomes of artificial hybrids, P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed irregular behavior in metaphase I and II. 10. All hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed small number of P.M.C. with 19 II but many univalent chromosomes were exhibited in metaphase I. 11. All hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed a little abnormal nuclear plates as laggard chromosome and chromosome bridge in anaphase I and II. 12. The frequency of pollen tetrad and fertile pollen was low in most of the hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2003

To know the feasibility of the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) for multivessel coronary artery disease with purely bilateral internal thoracic arteries (ITAs), we analyzed the short-term clinical results and the coronary angiography of the patients. Material and Method: From March 2001 to June 2002, four hundred and five patients underwent CABG. Purely bilateral ITAs were used in 159 patients (39.3%). We analyzed these patients retrospectively The mean age of these patients was $61.2{\pm}8.5$ (range: 30 ~80) years and there were 123 male patients. The preoperative risk factors were as follows: diabetes in 54 patients (34.0%), history of acute myocardiac infarction within 4 weeks in 29 (18.2%), and emergency operation in 6 (3.8%). Off-pump CABG was carried out in 128 patients (80.5%). Associated procedures were mitral valvuloplasty (5), aortic valve replacement (3), Dor procedure (1), and so on. Result: The mean number of distal anastomoses was $3.1{\pm}0.9$ (range: 2~6), the mean duration of hospital stay was $8.4{\pm}4.5$ days. There was one (0.6%) operative death. Except for one early death, no other patients suffered from low cardiac output. The other postoperative complications were occurred as follows: reoperation due to bleeding in 3 patients, perioperative myocardiac infarction in 1, transient cardiac arrest in 2, transient cognitive dysfunction in 7, and transient ischemic attack in 1, and deep sternal wound infection in 1 patient. Recently, early postoperative angiography was performed in 19 patients who had triple vessel disease. The total number of distal anastomosis was 78 (mean $4.1{\pm}0.8$/patient). All distal anastomosis sites were patent, but competition flow was observed at the bypass sites where the native coronary artery stenosis was not significant. Conclusion: The CABG with purely bilateral ITAs for triple vessel disease was performed safely. The early patency rate was relatively good in small number of patients. However the long-term patency rate and the functional study to evaluate the sites where competition flow was observed should be followed.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate a method for producing cultured virus - free ovules for breeding high - quality Citrus cultivars. Ovules from the immature fruits of three citrus cultivars native to Jeju (Dongjeongkyool, Cheongkyool, and Jikak) and two cultivars of Citrus unshiu Marc. (Miyagawa wase and Haryejosaeng) that were thought to be infected with Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were cultured on MS2 medium (Murashige - Skoog [MS] basal medium containing $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ malt extract, $50g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose, $1.0 mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin, and $8g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ agar). After four weeks of culture, 10, 21, 13, 5, and 7 somatic embryos and 2, 4, 2, 4, and 5 white callus cells (surrounding green somatic embryos) were obtained from Dongjeongkyool, Cheongkyool, Jikak, Miyagawa wase, and Haryejosaeng, respectively. After six weeks of culture, somatic embryos were obtained from cultured cells grown on MT basal medium supplemented with malt extract ($500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), lactose ($70g{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and agar ($16g{\cdot}L^{-1}$). Over 60% of the somatic embryos from citrus cultivars native to Jeju developed into normal plants on MS basal medium supplemented with malt extract ($500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), sucrose ($50g{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and agar ($8g{\cdot}L^{-1}$) after 10 weeks of culture. Normal plants were regenerated from two Citrus unshiu Marc. cultivars on MT basal medium supplemented with sorbitol (1.0 M), galactose (1.0 M), $GA_3$ ($1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and Gelrite ($3g{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The absence of virus in plants generated from cultured ovules was confirmed by RT - PCR and antigen - antibody reactions. Therefore, virus - free Citrus cells can be obtained for breeding high - quality citrus cultivars using the biotechnological technique evaluated in this study.