• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.453-460
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• 2013

Objective : There is a rich literature confirming the default mode network found compatible with task-induced deactivation regions in normal subjects, but few investigations of alterations of the motor deactivation in patients with intracranial lesions. Therefore, we hypothesized that an intracranial lesion results in abnormal changes in a task-induced deactivation region compared with default mode network, and these changes are associated with specific attributes of allocated regions. Methods : Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a motor task were obtained from 27 intracranial lesion patients (mean age, 57.3 years; range 15-78 years) who had various kinds of brain tumors. The BOLD fMRI data for each patient were evaluated to obtain activation or deactivation regions. The distinctive deactivation regions from intracranial lesion patients were evaluated by comparing to the literature reports. Results : There were additive deactivated regions according to intracranial lesions : fusiform gyrus in cavernous hemangioma; lateral occipital gyrus in meningioma; crus cerebri in hemangiopericytoma; globus pallidus, lateral occipital gyrus, caudate nucleus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, claustrum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus in GBM; fusiform gyrus in metastatic brain tumors. Conclusion : There is increasing interest in human brain function using fMRI. The authors report the brain function migrations and changes that occur in patients with intracranial lesions.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 2004

The main purpose of this paper is to review the research on the border region, especially herein to consider theoretical models critically and then to gain the implication for appropriate analytical framework or rather theoretical model on the basis of the findings. Through the review of various literature, major finding are as follows. First, the term of border or frontier was used in a rather ambiguous way. Second, the early models in the border region research have been developed to explain barrier effects, of which the border was considered to playa role. However, as border regions change from the closed regions to the opened ones, more adequate models have accordingly been developed. Third, there were several attempts to typify border regions and they tend to focus on the issue of regional development of the regions. Fourth, according to the case studies of the border region research, many border regions are not in isolation or peripheral position any more. Rather they are transformed into potentially prosperous regions through the support of authority as well as inter-regional cooperation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.609-623
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• 2013

Fluctuation patterns of groundwater level as a factor that reflects the characteristics of groundwater system can be categorized as the various types of aquifer with the time-series data. Time-series data on groundwater level obtained from 115 monitoring wells in Jeju Island were classified according to variation types, which were largely affected by rainfall(Dr), rainfall and pumping(Drp), and unknown cause(De). Analysis results indicate that 106 wells belong to Dr and Drp and the ratio of the wells with the wide range of fluctuation in the western and northern regions was higher than that in the eastern and southern regions. From the results that Drp is relatively higher than Dr in the western region which has the largest agricultural areas, groundwater level fluctuations may be affected significantly due to the intensive agricultural use. Non-parametric trend analysis results for 115 monitoring wells show that the increasing and decreasing trends as the ratio of groundwater levels were 14.8% and 22.6%, respectively, and groundwater levels revealed to be increased in the western, southern and northern regions excluding eastern region. Results of correlation analysis that cross-correlation coefficients and the time lags in the eastern and western regions are relatively high and short, respectively, indicate that the rainfall recharge effect in these regions is relatively larger due to the gentle slope of topography compared to that in the southern and northern regions.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.887-893
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new approach to extract directional features based on directional patterns of each region in fingerprint images. The proposed approach computes the center of gravity to extract features from fingerprint images of various shapes. According to it, we divide a fingerprint image into four regions and compute the directional values of each region. To extract directional features of each region from a fingerprint image, we spilt direction values of ridges in a region into 18 classes and compute frequency distribution of each region. Through the result of our experiment using FVC2002 DB database acquired by electronic devices, we show that directional features are effectively extracted from various fingerprint images of exceptional inputs which lost all or part of singularities. To verify the performance of the proposed approach, we explained the process to model Arch, Left, Right and Whorl class using the extracted directional features of four regions and analyzed the classification result.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Analysis via classical soil mechanics theory is either ineffective or inappropriate for fully describing stress distribution or failure conditions in cold regions, since mechanical properties of soils in cold regions are different from those reported in the classical soil mechanics theory. Therefore, collecting and analyzing technical data, and systematic and specialized research for cold regions are required for design and construction of the structure in cold regions. Freezing and thawing repeat in active layer of permafrost region, and a loading condition affecting the structure changes. Therefore, the reliable analysis of mechanical properties of frozen soils according to various conditions is prerequisite for design and construction of the structure in cold regions, since mechanical properties of frozen soils are sensitive to temperature condition, water content, grain size, relative density, and loading rate. In this research, the direct shear apparatus which operates at 30 degrees below zero and large-scaled low temperature chamber are used for evaluating shear strength characteristics of frozen soils. Weathered granite soil is used to analyzed the shear strength characteristics with varying freezing temperature condition, vertical confining pressure, relative density, and water content. This research shows that the shear strength of weathered granite soil is sensitively affected by various conditions such as freezing temperature conditions, normal stresses, relative densities, and water contents.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a novel method to solve the problem of excessive segmentation out of the method of segmenting regions from an image using Homogeneity Threshold($H_T$). The algorithm of the previous image segmentation based on $H_T$ was carried out region growth by using only the center pixel of selected window. Therefore it was caused resulting in excessive segmented regions. However, before carrying region growth, the proposed method first of all finds out whether the selected window is homogeneity or not. Subsequently, if the selected window is homogeneity it carries out region growth using the total pixels of selected window. But if the selected window is not homogeneity, it carries out region growth using only the center pixel of selected window. So, the method can reduce remarkably the number of excessive segmented regions of image segmentation based on $H_T$. In order to show the validity of the proposed method, we carried out multiple experiments to compare the proposed method with previous method in same environment and conditions. As the results, the proposed method can reduce the number of segmented regions above 40% and doesn't make any difference in the quality of visual image when we compare with previous method. Especially, when we compare the image united with regions of descending order by size of segmented regions in experimentation with the previous method, even though the united image has regions more than 1,000, we can't recognize what the image means. However, in the proposed method, even though image is united by segmented regions less than 10, we can recognize what the image is. For these reason, we expect that the proposed method will be utilized in various fields, such as the extraction of objects, the retrieval of informations from the image, research for anatomy, biology, image visualization, and animation and so on.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.50-54
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• 2014

Objectives: Digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) has been used widely for various inflammatory diseases, circulatory diseases, skin diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and cancers. In cases of ligament injury, obviously the temperature of the damaged area increases due to local inflammation; however, whether the temperature also increases due to DITI has not been determined. The purpose of the present study was to identify whether or not the changes of temperature in patient's with medial collateral ligament injury were really due to infrared thermography and to determine the applicability of DITI for assessing ligament injuries. Methods: Twenty patient's who underwent DITI for a medial collateral ligament injury from September 2012 to June 2014 were included in the current study. The thermographic images from the patient's knees were divided to cover seven sub-areas: the middle of the patella, and the inferomedial, the inferolateral, the superomedial, the superolateral, the medial, and the lateral regions of patella. The temperatures of the seven regions were measured, and the temperature differences between affected and unaffected regions were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The 20 patient's were composed of 14 women (70%) and 6 men (30%), with a mean age of $62.15{\pm}15.71$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation (SD)) years. The temperature of the affected side, which included the middle of the patella, and the inferomedial, the superomedial, the superolateral, and the medial regions, showed a significant increase compared to that of the unaffected side (P < 0.05). The inferolateral and the lateral regions showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that DITI can show temperature changes if a patient has a ligament injury and that it can be applied in the evaluation of a medial collateral ligament injury.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2009

PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) is an optimization algorithm in which simple particles search an optimal solution using shared information acquired through their own experiences. PSO applications are so numerous and diverse. Lots of researches have been made mainly on the parameter settings, topology, particle's movement in order to achieve fast convergence to proper regions of search space for optimization. In standard PSO, since each particle uses only information of its and best neighbor, swarm does not explore diverse regions and intended to premature to local optima. In this paper, we propose a new particle's movement strategy in order to explore diverse regions of search space. The strategy is that each particle moves according to relative weights of several better neighbors. The strategy of exploring diverse regions is effective and produces less local optimizations and accelerating of the optimization speed and higher success rates than standard PSO. Also, in order to raise success rates, we propose a strategy for checking whether swarm falls into local optimum. The new PSO algorithm with these two strategies shows the improvement in the search speed and success rate in the test of benchmark functions.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.45-53
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• 1979

Bone scans with $^{99m}Tc$-MDP (methylene diphosphonate) was analysed in 112 patients with various type of biopsy proven malignant tumor who visited Seoul National University Hospital from March 1979 to August 1979. The results were as follows; 1. Of the 112 cases, bone scans were positive in 61 cases (54.1%), while only 27 cases (24.1%) were positive in roentgenogram. 2. Of the 61 cases with positive bone scan, bone metastases were found in 25 cases by roentgenogram. Of the 51 cases with negative bone scan, bone metastasis was found in only 1 case by roentgenogram. 3. In comparison of bone scan and roentgenogram by number of regions, 137 regions were positive in bone scan or roentgenogram. Of these, 46 regions (33.5%) were both bone scan and roentgenogram positive, 89 regions (65.0%) were bone scan positive roentgenogram negative, and 2 regions were bone scan negative roentgenogram positive. 4. Bone scan and roentgenographic findings had significant correlation with the presence of bone pain but no significant correlation with the elevated level of serum alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Ca, and P. From above result, we found that bone scan was more sensitive than roentgenogram in early detection of bone metastasis in malignant tumors.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.855-862
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• 2017

The Republic of Korea has achieved rapid growth in economic, cultural and social through the development policy over the past half-century. However, principle of the nodal system has made an overgrown city and underdeveloped regions. A range of policies have been introduced aimed at underdeveloped regions. But many problems were found in policies. Because government ministry and public services were many and various. In addition, development priority are not based on objective index, Distribution business for the local government have been carried out. A study of the Index selection of the existing regions, has been large-scale center analysis. Thus, the difficulty is often in selecting the priorities of small unit operations. It is difficult to reach a selection of business to region priorities. Accordingly I want to be used as material for the efficient development of rural areas through the selection of indicators for a small areas. Intend to use the decision support system for the efficient development of small underdeveloped areas through index selection for a small and underdeveloped regions.