• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.421-425
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• 1990

본 실험에서는 균주의 특성에 따른 유산균수 시험방법의 적합 여부를 알아보기 위해 액상요구르트 제품들을 유효기간 중 여러 실험조건으로 비교 검토하였다. 비교한 실험조건은 배지(BCP, Elliker agar), 배양상태(aerobic, anaerobic), 희석수(saline, phosphate buffer), 희석방법 (10배, 100배)이었으며 $37^{\circ}C$에서 72시간 배양하였다. L. acidophilus 균주를 사용한 액상요구르트의 경우, 배지와 희석방법에 따른 차이는 거의 없었고 희석수와 배양상태에서는 약간의 차이가 있었다. L. jugurti 균주와 L. acidophilus +L. casei 혼합균주의 생우 배지 배양상태, 희석수에서 차이가 있었고 희석방법에는 거의 차이가 없었다. L. casei의 경우 배지, 희석방법에서 약간의 차이를 나타했으며 배양상태는 유산균수에 영향이 없었다. L. bulgaricus의 경우는 배지, 배양상태, 희석방법에 따라 차이가 있었고 희석수는 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 요구르트의 유산균수 측정은 균주의 종류에 따라 가장 좋은 실험조건을 선택하여 실시하는 것이 효과적인 시험방법으로 사료된다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1997

The various culture conditions of Trichoderma viride(ATCC 3454) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium(ATCC 26921) with glucose-pepton medium, Mandels medium, YMG medium for wood degradable enzyme were examined. Mycellium of the two species grew profusely on glucose-pepton medium. Maximum fungal growth was observed about 10days. But CMCase, Fpase, laccase activity in the culture medium with glucose-pepton was not detected. When grown in fermenter culture using Mandels medium, Trichoderma viride produced CMCase and Fpase. Its CMCase activity was 0.15 lU/ml and Fpase activity was 0.3 IU/ml within about 4-6days. Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in a YMG medium gave the best enzyme activity when they were grown under stationary culture with an atmosphere of 100% oxygen. Levels of laccase activity of 3.0 mull were achieved in stationary culture under 100% oxygen. The enzyme condensation by ultrafiltration method caused a 2-fold(cellulase) and 6-fold(laccase) as compared to control activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1071-1078
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• 2007

Using a 50-1 airlift bioreactor, for the effective production of tylosin from Streptomyces fradiae TM-224 using raw cornmeal as the energy source, various environmental factors were studied in flask cultures. The maximum tylosin concentration was obtained at $32^{\circ}C$ and pH between 7.0 and 7.5. When seed was inoculated after 24 h of culture, the maximum tylosin concentration, 5.7 g/l, was obtained after 4 days of culture. Various concentrations of raw cornmeal were tested to investigate the optimum initial concentration for the tylosin production. An initial raw cornmeal concentration of 80 g/l gave the highest tylosin concentration, 5.8 g/l, after 5 days of culture. Of the various nitrogen sources, soybean meal and fish meal were found to be the most effective for the production of tylosin. In particular, with the optimal mixing ratio, 12 g/l of soybean meal to 14 g/l of fish meal, 7.2 g/l of tylosin was obtained after 5 days of culture. To compare raw cornmeal and glucose for the production of tylosin in the 50-1 airlift bioreactor for 10 days, fed-batch cultures were carried out under the optimum culture conditions. When raw com meal was used as the energy source, the tylosin production increased with increasing culture time. The maximum tylosin concentration after 10 days of culture was 13.5 g/l, with a product yield from raw cornmeal of 0.123 g/g of consumed carbon source, which was about 7.2 times higher than that obtained when glucose was used as the carbon source.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.231-250
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• 1998

Living culture, which is a pattern of peoples' everyday living, is influenced by the socio-economic conditions as well as ideology of the society. South and North Korean societies have been segregated during the past 50 years with different socio-economic conditions and idelogies, resultsing different living cultures, even though those two societies share the same traditional culture. This project was developed to identify the differences in living cultures between South and North Korean societies, and to make suggestions for their successful integration. The second part of the project was concentrated on finding out the current living culture of North Korean families. Based on indepth interview with ten people who escaped from North Korea after 1990, empirical survey with 158 subjects was conducted. The subjects with various demographic backgrounds were asked about lifestyles concerning family living, child rearing, consumption, time management that they experienced when they were in North Korea. This study revealed differences in many aspects of living cultures of South and North Korea, and relationships were suggested in four lifestyles. This study was intended to provide ground for more information to the following study that will explore the cue of integration between South and North Korean societies in living culture.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1996

Streptoccus Pneumoniae (pneumococcus), the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia, has an ample polysaccharide (PS) capsule that is highly antigenic and is the source of PS vaccine. This investigation was undertaken to optimize the culture conditions for the production of capsulard PS by type 1 pneumococcus. Among several culture media, brain heart infusion (BHI) and Casitone based media were found to support luxuriant growth of pneumococcus type 1 at the same level. Because BHI medium is rather expensive and more complex than the Casitone based media, the Casitone based media was uwed to study optimization of the culture condition. The phase of growth which accomodated maximum PS production was logarithmic phase. Concentrations of glucose greater than 0.2% did not ehnahce growth or PS production. Substitution of netrogen sources with other resources or supplementation of various concentrations of metal ion (with the exception of calcium ion) had adverse affects on growth and PS production. On the other hand, low level aeration was beneficial for increased PS production. Addition of 3 mg/1 concentration of methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine were found to enhance growth and PS production. The synerigistic effect of all the favorable conditions observed in pneumococcal growth assays provided a two-fold cummulative increase in capsular PS production.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 1977

Relationship of soil properties and seasonal variation on microbilogical population to-continuous culture and first-time culture of ginseng was investigated by bimonthly from May 1976 to January 1977. pH and P contents of 2 years continuous culture of soil were higher than other culture plot of soil, and contraty to the above, 2 years first-time culture of ginseng soil was conplot of soil, and contraty to the above, 2 years first-time culture of ginseng soil was contained more potassium contents than other culture plot of soil. In microbiological fluctuation with seasonr in various soil conditions, the population, trends of Fusarium spp., Erwiniaspp., and flourescent Psedudomonas spp. were increased in May and July in general, but decreased in the other month. It was observed that in all type of soil, Fusarium spp. was distributed in abundance in and on rihizosphere, and decreased the propagules numbers as soil depth increase. The numbers of Erwinia spp. and fluorescent Pseudo-monas spp. were distributed greater in numbers on the surface zone of soil depth decreasing the numbers along the soil layer increase, and also in 2years continuous culture of soil especially, a great numbers of Erwinia spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonas were evenly distributed in surface zone and rhizosphere. Ginseng disease with a high incidence of bacterial disease in continuous culture of 2 and 4 years was seemed to be associated with soil bacteria that was high in numbers of Erwinia spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in May and July.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2018

In the last several decades, cell therapy research has increased worldwide. Many studies have been conducted on cell therapy, and have revealed that transplanted cells did not survive for long, and implanted cells remained inactive causing immune rejection depending on the patient's condition. Therefore, studies on cell-free therapy need to be conducted. To overcome these limitations, an alternative is the use of supernatant from cells, called "conditioned media (CM)." During in vitro cell culture, culture media supply nutrients to maintain cell characteristics and viability. In the culture, cells not only consume nutrients but also release beneficial proteins and substances, which are called "secretome." CM from cells can be stored for a long time and is easy to handle. Moreover, secretome in CM can also be measured; exact amount of secretome is important to set the standard value for disease treatment. Here, we reviewed studies on CM and confirmed that various secretomes from CM were identified in these studies. Moreover, these findings could benefit cell and animal studies in future. In conclusion, CM could be a potential candidate for an alternative to cell therapy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2000

To develop an efficient propagation method for yew tree, zygotic embryos were cultured under various conditions. When dissected embryos were cultured on GA$_3$ containing media, the highest germination frequency was observed on WPM medium contaning 1.0 mg/L GA$_3$. For germination of the embryos, two different conditions were compared; culturing embryos with endosperm (Method I), and 2) culturing embryos only (Method II). Maximum germination was achieved in 0.5 mg/L GA$_3$ when embryos with endosperm were cultured on the media. Of the media tested, White and WPM medium were the most suitable on germination of embryos. The abnormality of yew embryos found was observed when it cultured on GA$_3$ or culture media. About 40% of the precociously germinated embryos could be developed into full seedlings. Seedlings contained taxol in high quantity (535 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g dry weight). In vitro techniques will be sewed as a useful tool for the development of transformed root cultures and biosynthesis studies.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.429-435
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• 1989

A bacterial strain of Brevibaterium sp. CH1 was isolated and used to produce an enzyme (nitrile hydratase) necessary for earring out the bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide. The culture and reaction conditions, and medium optimization were studied for the strain. The conversion yield was nearly 100％ with a trace amount of acrylic acid produced. The strain showed strong activity of nitrile hydratase toward acrylonitrile and extremely low activity of the amidase toward acrylamide. We sought optimum culture conditions for the formation of nitrile hydratase by Brevibacterium sp. CH1. The effects of temperature and pH on the activity of free and immobilized tells were investigated. The nitrite hydratase of Brevibacterium sp. CH1 acted not only on various aliphatic nitrites such as acrylonitrile, propionitrile and acetonitrile, but also on aromatic nitrile as nicotinonitrile.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.409-413
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• 2002

Thioltransferase, also known as glutaredoxin, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a variety of disulfide compounds. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, two thioltransferases were reported and the cDNA of one of the thioltransferases (thioltransferase-1) was cloned. Using a Northern blot assay, we investigated the thioltransferase transcription in response to various stress conditions. When the culture was shifted to a high temperature, the thioltransferases transcription was not significantly changed compared to the unshifted $30^{\circ}C$ culture. Treatment of zinc chloride to exponentially-growing cells remarkably increased the thioltransferase transcription, whereas the treatment of mercury chloride greatly reduced the transcription. Treatment of hydrogen peroxide and cadmium chloride caused no significant effects on the transcription of the thioltransferase. These results suggest that the transcription of thioltransferase-1 in S. pombe is induced in response to metal stress that is caused by zinc chloride, but not in response to heat stress or oxidative stress that is caused by hydrogen peroxide.