• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

Purpose; The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure sexual satisfaction in Korean adults. Method: Development of items for the instrument was done by a collecting, reorganizing, reducing and selecting process based on the literature. A total of 19 items were selected in this process. For evaluation of the appropriateness of the 19 items, questionnaires were given to an expert group consisting of 18 professionals (7 men and 11 women). Eighteen items having a response of 70% in 'very good' item or 'good' item were included as items for the instrument. With these 18 items, a 5 point Likert scale was developed, and reliability and validity tests of the scale were done. The subjects for the test were 1,127 Korean adults living in 11 areas in Korea, Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2000 to Feb. 28, 2001 and analyzed with SPSS/PC+ 10.0 program. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Chronbach alpha and corrected item-total correlation were obtained to verify internal consistency, and principal component analysis with the varimax rotation was used to identify structure validity of the developed tool. Result: Reliability of the scale was .9503 and corrected item-total correlations of the items were distributed from .5208 to 7899. As a result of the factor analysis, the items were categorized into three factors. The cumulative variance of the three factors was 67.1%, and all of the variances of the factors were above 5%. Because factor 1 (8 items) indicated a special feeling of psychological satisfaction with sexual activity, it was named 'psychological factor'. Factor 2 (8 items) indicated a feeling of satisfaction in the interaction with sexual partner through communication and variation, therefore it was named 'interactional factor'. Factor 3 (2 items) was about the frequency and duration of sexual intercourse and indicated physical dimensions of satisfaction, so it was named 'physical factor'. The average score for sexual satisfaction of the 1,127 subjects was 65.32 (${\pm}12.71$), and histogram of the score showed a normal distribution with skewness - .425. Conclusion: Finally, a Korean Sexual Satisfaction Scale(KSSS) was accepted as a 5 point Likert scale with 18 items after the statistical test for reliability and validity. In conclusion, KSSS is a useful instrument which is valid and reliable can be used to understand the sexuality of Korean adults.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2009

This paper describes a pattern recognition method of Magnoliae flos based on a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oil components. The botanical drug is mainly comprised of the four magnolia species (M. denudata, M. biondii, M. kobus, and M. liliflora) in Korea, although some other species are also being dealt with the drug. The GC/MS separation of the volatile components, which was extracted by the simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), was performed on a carbowax column (supelcowax 10; 30 m{\time}0.25 mm{\time}0.25{\mu}m$) using temperature programming. Variance in the retention times for all peaks of interests was within RSD 2% for repeated analyses (n = 9). Of the 74 essential oil components identified from the magnolia species, approximately 10 major components, which is $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, d-limonene, eucarlyptol (1,8-cineol), $\gamma$-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, $\alpha$-terpineol, were commonly present in the four species. For statistical analysis, the original dataset was reduced to the 13 variables by Fisher criterion and factor analysis (FA). The essential oil patterns were processed by means of the multivariate statistical analysis including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). All samples were divided into four groups with three principal components by PCA and according to the plant origins by HCA. Thirty-three samples (23 training sets and 10 test samples to be assessed) were correctly classified into the four groups predicted by PCA. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the well-known herbal drug, Magnoliae flos.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.531-543
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• 1996

This study was done to develop a Maternal Identity Scale for Pregnant Women and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. A convenience sample of 161 pregnant women were asked to complete the MISP questionnaire which consisted of 45 item, this was done from December 20, 1995 to January 15, 1996. The research procedure were as follows. The first step was to identify a conceptual definition of maternal identity using Robin(1984)'s maternal identity and maternal experience during pregnancy. The second step was to operationalize the maternal identity, that is, perception of image possible of selves as mother, maternal role play by imagination, and the experiences of various emotional responses which are embedded in the mother-fetus dyad. The third step was item development which resulted in 45 items as appropriate measurement of maternal identity are except for the perception of image possible of selves as mother. The result findings were as follows : 1) Four factors for MISP (finally 40 items) were extracted through the principal component analysis and varimax rotation, and these contributed 49.3% of the variance in the total score. All 40 items in the scale loaded above .43 on one of 4 factors. 2) Each factor was named : factor 1 was named maternal role imagery and has 10 items, factor 2 was named happiness and has 11 items, factor 3 was named maternal fetal interaction and has 10 items, and the last factor 4 was named negative emotion and has 9 items. 3) Cronbach's -alpha coefficient for internal consistsncy was .92 for the total 40 items and .89, .90, .86, .78 for the four subscales in that order. Recommendations are suggested below : 1) The developed MISP be used to assess maternal readiness in pregnancy. 2) Replication study be done to test validity and relaibility. 3) For the overall measure of Maternal Identity in Pregnancy, scale for the perception of image possible of selves as mother, and cognitive domain be reorganized for the maternal identity in pregnancy. 4) It is necessary to identify variables that influences maternal pregnancy. 5) It Is necessary to identify that maternal identity in pregnancy is a reliable index of motherhood, to do correlation studies on maternal identity and major maternal variables in maternal transition period, to reoperationalize the maternal identity in postpartum, and finally to designate a longitudinal study of the maternal identity changes or stabilities.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

Silicone sealants are composed of polymer, plasticizer, crosslinker, catalyst and filler. Types and compositions of components are effected on sealant performances. In recent, use of alkoxy type silicone sealant increased due to environmental advantage. In this study, we investigated effects of component types and ratios on one-part room temperature curable alkoxy type silicone sealant preparation and adhesion properties. Alkoxy type silicone sealants were prepared with various PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) viscosities. In addition, the effect of plasticizer, crosslinkers, and catalyst on sealant obtained from by mixture of PDMS viscosities of 20000 and 80000 was investigated. Reaction temperature on change of mixing time was observed, and then proper crosslinking systems were found. Adhesion (properties) of silicone sealants were measured. In the sealants preparation, stable reaction was achieved by adjusting composition variance ratio in the sealant mixture temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. The adhesion properties of sealant differ from substrate composition. The order of adhesion strength was glass/glass > glass/aluminum > aluminum/aluminum system. The elongation of sealant was increased as polymer viscosity and plasticizer content increased. The strength was increased as crosslinker and plasticizer decreased, while catalyst increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1173-1179
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• 2012

The importance of genetic stability and bio-safety in the environment has recently been recognized for many (genetically modified) GM plants. This study evaluated the GM safety of transgenic rice and its environmental variance. Data on agronomic characters and principal component were collected for vitamin A-enriched GM rice and four check cultivars in a large GM field trial during 2009-2011. The cultivation environment was a large GM field and a greenhouse. In this experiment, there was no significant difference between the agronomic characters of the GM rice and those of a donor plant, 'Nagdong'. In terms of grain characteristics, the appearance and physicochemical characteristics of the GM rice and those of the donor plant were similar. However, the grain of the GM rice developed a white core and a white belly when planted in the greenhouse. The type and distribution of dominant weed species were not different in the GM rice and the 'Nagdong'. In addition, gene flow was not detected in the dominant weed species based on PCR analysis.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

This study tires to examine affects that job and socio-psychological stresses of female office workers influence job satisfaction, organization commitment, and leaving intentions. A complete data are collected by conducting a survey with 240 female office workers from 9 medical institutions regarded as almost general hospital in Seoul. It is analyzed that the relation between socio-psychological stress and job satisfaction, organization commitment, and leaving intentions by using t-test; analysis of variance; correlation analysis; principal component analysis; linear structural equation modeling; etc. The results of this study are summarized as following. First, as it was comprehended by specific characteristics of subjects that the female office workers' level of job and socio-psychological stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention, there were statistically significant distinctions from their age, marital status, presence of children, position in the organization, type of employment, and monthly average income. Second, this study regarded relationship between the female office workers' level of job and socio-psychological stresses, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention. Job and socio-psychological stresses were negatively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, but the stresses were positive with leaving intention. Third, after evaluating effect that 8 features related to the job stress could influence job stress, the most effective valuables were in order to unfairness in organizational structure, workplace culture, inadequate compensation, and relationship conflict. Fourth, when looking at the overall effects of the job and sociopsychological stresses on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention, work autonomy was the most influencing factor of work stress levels. The level of the job stress seemed to be a prevalent impact on the leaving intention and it showed the most negative relationship that path coefficient from leaving intention to organizational commitment and also from organizational commitment to job satisfaction. Based on these findings, it can be defined that the job and socio-psychological stresses strongly influence job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.35.1-35.10
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this work was the comparison between the carcass and the meat ewes of the regional Traditional market and the Islamic religious (Halal) market. Methods: Thirty and 20 at the end of career traditional market and Halal market ewes were slaughtered following the EC (European Council, 2009) animal welfare guidelines. Live weight of ewes was taken and dressing percentage of carcasses was calculated. On every carcass zoometric measurement and the evaluation trough the EU grid rules were performed. On the Musculus longissimus thoracis of 12 Traditional market carcasses and 11 Halal market carcasses the physical-chemical and nutritional analysis were performed. Consumer tests for liking meat ewe were performed in order to find consumer's preference level for Traditional and Halal markets ewe meat. Considering as fixed factor the ewe meat market (Traditional and Halal), results were submitted to oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: The Halal market ewes have shown lower dressing percentages ($42.91{\pm}0.82$ vs $46.42{\pm}0.69$) and lower conformation score ($4.5{\pm}0.5$ vs $7.8{\pm}0.4$). The Halal market meat showed higher cooking loss in oven ($37.83{\pm}1.20$ vs $32.03{\pm}1.15%$), lesser Chroma value ($18.63{\pm}0.70$ vs $21.84{\pm}0.67$), and lesser Hue angle value ($0.26{\pm}0.02$ vs $0.34{\pm}0.02$). This product had also lower fat percentage ($4.2{\pm}0.4$ vs $7.09{\pm}0.4$). The traditional market meat had higher percentage in monounsatured fatty acids (MUFA) ($43.84{\pm}1.05$ vs $38.22{\pm}1.10$), while the Halal market meat had higher percentage in ${\omega}3$ poliunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) ($5.04{\pm}0.42$ vs $3.60{\pm}0.40$). The consumer test showed as the ewe meat was appreciate by the consumers. Conclusions: Both meat typologies have shown good nutritional characteristics. The traditional market meat had higher MUFA composition, and a better MUFA/satured fatty acids (SFA) ratio, while the Halal market meat had higher PUFA composition. These results were also supported by the PCA. The consumers preferred the traditional market meat.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2008

Data were taken from the dairy herd improve- ment program from the year 2000, composed of 10,929 first lactation cows consisting of 290,144 test-day records and 37,723 udder type records. The objective of the study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlation between fore udder attachment, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder cleft, udder depth, and somatic cell score (SCS) and to calculate heritability of udder depth, front teat length and SCS in Holstein cattle in Korea. The variance component estima- tion using test day model was determined by a derivative-free algorithm-restricted maximum likeli- hood(DF-REML) analysis method. Generally phenotypic correlations were very low between udder traits and lactation SCS which varied from －0.03 to －0.06. Heritability of all type traits and SCS was smaller than 0.12. The results of this study would be applicable to SCS using linear genetic evaluation for future studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1836-1843
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• 2019

Objective: Social genetic effects (SGE) are an important genetic component for growth, group productivity, and welfare in pigs. The present study was conducted to evaluate i) the feasibility of the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) approach with the inclusion of SGE in the model in pigs, and ii) the changes in the contribution of heritable SGE to the phenotypic variance with different scaling ${\omega}$ constants for genomic relationships. Methods: The dataset included performance tested growth rate records (average daily gain) from 13,166 and 21,762 pigs Landrace (LR) and Yorkshire (YS), respectively. A total of 1,041 (LR) and 964 (YS) pigs were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 v2 BeadChip panel. With the BLUPF90 software package, genetic parameters were estimated using a modified animal model for competitive traits. Giving a fixed weight to pedigree relationships (${\tau}:1$), several weights (${\omega}_{xx}$, 0.1 to 1.0; with a 0.1 interval) were scaled with the genomic relationship for best model fit with Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: The genetic variances and total heritability estimates ($T^2$) were mostly higher with ssGBLUP than in the pedigree-based analysis. The model AIC value increased with any level of ${\omega}$ other than 0.6 and 0.5 in LR and YS, respectively, indicating the worse fit of those models. The theoretical accuracies of direct and social breeding value were increased by decreasing ${\omega}$ in both breeds, indicating the better accuracy of ${\omega}_{0.1}$ models. Therefore, the optimal values of ${\omega}$ to minimize AIC and to increase theoretical accuracy were 0.6 in LR and 0.5 in YS. Conclusion: In conclusion, single-step ssGBLUP model fitting SGE showed significant improvement in accuracy compared with the pedigree-based analysis method; therefore, it could be implemented in a pig population for genomic selection based on SGE, especially in South Korean populations, with appropriate further adjustment of tuning parameters for relationship matrices.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.781-792
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• 2018

In modern society, as technology develops and industry diversifies, students can choose from a variety of career paths. Since science, technology, engineering, and mathematics require a longer education and experience than other fields, it is important to design science education policies based on the competencies required for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations. This study explores the definition of science and technology manpower and STEM occupations and identifies core competencies of STEM occupations using standard job information operated and maintained by the US Department of Labor ($O^*NET$). We specially analyzed ratings of the importance of skills (35 ratings), knowledge (33 ratings), and work activities (41 ratings) conducting descriptive analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, core competencies of STEM occupations consist of STEM problem-solving competency, Management competency, Technical competency, Social service competency, Teaching competency, Design competency, Bio-chemistry competency, and Public service competency, which accounts for 70% of the total variance. This study can be a reference for setting the curriculum and educational goals in secondary and college education by showing the diversity of science and technology occupations and the competencies required for STEM occupations.