• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.538-541
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• 2007

An expansion device plays an important role in optimizing the heat pumps by controlling refrigerant flow and balancing the system pressures. Conventional expansion devices are being gradually replaced with electronic expansion valves due to increasing focus on comfort, energy conservation, and application of a variable speed compressor. In addition, the amount of refrigerant charge in a heat pump is another primary parameter influencing system performance. In this study, the flow characteristics of the expansion devices are analyzed, and the effects of refrigerant charge amount on the performance of the heat pump are investigated at various operating conditions. Cooling capacity of the heat pump system is strongly dependent on load conditions. The heat pump system is very sensitive with a variation of refrigerant charge amount. But, the performance of it can be optimized by adjusting the flow rate through expansion device to maintain a constant superheat at all test conditions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 1994

It is the goal of this study to provide the essential data for design and operation of optimum water supply system. Experimental and theoretical analyses have been conducted for various parameters, for example, volume and air percent of pressurizing tank, pump speed and pressure range inside tank, etc. Pressure inside tank with time, flow rate, energy consumption rate and pump operation time have been obtained for design and operating parameters to optimize the components and to establish the operating method of system, and therefore to contribute to the development of technology from a point of view of the improvement of quality, the enhancement of system efficiency and the reduction of construction cost.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.141-147
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• 1997

The variable speed drive system of a electric motor is popular in industry due to its economical aspect and simplicity of implementation, comparing with a steam turbine or the other engine driven. For a large pumping load like a feedwater pump rated about or more than 20,000㎾, a synchronous motor could be primarily considered. In this paper, we studied the modelling of a variable speed drive system consisted with a load commutated inverter(LCI) and a brushless sailent pole rotor synchronous motor(SM) using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation was performed with a small SM motor parameters.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.232-237
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• 1991

Digital Variable Structure Controller(DVSC) is proposed to control variable speed recirculating pump for hot-water heating control system. In this study, nonlinear sliding line is used beyond output error boundary layer and PID sliding line is used within the layer. For long dead time compensation, constraint is added to Smith predictor algorithm. Steady state error is eliminated by using the proposed sliding line in spite of heating load change. By decreasing sampling time, good sliding motion is yielded but system output noise bv flow dynamics is amplified.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.352-359
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• 2010

In recent years, the market has shown increasing interest in pump-turbines. The prompt availability of pumped storage plants and the benefits to the power system achieved by peak lopping, providing reserve capacity, and rapid response in frequency control are providing a growing advantage. In this context, there is a need to develop pumpturbines that can reliably withstand dynamic operation modes, fast changes of discharge rate by adjusting the variable diffuser vanes, as well as fast changes from pumping to turbine operation. In the first part of the present study, various flow patterns linked to operation of a pump-turbine system are discussed. In this context, pump and turbine modes are presented separately and different load cases are shown in each operating mode. In order to create modern, competitive pump-turbine designs, this study further explains what design challenges should be considered in defining the geometry of a pump-turbine impeller. The second part of the paper describes an innovative, staggered approach to impeller development, applied to a low head pump-turbine project. The first level of the process consists of optimization strategies based on evolutionary algorithms together with 3D in-viscid flow analysis. In the next stage, the hydraulic behavior of both pump mode and turbine mode is evaluated by solving the full 3D Navier-Stokes equations in combination with a robust turbulence model. Finally, the progress in hydraulic design is demonstrated by model test results that show a significant improvement in hydraulic performance compared to an existing reference design.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 1992

Experimental investigation on the performance of a heat pump system using refrigerant mixtures is done. The condenser and the evaporator are double pipe heat exchangers of counter flow type and the compressor is driven by a variable speed motor. The refrigerant mixture used in the experiment is R22/R142b. Experiments are performed by changing the compressor speed, composition on ratio of mixture, and the average temperatures of condenser and evaporator. The compressor work, heating capacity and the coefficient of performance are calculated. Results show that the heating capacity can be changed by varying the mass flow rate of refrigerant mixtures to meet the heating load. It is shown that the capacity control by changing the composition ratio is more effective than by changing the compressor speed. Under the condition where the external conditions are fixed and the heating loads are equal, the coefficient of performance has its maximum value near 50 : 50 mass fraction of the refrigerant mixture in this study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2013

This case study presents a practical method to reduce resonant vibration of large vertical pumps. The pumps are driven at 400 rpm rated speed by induction motor. The vibration was not significantly large when operated at this rated speed. Large vibration was occurred when the pump was operated below the rated speed for flow control. Due to the large vibration resonance, variable speed operation of the pump was not possible for several months at worst cases. To find an efficient vibration control method, the flexural responses of pumps for both normal and transient operations were measured. The measured modal characteristics were compared with those of finite element analysis. When the pump was operated at a specific rpm, the natural mode whose resonance frequency is twice the rotating angular speed induced the large vibration. The retrofit utilizing stiffeners to reduce this resonant vibration were performed. Effects of designed stiffeners on reducing vibration were validated through tests after actual installation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.454-462
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• 2008

Since operating conditions are significantly different for heating and cooling mode operations in a $CO_2$ heat pump system, it is difficult to optimize the performance of the $CO_2$ cycle. In addition, the performance of a $CO_2$ heat pump is very sensitive to outdoor temperature and gascooler pressure. In this study, the cooling and heating performances of a variable speed $CO_2$ heat pump with a twin-rotary compressor were measured and analyzed with the variations of EEV opening and compressor frequency. As a result, the cooling and heating COPs were 2.3 and 3.0, respectively, when the EEV opening was 22%. When the optimal EEV openings for heating and cooling were 28% and 16%, the cooling and heating COPs increased by 3.3% and 3.9%, respectively, over the COPs at the EEV opening of 22%. Beside, the heating performance was more sensitive to EEV opening than the cooling performance. As the compressor speed decreased by 5 Hz, the cooling COP increased by 2%, while the heating COP decreased by 8%.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.77-82
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• 2008

For heat pumps used in a cold region, it is very important to obtain appropriate heating capacity. Several studies using a variable speed compressor and an additional heater have been performed to enhance heating capacity at low ambient temperatures. However, for outdoor temperature conditions below $-15^{\circ}C$, it is still difficult to obtain enough heating capacity above the rated value. In recent studies, the application of gas injection technique into a two-stage heat pump yielded noticeable heating performance improvement at low temperature conditions. In this study, the heating performance of a two-stage gas injection heat pump with a rated capacity of 3.5 kW was measured and analyzed by varying refrigerant charge amount and EEV opening at the standard heating condition. The heating performance of the two-stage gas injection heat pump was compared with that of a two-stage non-injection heat pump. The heating capacity and COP of the two-stage gas injection heat pump were improved by 2-10% at the optimal charging condition over those of the two-stage non-injection heat pump.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.513-518
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• 2008

In the air-conditioning and refrigeration industry, the efforts to protect the environment have been made. One of them is to use carbon dioxide as an alternative refrigerant, however, several researches have shown that the transcritical heat pump system using $CO_2$ has relatively lower efficiency resulting in a degraded steady-state system performance. Capacity control with fuzzy controller was carried out for $CO_2$ heat pump system. Evaporator secondary fluid outlet temperature was suggested for the control variable of compressor speed modulation.