• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1998

Over- and under-application of pesticides to crops have recently become main concerns regarding the environment conservation, product cost and firmer's safety. Thus, a uniform and optimal application method of pesticides was needed. The objective of study was to evaluate flow compensating characteristics of a variable flow control system for a boom sprayer using a laboratory setup. At the most variable conditions, the control system was acceptable with the flowrate control strategy. However, the sprayer control system became unstably fluctuating at the long execution time with small tolerance because of the constant valve on-time. This problem was solved by employing a variable on-time control. The optimal values for the damping ratio and the execution time were 2 and 1.0 sec, respectively, with the tolerances less than 3%. The performance of the control system at the optimal conditions were the response time of 3.8sec and the absolute steady-state error of 0.5% with the stable RCV and ROS ( < 1.0).

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.532-540
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• 2001

The objectives of this study are to analyze the control variables according to condensation occurrence, to find the range in floor surface temperature and frequency of condensation, and to evaluate the control methods through simulations when the radiant heating system is used for cooling. Through the simulation analysis the control methods such as on/off control, variable flow control and outdoor reset with indoor temperature feedback control are evaluated and compared. The results show that the lowest floor surface temperature is around $23^{\circ}C$, the surface condensation can be prevented by controlling indoor humidity within 20g/kg(DA0, and that outdoor reset with indoor temperature feedback control is more appropriate than on/off control and variable flow control with regard to prevention of the condensation and thermal comfort.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2016

In this paper, the peristaltic flow of Psedoplastic fluid with variable viscosity in an asymmetric channel is examined. The bionic effects by means of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are taken into account. The assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number are taken into account. The basic equations governing the flow are first reduced to a set of ordinary differential equation by using appropriate transformation for variables and then solve by using perturbation method. The effect of physical parameters on the pressure rise, velocity and pressure gradient are illustrated graphically. The trapping phenomenon is analyzed through stream lines. A suitable comparison has also been made as a limiting case of the considered problem.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1998

This paper describes the design of a variable rate QPSK demodulator for digital satellite TV system. This true variable-rate demodulator employs a unique architecture to realize an all digital synchronization and detection algorithm. Data-flow based design approach enabled a seamless transition from high level design optimization to physical layout. The demodulator has been integrated with Viterbi decoder, de-interleaver, and Ree-Solomon decoder to make a single chip Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) receiver. The receiver IC has been fabricated with a 0.5mm CMOS TLM process and proved fully functional in a real-world set-up.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.245-261
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• 1998

In order to validate the variable aperture channel model that can deal with the non-uniform How rate in flow domain, migration experiments of conservative tracer were performed in two artificial fractures, a parallel and a wedge-shaped fracture. These different fracture shapes were designed to give different flow pattern. The fractures were made from a transparent acrylic plastic plate and a granite slab with dimensions of 10 $\times$ 61 $\times$ 61 cm. Uranine (Fluorescein sodium salt) was used as a conservative tracer. The volumetric flow rates of uranine feed solution were 30 mL/ hr, giving a mean residence time in the fracture of approximately 24 hours for the parallel fracture and 34 hours for the wedge-shaped fracture. The migration plumes of uranine were photographed to obtain profiles in space and time for movement of a tracer in fractures. The photographed migration plume was greatly affected by the geometric shape of fractures. The variable aperture channel model could have predicted the experimental results for the parallel fracture with a large accuracy. It is expected that the variable aperture channel model would be effective to predict the transport of the contaminant, especially, with the flow rate variation in a fracture.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-148
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• 2022

The paper presents the surface-modified NACA 2412 airfoil performance with variable cavity characteristics such as size, shape and orientation, by numerically investigated with the pre-validation study. The study attempts to improve the airfoil aerodynamic performance at 30 m/s with a variable angle of attack (AOA) ranging from 0° to 20° under Reynolds number (R_e) 4.4×10⁵. Through passive surface control techniques, a boundary layer control strategy has been enhanced to improve flow performance. An intense background survey has been carried out over the modifier orientation, shape, and numbers to differentiate the sub-critical and post-critical flow regimes. The wall-bounded flows along with its governing equations are investigated using Reynolds Average Navier Strokes (RANS) solver coupled with one-equational transport Spalart Allmaras model. It was observed that the aerodynamic efficiency of cavity airfoil had been improved by enhancing maximum lift to drag ratio ((l/d) max) with delayed flow separation by keeping the flow attached beyond 0.25C even at a higher angle of attack. Detailed investigation on the cavity distribution pattern reveals that cavity depth and width are essential in degrading the early flow separation characteristics. In this study, overall general performance comparison, all the cavity airfoil models have delayed stalling compared to the original airfoil.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1587-1598
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• 2013

In this paper, we obtain some gradient estimates for positive solutions to the following nonlinear parabolic equation $$\frac{{\partial}u}{{\partial}t}={\triangle}u-b(x,t)u^{\sigma}$$ under general geometric flow on complete noncompact manifolds, where 0 < ${\sigma}$ < 1 is a real constant and $b(x,t)$ is a function which is $C^2$ in the $x$-variable and $C^1$ in the$t$-variable. As an application, we get an interesting Harnack inequality.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2003

The post-processor for two-dimensional flow visualization has been developed by using OOP(object-oriented programming) of Visual C++. User-friendly GUI(graphic user interface) has been built on the base of MFC(Microsoft Foundation Class). The number and order of variables can be specified by user because the input style is the free-format. The new variable can be defined and added to the variable list by using the various operators and functions.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.2035-2040
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• 2004

A cone cylinder is used to obtain variable operation conditions for the sonic ejector-diffuser system. The cone cylinder is designed to move upstream and downstream to change the ejector throat area ratio, thus obtaining variable mass flow rates. The present study investigates the effects of ejector throat area ratio and operating pressure ratio on the entrainment of secondary stream for the variable sonic ejector system. In experiment, the ejector throat area is varied in the range from ${\psi}=11.88$ to 66.69, and the operating pressure ratio from $p_{0p}/p_a=1.25$ to 9.0. The results show that the variable sonic ejector system is suitable for a required entrainment ratio of secondary stream by altering the ejector throat area ratio and operating pressure ratio.

• 수도
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• s.25
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• pp.28-39
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• 1981