• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.88-94
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• 2013

The hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is well known as a hazardous ion, presumably inducing dermatic diseases and if serious cancer. The present study concerns the binding capacity of Cr(VI) ions in the cement powder and matrix for a quantitative technique of Cr(VI) ions in cement to influence human health. Both the water-soluble and acid-soluble Cr(VI) ions present in 3 types of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), pulverised fuel ash (PFA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and silica fume (SF) were measured using the spectrophotometer. As a result, it was found that the concentration of water-soluble Cr(VI) ion in cement ranged from 10.5 to 18.9mg/kg-cement, and in the additional materials a very low value of Cr(VI) ion was measured. Acid-soluble Cr(VI) ion was even higher than water-soluble Cr(VI) ion, ranging from 172.4 to 318.2mg/kg-cement. Nevertheless, the concentration of acid-soluble Cr(VI) ion is not proportional to addition of acid. It depends rather the variable pH of solvent involving cement paste. As enough cement hydration occurs, the binding capacity of Cr(VI) ion increases, inhibiting this ions from leaching out in the presence of hydration products such as ettringite or tri-calcium aluminate which bind Cr(VI) ion by ion-exchange.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

Background: Intracellular antibody specific to hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) might be useful for studying the role of HBx in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and HBV replication. Methods: With variable region genes for H7 monoclonal anti-HBx Ab, we constructed a vector for bacterial expression of single chain Ab (scFv) and a vector for eukaryotic cell expression of it. The expression of H7 scFv and its binding activity against HBx was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: H7 scFv expressed in bacterial cells retained reactivity to HBx. We demonstrated its intracytoplasmic expression in CosM6 eukaryotic cells. Conclusion: This is the first study showing the expression of intracellular anti-HBx Ab in eukaryotic cells. H7 scFv may be a good tool to study the function of HBx in HBV infection.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.566-571
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• 2016

Forskolin (FSK), an adenylyl cyclase activator, has recently been shown to enhance nucleotide excision repair (NER) upon UV exposure. However, our study revealed that this effect was detected in human skin epithelial ARPE19 cells only in growing cells, but not in non-cycling cells. When the cells were grown at low density (70% confluence), FSK was capable of stimulating cAMP responsive element binding (CREB) phosphorylation, a marker for FSK-stimulated PKA activation, and resulted in a significant increase of NER activity compared to control treatment. However, cells grown under 100% confluent conditions showed neither FSK-induced CREB phosphorylation nor the resulting NER enhancement. These findings indicate that cellular growth is critical for FSK-induced NER enhancement and suggest that cellular growth conditions should be considered as a variable while evaluating a reagent's pharmacotherapeutic efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.1521-1536
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• 2017

This paper introduces a representation style of variable binding using dependent types when formalizing meta-theoretic properties. The style we present is a variation of the Coquand-McKinna-Pollack's locally-named representation. The main characteristic is the use of dependent families in defining expressions such as terms and formulas. In this manner, we can handle many syntactic elements, among which wellformedness, provability, soundness, and completeness are critical, in a compact manner. Another point of our paper is to investigate the roles of free variables and constants. Our idea is that fresh constants can entirely play the role of free variables in formalizing meta-theories of first-order predicate logic. In order to show the feasibility of our idea, we formalized the soundness and completeness of LJT with respect to Kripke semantics using the proof assistant Coq, where LJT is the intuitionistic first-order predicate calculus. The proof assistant Coq supports all the functionalities we need: intentional type theory, dependent types, inductive families, and simultaneous substitution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.622-626
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• 2007

Using multi-trait animal model BLUP, selection was conducted over seven generations for growth rate (DG), real-time ultrasound loin-eye muscle area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat content (IMF) to develop a new line of purebred Duroc pigs with enhanced meat production and meat quality. This study was intended to investigate the relationship between restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of a heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) gene and intramuscular fat content (IMF) of this Duroc purebred population. The present experiment examined the RFLP of 499 slaughtered pigs. The DNA was separated from the blood or ear tissue of the pigs, which were slaughtered at 105 kg of body weight. Intramuscular fat content of the longissimus muscle was measured using chemical analysis. A significant difference was detected in the breeding value of IMF among the H-FABP PCR RFLP genotypes. The AA genotype has a significantly larger positive effect on the IMF breeding value than do the Aa and aa genotypes for the MspI RFLP. In addition, the DD genotype has a significantly greater positive effect on IMF breeding value than the Dd and dd genotypes for the HaeIII RFLP. For the HinfI RFLP, the hh genotype has a significantly larger positive effect on IMF breeding value than the HH genotype. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the IMF breeding values as the dependent variable and the three H-FABP genotypes as independent variables. Results revealed that the contribution of the genotypes to variation in IMF breeding values was approximately 40%. These results demonstrated that H-FABP RFLPs affect IMF in this Duroc population.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.625-630
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• 2016

The RNA-binding protein Rbfox3 is a well-known splicing regulator that is used as a marker for post-mitotic neurons in various vertebrate species. Although recent studies indicate a variable expression of Rbfox3 in non-neuronal tissues, including lung tissue, its cellular function in lung cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the number of RBFOX3-positive cells in tumorous lung tissue is lower than that in normal lung tissue. As the transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) signaling pathway is important in cancer progression, we investigated its role in RBFOX3 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. TGF-${\beta}1$ treatment inhibited RBFOX3 expression at the transcriptional level. Further, RBFOX3 depletion led to a change in the expression levels of a subset of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as E-cadherin and Claudin-1, during TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT. In immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, mesenchymal morphology was more prominent in RBFOX3-depleted cells than in control cells. These findings show that TGF-${\beta}$-induced RBFOX3 inhibition plays an important role in EMT and propose a novel role for RBFOX3 in cancer progression.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

Pneumococcal surfacce protein A (PspA) is an important virulence factor and an antigenically variable surface protein of the pneumococci. To purify the PspA from S. pneumoniae KNIH1156 , a clinical isolate (type 19F), we have taken advantage of the fact that PspA is released from the surface of pneumococci into the medium by growing in a CDM-ET medium and PspA is capable of binding human lactoferrin, the iron carrier protein. PspA of S. pneumoniae KNIH1156 was purified from culture supernatant by human lactoferrin (hLf) affinity chromatography. The purified PspA was confirmed with anti-PspA antiserum and also had the binding capacity to hLf specifically. To determine whether the purified PspA could elicit protection in mice against pneumococcal inflection, we immunized the mice with purified PspA and subsequently challenged with S. pneumoniae KNIH1156. Immunization with purified PspA protected mice from 500 times the $LD^{50}$ of S. pneumoniae KNIH1156. Therefore, it has been shown that purified PspA fromS. pneumoniae KNIH1156 (type 19F) is a protective immunogen.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 1993

When monoclonal antibodies are used in radioimmunoassay or immunoscintigraphic studies, post-labelling immunoreativity is a critical parameter. $^{125}I$ was incorporated to CEA-79 (anti CEA monoclonal antibody developed in Korea) by chloramine T and iodogen method with variable specific activities from $0.1{\mu}Ci/{\mu}g$ to $100{\mu}Ci/{\mu}g$. We used a new method to evaluate the immunoreactivites of modified antibody relative to the unlabelled native antibody from competitive binding assay. The effect of immunoreactivity and specific activity to the sensitivity of radioimmunometric assay was also evaluated. As a result, chloramine T method was better than iodogen method in radioiodination of CEA-79, because the immunoreactivity of antibody was relatively well reserved and more stable. New competitive binding assay was simple and effective to evaluate the change of immunoreactivity in radiolabelling. Antibody with high immunoreactivity and high specific activity improved the sensitivity of radioimmunometric assay, whereas antibody with high specific activity but low immunoreactivity didn't. The immunoreactivity and specific activity should be optimized according to the clinical un, and competitive binding method is useful in selection of optimal radiolabelling assay.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.2021-2030
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• 2020

Objective: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been extensively used in the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research to elucidate their characteristics and clinical potential by normalization of target genes against reference genes (RGs), which are believed to be stably expressed irrespective of various experimental conditions. However, the expression of RGs is also variable depending on the experimental conditions, which may lead to false or contradictory conclusions upon normalization. Due to the current lack of information for a clear list of stable RGs in bovine MSCs, we conducted this study to identify suitable RGs in bovine MSCs. Methods: The cycle threshold values of ten traditionally used RGs (18S ribosomal RNA [18S], beta-2-microglobulin [B2M], H2A histone family, member Z [H2A], peptidylprolyl isomerase A [PPIA], ribosomal protein 4 [RPL4], succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A [SDHA], beta actin [ACTB], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], TATA box binding protein [TBP], and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltrasnfrase1 [HPRT1]) in bovine bone marrow-derived MSCs (bBMMSCs) were validated for their stabilities using three types of RG evaluation algorithms (geNorm, Normfinder, and Bestkeeper). The effect of validated RGs was then verified by normalization of lineage-specific genes (fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4] and osteonectin [ON]) expressions during differentiations of bBMMSCs or POU class 5 homeobox 1 (OCT4) expression between bBMMSCs and dermal skins. Results: Based on the results obtained for the three most stable RGs from geNorm (TBP, RPL4, and H2A), Normfinder (TBP, RPL4, and SDHA), and Bestkeeper (TBP, RPL4, and SDHA), it was comprehensively determined that TBP and RPL4 were the most stable RGs in bBMMSCs. However, traditional RGs were suggested to be the least stable (18S) or moderately stable (GAPDH and ACTB) in bBMMSCs. Normalization of FABP4 or ON against TBP, RPL4, and 18S presented significant differences during differentiation of bBMMSCs. However, although significantly low expression of OCT4 was detected in dermal skins compared to that in bBMMSCs when TBP and RPL4 were used in normalization, normalization against 18S exhibited no significance. Conclusion: This study proposes that TBP and RPL4 were suitable as stable RGs for qPCR study in bovine MSCs.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.35.1-35.11
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• 2020

Background: Despite common use of tylosin in turkeys, the pharmacokinetic (PK) data for this drug in turkeys is limited. Within a few months of growth, PK of drugs in turkeys undergoes changes that may decrease their efficacy due to variable internal exposure. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of age on the PK of a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of tylosin to turkeys at a dose of 10 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Methods: Plasma drug concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The PK parameters were assessed by means of non-compartmental approach and were subjected to allometric analysis. Results: During a 2.5-month-long period of growth from 1.4 to 14.7 kg, the median value for area under the concentration-time curve after i.v. administration increased from 2.61 to 7.15 mg × h/L and the body clearance decreased from a median of 3.81 to 1.42 L/h/kg. Over the same time, the median elimination half-life increased from 1.03 to 2.96 h. For the oral administration a similar trend was noted but the differences were less pronounced. Bioavailability was variable (5.76%-21.59%) and age-independent. For both routes, the plasma concentration of the major tylosin metabolite, tylosin D, was minimal. Protein binding was age-independent and did not exceed 50%. Allometric analysis indicated a relatively poor predictivity of clearance, volume of distribution and elimination half-life for tylosin in turkeys. Conclusions: Age has a significant impact on tylosin PK in turkeys and dosage adjustment may be needed, particularly in young individuals.